世界银行-新兴技术策展系列4-去中心化标识符（英）

PublicDisclosureAuthorizedPublicDisclosureAuthorizedPublicDisclosureAuthorizedPublicDisclosureAuthorized

Technology&InnovationLabKoreaOffice

EMERGING

TECHNOLOGIES

CURATIONSERIES

Issue#4:

DecentralizedIdentifier(DID)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

WBKoreaOffice

JasonMichaelAllford(SpecialRepresentative)

WBG,InformationTechnologySolutions,TechnologyandInnovationLab(ITSTI)

YusufKaracaoglu(DirectorandSeniorAdvisor),StelaMocan(Manager),

JinheePark(ITOfficer),YongdaeKim(ITOfficer)

©2023TheWorldBank

1818HStreetNW

WashingtonDC20433

Telephone:202-473-1000

Internet:

ThisworkisaproductofthestaffofTheWorldBankwithexternalcontributions.Thefindings,

interpretations,andconclusionsexpressedinthisworkdonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsofThe

WorldBank,itsBoardofExecutiveDirectors,orthegovernmentstheyrepresent.

TheWorldBankdoesnotguaranteetheaccuracyofthedataincludedinthiswork.The

boundaries,colors,denominations,andotherinformationshownonanymapinthisworkdonot

implyanyjudgmentonthepartofTheWorldBankconcerningthelegalstatusofanyterritoryor

theendorsementoracceptanceofsuchboundaries.

RightsandPermissions

Thematerialinthisworkissubjecttocopyright.BecauseTheWorldBankencouragesdissemination

ofitsknowledge,thisworkmaybereproduced,inwholeorinpart,fornoncommercialpurposes

aslongasfullattributiontothisworkisgiven.

Anyqueriesonrightsandlicenses,includingsubsidiaryrights,shouldbeaddressedtoWorldBank

Publications,TheWorldBankGroup,1818HStreetNW,Washington,DC20433,USA;fax:202-

522-2625;e-mail:pubrights@.

Technology&InnovationLabKoreaOffice

EMERGING

TECHNOLOGIES

CURATIONSERIES

Issue#4:

DecentralizedIdentifier(DID)

Contents

Acronyms 5

Abstract 6

I.AnABCofDID:APrimer 7

II.TheEvolutionofDigitalIdentityandtheAdvantages

BroughtbyDIDTechnology 12

TheThreeModelsofDigitalIdentity 13

AdvantagesofDIDTechnology 14

SecurityandPrivacy 14

ConvenienceandBusinessEfficiency 14

III.DIDTechnologyinKorea 16

PublicSectorInitiatives 17

PublicInvestmentinDIDTechnology 17

PublicServiceusingDIDTechnology 19

PrivateSectorInitiatives 22

IV

.LookingAhead:PotentialforDevelopmentImpact

28

5

Acronyms

DID

DecentralizedIdentifier

DIF

DecentralizedIdentityFoundation

FIDO

FastIdentityOnline

GDPR

GeneralDataProtectionRegulation

GPKI

GovernmentPublicKeyInfrastructure

GS

GoodSoftware

IANA

InternetAssignedNumbersAuthority

IdP

IdentityProvider

IETF

InternetEngineeringTaskForce

KDCA

KoreaDiseaseControlandPreventionAgency

KIPO

KoreaIntellectualPropertyOffice

KOSDAQ

KoreaSecuritiesDealersAutomatedQuotations

MMA

MilitaryManpowerAdministration

MND

MinistryofNationalDefense

MOIS

MinistryoftheInteriorandSafety

MSIT

MinistryofScienceandICT

OAuth

OpenAuthorization

RP

ReplyingParty

SAML

SecurityAssertionMarkupLanguage

SSI

Self-SovereignIdentity

SSO

SingleSign-On

URI

UniformResourceIdentifier

VC

VerifiableCredential

VDR

VerifiableDataRegistry

W3C

WorldWideWebConsortium

ABSTRACT

Anidentificationcardthatprovesaperson’sidentityisessentialinmodernsociety.

Itallowsindividualstoaccessvariousonlineandin-personpublicservicesby

verifyingtheiridentity.ThroughanIDcard,governmentservicessuchascivil

complaints,taxation,healthcare,insurance,andpensioncanbesmoothlyprovided.

Insomecases,theIDcardmaycontainadditionalinformation,suchasyourhome

addressoreligibilityforcertainservices,whichcanbeusedtoverifyyouridentity

andeligibilityforcertainbenefits.IDcardsarecrucialforaccessingpublic—and

private—serviceswheretheindividualsneedtoverifytheinformation.However,

mostIDsareissuedandcontrolledbyexternalauthoritiesandinformationis

sharedandrevokedupontherequest.

ADecentralizedIdentifier(DID)isanewtypeofgloballyuniquepersistentidentifier

thatdoesnotrequirecentralizedregistrationauthorities.Repeatedlygenerated

andregisteredcryptographically,DIDsenableanewmodelofdecentralizeddigital

identity,whichisreferredasself-sovereignidentityordecentralizedidentity.1This

sometimesallowsuserstoverifyinformationrapidlywithouthavingtocontact

multipleissuingparties.

This4thissueintheEmergingTechnologyseriesbrieflydescribestheDecentralized

Identifieranditspotentialforsolvingdevelopmentchallenges,alongsidekey

highlightsofKorea’sexperienceandlessonslearnedinregardtotheexploration

andadoptionofemergingtechnologies.

ThispaperisaproductofWBGITSTechnology&InnovationLabanditisthefruit

ofacollaborativeeffortbytheWBKoreaCountryOffice.TheT&ILabservesas

alearninghubtoWBGforexperimentation,prototyping,andmainstreamingof

cutting-edgetechnologiesandhasbeenpublishingtheEmergingTechnologies

CurationSeries.Theseriesaimstocapturenewtechnologyandtrends,andshare

knowledgethatwillhelptosolvedevelopmentchallenges.InregardtoDID,the

Labbuiltaprototypein2020,andoutlinedvariousconsiderationsthatcould

addresstheproblemsraisedbytheneedtoverifythecredentialsofapplicants

tothelabormobilityprogramsinTonga(andotherPacificIslandCountries).

ThisnewpaperprovidesdeeperresearchandcomprehensiveanalysisofDID

technology,providingadetailedtechnicaloverviewandexploringitsapplications

andpotentialfordevelopment.

1“DecentralizedIdentifiers(DIDs)v1.0”,

/TR/did-core/

I.

ANABCOFDID:

APRIMER

T

heSelf-SovereignIdentity(SSI)isamanagementtechnologythatallowsausertostoretheirpersonalinformationintheirowndeviceandsubmitonlythedatanecessaryforauthenticationofpersonalinformation.Itisastructureinwhichindividualsmanagetheirowndatadirectly.Thisisbuiltonaconceptthatallowsverificationwithoutgoingthroughacentralizedinstitution,anditcanbeusedinvarioussituationswhereauthenticationisrequired.TheSSItechnologycanbedevelopedonblockchainsystems,whicharebasedondistributedledgertechnology(DLT).Althoughitdoesnotnecessarilyhavetobeimplementedusingblockchain,thelatteriseminentlysuitableforSSIinviewofadditionaladvantagessuchasverifiabilitywithoutintegrationbetweencredentialissuerandverifier(cross-domaininteroperability).

TheSSIconceptwasfirstintroducedbyChristopherAllenin2016inhisarticle,“ThePathtoSelf-SovereignIdentity”.1Hementioned10principlesofdigitalidentityandself-sovereignty(listedbelow)andinsiststhatusersshouldretaincontrolovertheuseofdigitalidentities.SSIcanbeimplementedasDecentralizedIdentifier(DID)andVerifiableCredentials(VC)—twocorecomponentsofSSI.DIDisanidentifierusedtoidentifyapersonoranobjectbasedonaVerifiableDataRegistry(VDR),andVCembodiesdigitalcredentialsthatrepresentspecificclaimsaboutorattributesofanindividual.

TABLE1:

10PRINCIPLESOFDIGITALIDENTITY

PRINCIPLEDESCRIPTION(EFFECT)

Existence

Theindividualhasanindependentexistence

Control

Controlsownidentity

Access

Hasaccesstoowndata

Transparency

Systemsandalgorithmsaretransparent

Persistence

Identitiesarelong-lived

Portability

Informationandrelatedservicesaretransportable

Interoperability

Identitiesareaswidelyusableaspossible

Consent

Individualagreestotheuseoftheiridentity

Minimalization

Disclosureofclaimsisminimized

Protection

Therightsofusersareprotected

1ChristopherAllen,2016,“ThePathtoSelf-SovereignIdentity”,

/2016/04/the-path-to-self-soverereign-

identity.html

8EmergingTechnologiesCurationSeries|DecentralizedIdentifier(DID)

I.AnABCofDID:APrimer9

VERIFIER

VerifiesVCs

HOLDER

Acquires,stores,SendPresentation

IssueCredentials

presentsVCs

FIGURE1:

THEROLEOFINFORMATIONFLOWS

ISSUER

IssuesVCs

RegisterIdentifiersanduseSchemas

VerifyIdentifiersanduseSchemas

VerifyIdentifiers

anduseSchemas

VERIFIABLEDATAREGISTRY

Maintainsidentifiersandschemas

Source:

ThefollowingtwoelementsarerequiredtoimplementSSIintheonlineworld.

1.IdentifierandVC:AnidentifiertoprovethatIam“therealme”.

2.IdentityData:InformationthatpresentsandprovestheinformationandattributesIhave.

FIGURE2:

ANEXAMPLEOFDECENTRALIZEDIDENTIFIER(DID)

Source:

ThecaseoftheidentifierisimplementedasaDID(DecentralizedIdentifier)andisbeingstudied.Recently,theDIDv1.0hasattainedofficialstatusasaW3Cstandard.2TheDIDconsistsofthreeparts,asfollows:

1.TheURI(UniformResourceIdentifier)scheme:Forexample,http/https,and

DID.ThelistofURIsismanagedbyIANA(InternetAssignedNumbersAuthority)3

2.TheDIDmethod:AdefinitionofhowaspecificDIDmethodschemeisimplemented.ThenewDIDmethodcanalsobedesigned,andexplicitlydefinedinitsownspecification,toenableinteroperabilitybetweendifferentimplemen-tationsofthesameDIDmethod.Currently,thefollowingtablesshowsomeexamplesoftheDIDmethod.

2“DecentralizedIdentifiers(DIDs)v1.0”,

/TR/did-core/

3IANA,“UniformResourceIdentifier(URI)Schemes”,/assignments/uri-schemes/uri-schemes.xhtml

TABLE2:

EXAMPLESOFTHEDIDMETHODANDITSREGISTRY

DIDMETHOD

REGISTRY

btcr

Bitcoin(ChristoperAllen,RyanGrant,KimHamiltonDuffy)

celo

Celo(OntologyFoundation)

corda

Corda(NiteshSolanki,MoritzPlatt,PranavKirtani)

etho

Ethereum(OntologyFoundation)

icon

ICON(ICONLOOP)

klay

Klaytn(OntologyFoundation)

factom

Factom(FactomInc.)

trustbloc

HyperledgerFabric(SecureKey)

ipid

IPFS(TranSendX)

iota

IOTA(IOTAFoundation)

dual

Ethereum(SmartIDCardAlliance)

3.TheDIDmethod-specificidentifier:AnidentifierisauniquereferencetoallowlocatingtheDIDdocument,whichisasetofdatadescribingtheDIDsubject.Usually,theDIDdocumentsarewritteninastructuredformat,forexample,JSON.ThetablebelowshowsanexampleofDIDdocuments.

TABLE3:

EXAMPLEDIDDOCUMENTINJSONFORMAT

{

“id”:“did:example:123456789abcdefghi”,

“authentication”:[{

“id”:“did:example:123456789abcdefghi#keys-1”,“type”:“Ed25519VerificationKey2018”,“controller”:“did:example:123456789abcdefghi”,“publicKeyBase58”:“H3C2AVvLMv6gmMNam3uVAjZpfkc-

JCwDwnZn6z3wXmqPV”

}]

}

10EmergingTechnologiesCurationSeries|DecentralizedIdentifier(DID)

I.AnABCofDID:APrimer11

DIDdocumentsareatypeofdigitaldocumentusedtoidentifyandauthenticateindividualsorentitiesinadecentralizedmannerusingcryptographictechnology.ADIDdocumenttypicallyconsistsofseveraldifferentpropertiesasfollows:

<PROPERTIESINDIDDOCUMENT>

PROPERTYDESCRIPTION

context

AspecifiedcontextthatdefinesthestructureandcontentoftheDIDdocumentasaspecifictypeofidentitydocument.

id

Aunique,decentralizedwaytoidentifyandauthenticateindividualsorentitiesinadigitalcontext.

publicKey

Acomponentmightcontainapublickeythatisusedtoverifytheauthen-ticityofadigitalsignature,oritmightcontainacertificatethatisissuedbyatrustedthirdpartytoverifytheidentityoftheentityrepresentedbytheDIDdocument.

authentication

Anarrayofobjects,eachofwhichrepresentsaspecificmethodthatcanbeusedtoauthenticatetheentity.

service

AservicethatcaninteractwithDIDSubject,itenablessearchanduseofservicesprovidedbyDIDSubjectthroughserviceendpointitems.

controller

AnentitythatisauthorizedtomakechangestoaDIDdocument.WhenacontrollerpropertyispresentinaDIDdocument,itsvalueexpressesoneormoreDIDs.

II.

THEEVOLUTION

OFDIGITAL

IDENTITYAND

THEADVANTAGES

BROUGHTBYDID

TECHNOLOGY

TheThreeModelsof

DigitalIdentity

MostonlineidentitiesarebasedonIDsandpasswords.AusersignsupforeachwebservicebycreatinganIDandpasswordforsubsequentusewheneverloggingin(toauthenticatetheuser’sidentity).Duringtheprocessofsigningup,theuser’spersonalinformationisstoredinthewebservice.Thisisknownasthecentralizedidentity.ItsmainfeatureisthattheusermustcreateadifferentIDandpasswordforeachservice—becauseifausercreatedthesameIDandpasswordforalltheirservices,anattackerwhoobtainedtheuser’sIDandpasswordcouldtherebygainaccesstotheentiretyoftheuser’sservices.Theproblemhere—atleast,formostpeople,withaveragepowersofrecall—hasbeenthedifficultyofmanaginganextensive,andmostprobablyexpanding,setofIDsandpasswordsforthevariousservicestheyuse.

Asolutionthatemergedwasthefederatedidentity,knownasSingleSign-On(SSO).Thisisamethodofloggingintoathird-partywebservicethroughaccountauthenticationviasocialmediaorwebmail.Thususerscanloginwiththeirexistingaccountswithouthavingtocreateanaccountforeachnewservice.Forexample,yourGmailaccountorTwitteraccount,knownastheIdentityProvider(IdP),canbeusedtologintothird-partywebservices,knownastheRelyingParty(RP).Toimplementthesemechanisms,OpenAuthentication(OAuth),andSecurityAssertionMarkupLanguage(SAML)areused.

Thethirdalternativeistheuser-centric/decentralizedidentity,wherebythebulkofpersonalinformationisstoredontheuser’sside,withonlynecessarypersonalinformationprovidedtoeachservice.Withthisthirdmodel,personalinformationisnotstoredinthewebservice,andthereislessriskofdataleakage.Becausetheuserownsthedata,noonecanaccessitwithouttheuser’sconsent.4Inotherwords,becausetheuser’spersonaldataisstoredtheirowndevice—notstoredinthecentralizedonehostserverdatabase—theriskofaserverbeinghackedandmillionsofusers’personalinformationbeinginstantlycompromisedisnolongerapotentialworry.

FIGURE3:

THREEMODELSOFDIGITALIDENTITY

CENTRALIZED

FEDERATED

USERCENTRIC/

DECENTRALIZED

Sourcehttps://uracle.blog/2020/09/11/did/

4AnnaJohnson,“TrinsicBasics:TheThreeModelsofDigitalIdentity”,

https://trinsic.id/the-three-models-of-digital-identity/

II.TheEvolutionofDigitalIdentityandTheAdvantagesBroughtbyDIDTechnology13

AdvantagesofDID

Technology

SECURITYANDPRIVACY

DIDtechnologyisamodelthatimprovespersonalinformationmanagementandauthenticationbasedontheself-sovereignidentitymodel.Inmostconventionalsystems,eachserviceproviderstoresallusers’personalinformationonitsservers.Ifanattacksucceeds,allusers’personalinformationcanbeleakedatastroke.Aseriesofwidelypublicizedpersonalinformationleakageeventshasnaturallyledtointenseinterestinpersonalinformationprotection.In2016,Uberhadmorethan50millionitemsofpersonalinformationleaked,includingemailaddresses,cellphonenumbers,andthedriver’slicensenumbersof600,000drivers.Uberconcealedthisfactforayear,andsubsequentlyhadtopayafineofUS$148milliondollars.5AsimilarincidenthitFacebookin2019,withtheleakageofpersonalinformationofmorethan530millionusers.Thebreachedpersonalinformation,suchascellphonenumber,fullnames,locations,andemailaddresseswerepublishedonlinebythecybercriminal.Thisbreachofuserprivacyresultedina$5billionfinefromtheUSFederalTradeCommission.6

However,DIDtechnologycanprovideamethodtomitigatethiskindofriskbyprovidingasecureapproachtomanagingpersonaldataintheindividual’sdeviceinsteadofasinglehostserver.Bystoringpersonalinformationinanencryptedstateinasafeareaunderyourindividualcontrol,youcanfurtherenhanceprivacyandreduceanydamagecausedbycyberattacks—providingthatyourdeviceissecuredandmanagedproperlyinthefirstplace.

CONVENIENCEANDBUSINESSEFFICIENCY

DIDTechnologyincreasesefficiencyforusersbyremovingtheroleofmultipleinstitutions—eachissuingaseparatecertificate—andthusreducestheburdenofprovidingunnecessarypersonalinformationtothirdparties.

Forexample,ausermustsubmittheirpersonalinformationtoabanktoopenanaccount.Ataminimum,thepersonaldatarequiredisname,companyname,age,andaddress.IntheexistingIDsystem,theusershouldreceiveacertificateofemploymentissuedbythecompanyandsubmitittothebank.Giventhatthiscertificateonlycarriestheuser’sname,companyname,jobtitle,andposition,thebankalsorequiresageandaddress.Therefore,usersmustinadditionsubmitacopyoftheirpassport,residentregistrationcardorequivalent(showingageandaddress).However,bysubmittingthetwodifferentcertificatestothebank,unnecessarypersonalinformation,jobtitle,andpositionaresharedwiththebank.

5SteveSymanovich,2021,“UberDataBreachAffects57MillionRiderandDriverAccounts”,/learn/data-breaches/uber-data-breach-affects-57-million-rider-and-driver-accounts

6JulianaGruenwaldHenderson,2019,“FTCImposes$5BillionPenaltyandSweepingNewPrivacyRestrictionsonFacebook“,https:///news-events/news/press-releases/2019/07/ftc-imposes-5-billion-penalty-sweeping-new-privacy-restrictions-facebook

14EmergingTechnologiesCurationSeries|DecentralizedIdentifier(DID)

FIGURE4:

VERIFIABLEPRESENTATION(VP)FORSUBMISSIONTOTHEBANK

Name

Companyname

Jobtitle

Position

CERTIFICATEOF

EMPLOYMENT

Name

Age

Address

REGISTRATION

CARD

Name

Companyname

Age

Address

IDFORTHEBANK

Informationthatthebankrequires

ByutilizingtheVCtechnology,theusercanreceiveauthenticationbyselectingandsubmittingonlytheage,address,company,andnamethatthebankrequires.Inotherwords,thenewIDwillbegeneratedbyselectingtherequiredinformation.ThegeneratedIDiscalledverifiablepresentation.Fromtheuser’spointofview,thereisnoneedtovisitdifferentinstitutionstoobtainadditionalcertificates.Inaddition,thereisnoburdenofsubmittingunnecessarypersonalinformationtoathirdparty.

II.TheEvolutionofDigitalIdentityandTheAdvantagesBroughtbyDIDTechnology15

III.

DIDTECHNOLOGY

INKOREA

III.DIDTechnologyinKorea17

PublicSectorInitiatives

PUBLICINVESTMENTINDIDTECHNOLOGY

In2021,theMinistryofScienceandICTdecidedtoprovideatotalofKRW11.4billionforablockchainpilotprojectwiththeKoreaInternet&SecurityAgency.Aspartofthe2020“DigitalNewDeal”and“BlockchainTechnologyExpansionStrategy”,thisisaprojecttosupporttheearlyapplicationandspreadofblockchaintechnologytotheeconomyandsocietyandtoinnovatepublicservices.Asaresult,atotalof149companiesproposedpilotprojectsusingblockchaintechnology,fromwhich15pilotprojectswereselected.Amongthem,projectsrelatedtoDIDtechnologyareasshowninthetablebelow(thenumberofDIDtechnologypilotprojectsincreasednoticeablycomparedtothepreviousyear).7

TABLE4: DIDTECHNOLOGYPILOTPROJECTSSUPPORTEDIN2020AND2021 BYTHEMINISTRYOFSCIENCEANDICT

PARTICIPATING

YEARPROJECTINSTITUTIONDESCRIPTION

2020

DecentralizedIdentifier

(DID-based)localpublicserviceplatform

RaonSecureInc.

Improvingtheconvenienceofusinglocalpublicservicesandreducingsocialcoststhroughtheestab-lishmentofaDID-basedcitizenauthenticationserviceplatform

2021

Blockchain-baseddangerousstructuresafetydiagnosisplatform

CityLabsInc.

SecuringreliabilityofinclinationandvibrationdataofdangerousstructureswithInternetofThingsdetectorsequippedwithDistributedIdentity(DID)

2021

Blockchain-basedonlinenationalpensionentitlementconfirmationsystempilotproject

DreamSecurityInc.

Blockchain·DecentralizedIdentifier(DID)·FIDO·

Usingfacialrecognitiontechnologytosubmitevidencewithoutpaperdocumentswhensubmittingconfir-mationdocumentsfornationalpensionentitlementtooverseasrecipientsofthenationalpension

2021

Sailorcertificationserviceusingblockchain-baseddecentralizedidentifier(DID)

EdinetInc.

Issuanceofasailorqualificationcertificatethroughonlineauthenti-cation

7과학기술정보통신부,“2021년블록체인시범사업과제선정및추진”,https://www.msit.go.kr/bbs/view.do?%20sCode=user&mId=113&m-Pid=112&pageIndex=&bbsSeqNo=94&nttSeqNo=3180285&searchOpt=ALL&searchTxt

PARTICIPATING

YEARPROJECTINSTITUTIONDESCRIPTION

2021

IntensiveDIDconstructionprojectforonline-to-of-fline(O2O)deliverserviceecosystem

CoinplugInc.

Establishmentofidentificationsystemforonlineandofflinepartic-ipantssuchasorderer,deliverers,andaffiliates

2021

Developmentofonlineshareholders’meetingsystemusingDIDauthen-tication

KoreaVotingInc.

Encouragingmarginalizedminorityshareholderstoparticipateinthegeneralshareholders’meetingandstrengtheningtheexerciseoftheirvotingrightsthroughtheexpansionofonlineshareholders’meetings

2021

DID-basedmobiletrans-portationcardissuancetailoredtoconsumersandunmannedconveniencestoreaccess

CoinPlugInc.

DemonstrationoftransportationwelfareplatformthroughcustomizedtransportationcardissuanceanddevelopmentofDID-basedunmannedconveniencestoreaccessservicetoreducecardissuancecostandidentificationtime

TheMinistryofSMEsandStartupsprovidesR&DsupportforthetechnologydevelopmentofSMEseveryyear.In2021,thetotalbudgetforthiswasroughlyKRW1.8trillionKRW(about20percentmorethan2020,andincreasingyearly).TheR&DprojectsrelatedtoDIDtechnologyareshowninthetablebelow.8,9

TABLE5: DIDTECHNOLOGYPILOTPROJECTSSUPPORTEDIN2020AND2021 BYTHEMINISTRYOFSMESANDSTARTUPS

PARTICIPATING

YEARPROJECTINSTITUTIONDESCRIPTION

2021BlockchainDID-based

protocolparticipantnon-face-to-faceauthen-ticationandpseud-onymizationorder

CoinPlugInc.

EstablishanewMyKeePin-basedparticipantauthenticationsystemandaneworder/deliverybrokerageplatform,andconductapilotlaunchintheYulhadistrict,ademonstrationarea

2021Developmentofcompan-

ion-animalinsuranceautomaticclaimsystemusingblockchainDIDtechnology

DigiinInc.

Establishmentofacompanion-animalDIDecosystemusingnotonlydescriptivedatabutalsoanimalregistrationnumbersandveterinarianconfirmationatveterinaryhospitals

8NTIS,“NationalR&DPortal”,https://www.ntis.go.kr/

9중소벤처기업부,“2021년기술개발1조7,229억원지원”,https://eiec.kdi.re.kr/policy/materialView.do?num=208610&topic=L&pp=20&date-count=&recommend=&pg=

18EmergingTechnologiesCurationSeries|DecentralizedIdentifier(DID)

III.DIDTechnologyinKorea19

PARTICIPATING

YEARPROJECTINSTITUTIONDESCRIPTION

2021

Developmentofblock-chain-basedsmartdoorlockopeningdeviceandauthenticationsystemforemergencyandrescueofelderlypeoplelivingaloneandsingle-personhouseholds

I&CTInc.

Presentinganewsolutionbasedonblockchainforhomeentryinemergencysituations(inthecontextofthesocialproblemsofagingandtherapidlyincreasingnumberofelderlypeoplelivingalone)

2020

Blockchain-basedCold

ChainTrustPlatform

SayinfoInc.

BlockchainPlatformforDIDforAutonomousSovereignIdentityVerifi-cationofIOTSensors

2020

Self-sovereignauthen-ticationsystemthroughhardware-basedblockchainandfacerecognition

AMInc.

Algorithmandhardwaredevelopmentforfacerecognition-basedidentityrecognitionforfaceauthenticationsystem,identityauthenticationblockchainserverandlinkedAPIdevelopment,self-sovereignidentityauthenticationapplicationandSDKdevelopment

2020

Accesscontrolauthenti-cationsystemusingblock-chain-baseddistributedID

ICONLOOP

DevelopmentofDIDcoreenginesoftwareandconstructionofhardwaresystemtoprovideblockchain-baseddistributedidentityverificationservice

PUBLICSERVICEUSINGDIDTECHNOLOGY

ThegovernmentofSouthKorealeveragesDIDtechnologytoincreaseconvenienceofaccesstovariouspublicservices.ThisnoteaddressessomeofthemajorexamplesinKorea.

TheMilitaryManpowerAdministration(MMA)

InJanuary2020,theMMAofferedaservice,thefirstofitskindbyapublicinstitute,thatallowsidentityverificationwiththe“MMAAuthentication”apponasmartphonewithoutanofficialcertificate.Inthisway,itcanreducetheproblemofelicitinganofficialcertificatefromotherauthorities,becauseitallowsuserstoaccessvariousMMAservicesusingonlyasmartphone.Thisgroundbreakinginitiativegrewoutofthe2019pilotprojectonbudgetsupportforblockchaininpublicleadership.10

InFebruary2022,thiswasfurtherdeveloped,andablockchain-basedmilitaryelectronicwalletservicewasimplemented.Previously,thishadbeenlimitedtoveryfewMMAservices,suchasapplicationsforactive-dutys