toefl reading strategy c8 rhetorical purpose questionsfor students⑴考点通常为举例类比通过与熟悉日常生活中事物比较从而解释某个

TOEFLReadingStrategy(Studentsuse修辞目的题RhetoricalPurposeTheauthordiscussesXinparagraph2inordertoWhydoestheauthormentionX?TheauthorusesXasanexampleof…WhatisthepurposeofParagraphWhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationof词所在的那句话（在文中有时会标出，有时不会标出，然后找与在同一区间的TS,TS可能是紧挨着例子之前的那句话，也可能位于段首TopicSentence即第一句话的位置.(2)功能词汇：argueforargueagainstpresentemphasize,differentiate,compare,contrastrefute,introduce,⑶注意：除非段落中出现了表示比较对比、转折的标识词，通常情况下排除含有contrast&compare的选项OgallalaOgallalawaterhasenabledthe insregiontosupplysignificantamountsofthecotton,sorghum,wheat,corngrownintheUnitedStates.Inaddition,40percentofAmericangrain-fedbeefcattlearefattenedInparagraph3,whydoestheauthorprovidetheinformationthat40percentofAmericancattlearefattenedintheHighins?TosuggestthatcropcultivationisnotthemostimportantpartoftheeconomyoftheHighToindicatethatnotalleconomicactivityintheHighinsisdependentonToprovideanotherexampleofhowwaterfromtheOgallalahastransformedtheeconomyoftheHighTocontrastcattlefatteningpracticesintheHighinswiththoseusedinotherregionoftheUnitedininfact.Amorecomplicatedsystemis,ingeneral,morelikelythanasimplesystemtobreakdown.(Afifteen-racingbicycleismorelikelytobreakdownthanachild’sInparagraph5,whydoestheauthorprovidetheinformationthat“(Afifteen-speedracingbicycleismorelikelytobreakdownthanachild’stricycle)”?ToillustrateageneralprincipleaboutthestabilityofsystemsbyusinganeverydayTodemonstratethatanunderstandingofstabilityinecosystemscanbeappliedtohelpunderstandstabilityinothersituationsTomakeacomparisonthatsupportstheclaimthat,ingeneral,stabilityincreaseswithToprovideanexamplethatcontradictsmathematicalmodelsof（organization，问法：Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationof①问题解决型（Tosolvethisproblem…/TherearetwoSuggestingananswertoatheoreticalquestionDiscussingaproblemwithtwopossiblesolutions②现象解释型(TherearetwoexAphenomenonisdescribedandaninterpretationpresentedandDiscussingapossibleexnationfor③新老观点对比型ShowingthatacertaininterpretationisbettersupportedbytheevidencemendingadifferentapproachDescribeanalternativeInadditiontoexploringthepossibleantecedentsoftheater,scholarshavealsotheorizedaboutthemotivesthatledInadditiontoexploringthepossibleantecedentsoftheater,scholarshavealsotheorizedaboutthemotivesthatledpeopletodeveloptheater.Whydidtheaterdevelop,andwhywasitvaluedafteritceasedtofulfillthefunctionritual?Mostanswersfallbackonthetheoriesaboutthehumanmindandbasichumanneeds.One,setforthAristotleincenturyB.C.,seeshumansasnaturallyimitative—astakingpleasureinthings,andactionsandinseeingsuchimitations.Another,advancedinthetwentiethcentury,suggeststhathaveagiftforfantasy,throughwhichtheyseektoreshaperealityintomoresatisfyingformsthanthoseinindailylife.Thus,fantasyorfiction(ofwhichdramaisoneform)permitspeopletoobjectifytheiranxietiesandconfrontthem,andfulfilltheirhopesinfictionifnotfact.Thetheater,then,isonetoolwherebypeopledefineandunderstandtheirworldorescapefromunpleasantrealities.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofparagraphTheauthorpresentstwotheoriesforahistoricalTheauthorarguesagainsttheoriesexpressedearlierintheTheauthorarguesforrecingoldertheorieswithanewTheauthorpointsoutproblemswithtwopopularParagraphParagraph6：Moreover,gettingpetroleumoutofthegroundandfromundertheseaandtotheconsumercanenvironmentalproblemsanywherealongtheline.Pipelinescarryingoilcanbebrokenbyfaultsorcausingseriousoilspills.Spillagefromhugeoil-carryingcargoships,,involvedincollisionsaccidentalgroundings(suchastheoneoffAlaskain1989)cancreateoilslicksatsea.Offshoretformsmayalsoloseoil,creatingoilslicksthatdriftashoreandfoulthebeaches,harmingtheenvironment.Sometimes,thegroundatanoilfieldmaysubsideasoilisremoved.TheWilmingtonfieldnearLongBeach,California,hassubsidedninemetersin50years;protectivebarriershavehadtobebuilttopreventseawaterfromfloodingthearea.Finally,refiningandburningofpetroleumanditsproductscancauseairpollution.AdvancingtechnologyandstrictcontrolsomeoftheseadverseenvironmentalInparagraph6,theauthor’sprimarypurposeisProvideexamplesofhowoilexplorationcanendangertheDescribeaccidentsthathaveoccurredwhenoilactivitieswereinGiveanysisoftheeffectsofoilspillsontheExinhowtechnologyandlegislationhelpreduceoilParagraph1Paragraph1：Whatdoyourememberaboutyourlifebeforeyouwerethree?Fewpeoplecanrememberanythingthathappenedtothemintheirearlyyears.Adults'memoriesofthenextfewyearsalsotendtobescanty.Mostpeoplerememberonlyafewevents-usuallyonesthatweremeaningfulanddistinctive，suchashospitalizedorasibling’sParagraph2：Howmightthisinabilitytorecallearlyexperiencesbeexined?Thesheerpassageoftimenotaccountforit;adultshaveexcellentrecognitionofpicturesofpeoplewhoattendedhighschoolwiththem35yearsearlier.Anotherseeminglyusibleexnation-thatinfantsdonotformenduringmemoriesatthispointindevelopment-alsoisincorrect.Childrentwoandahalftothreeyearsoldrememberexperiencesthatoccurredintheirfirstyear,andelevenmontholdsremembersomeeventsayearlater.Nordoesthehypothesisthatamnesiareflectsrepression-orholdingback- uallychargedepisodes inthephenomenon．Whilerepressionmayoccur，peoplecannotrememberordinaryeventsfromtheinfantandtoddlerperiodseither．Paragraph3：Threeotherex nationsseemmorepromising.OneinvolvesphysiologicalchangesrelevanttoParagraph4：Asecond nationinvolvestheinfluenceofthesocialworldonchildren’slanguageParagraph5：Athirdlikely nationforinfantileamnesia patibilitiesb