土木工程专业英语

土木工程专业英语第一篇：土木工程专业英语水力学hydraulics水泥cement桁架truss沥青bitumen混凝土concrete强度strength非线性nonlinear桩pile刚性rigid隧道tunnel砾石gravel柱子column力force位移displacement线性的linear砂浆mortar弹性elastic塑性plastic沉降settlement弯矩moment扭矩torque剪力shear正应力normalstress路面pavement钢筋混凝土reinforcedconcrete抗拉强度tensilestrength抗压强度compressivestrength土木工程civilengineering岩体力学rockmassmechanics粒径graindiameter容许应力allowablestress土力学soilmechanics斜拉桥cablestayedbridge悬索桥suspensionbridge中性面neutralplane水灰比water-cementratio民用建筑civilarchitecture地质成因geologicorigin临界截面chokingsection岩土工程geotechnicalengineering屈服点yieldpoint横截面(transverse)crosssection安全系数safetyfactor抗剪强度shearstrength反复试验trialanderror预应力混凝土priestessedconcrete先张法pretensioningconcrete后张法post-tensioningconcrete土质勘测soilinvestiagation在这两种应力中，前者是压应力，后者是拉应力。Thesetwokindsofstress,theformerisacompressivestress,whichisthetensilestress.许多情况下可能会指派土木工程师参与其他项目的工作。Inmanycases,civilengineersmaybeassignedtoengagedintheworkofotherprojects.需要强调数学、力学、计算机技术在土木工程应用中的重要性。Itshouldbestressedthatmathematics,mechanicsandcomputerapplicationsincivilengineeringisimportance.钢材和混凝土是桥梁建筑的基本材料，混凝土的主要缺点是抗拉强度很低。Basicmaterialsaresteelandconcretebridgeconstruction,themaindisadvantageisthelowtensilestrengthofconcrete.混凝土的抗压强度是水泥、骨料、水及混合料中所含的各种添加剂的用量所控制。它们主要用于大型水坝，在大坝中它们能减少水泥硬化时释放出的热量。Theyaremainlyusedforlargedams;damsintheheattheycanreducecementhardeningrelease.Theyaremainlyusedforlargedams,thedaminwhichtheycanreducehardeningofthecementwhentheheatrelease.水力学hydraulics水泥cement桁架truss沥青bitumen混凝土concrete强度strength非线性nonlinear桩pile刚性rigid隧道tunnel砾石gravel柱子column力force位移displacement线性的linear砂浆mortar弹性elastic塑性plastic沉降settlement弯矩moment扭矩torque剪力shear正应力normalstress路面pavement钢筋混凝土reinforcedconcrete抗拉强度tensilestrength抗压强度compressivestrength土木工程civilengineering岩体力学rockmassmechanics粒径graindiameter容许应力allowablestress土力学soilmechanics斜拉桥cablestayedbridge悬索桥suspensionbridge中性面neutralplane水灰比water-cementratio民用建筑civilarchitecture地质成因geologicorigin临界截面chokingsection岩土工程geotechnicalengineering屈服点yieldpoint横截面(transverse)crosssection安全系数safetyfactor抗剪强度shearstrength反复试验trialanderror预应力混凝土priestessedconcrete先张法pretensioningconcrete后张法post-tensioningconcrete土质勘测soilinvestiagation在这两种应力中，前者是压应力，后者是拉应力。Thesetwokindsofstress,theformerisacompressivestress,whichisthetensilestress.许多情况下可能会指派土木工程师参与其他项目的工作。Inmanycases,civilengineersmaybeassignedtoengagedintheworkofotherprojects.需要强调数学、力学、计算机技术在土木工程应用中的重要性。Itshouldbestressedthatmathematics,mechanicsandcomputerapplicationsincivilengineeringisimportance.钢材和混凝土是桥梁建筑的基本材料，混凝土的主要缺点是抗拉强度很低。Basicmaterialsaresteelandconcretebridgeconstruction,themaindisadvantageisthelowtensilestrengthofconcrete.混凝土的抗压强度是水泥、骨料、水及混合料中所含的各种添加剂的用量所控制。它们主要用于大型水坝，在大坝中它们能减少水泥硬化时释放出的热量。Theyaremainlyusedforlargedams;damsintheheattheycanreducecementhardeningrelease.Theyaremainlyusedforlargedams,thedaminwhichtheycanreducehardeningofthecementwhentheheatrelease.水力学hydraulics水泥cement桁架truss沥青bitumen混凝土concrete强度strength非线性nonlinear桩pile刚性rigid隧道tunnel砾石gravel柱子column力force位移displacement线性的linear砂浆mortar弹性elastic塑性plastic沉降settlement弯矩moment扭矩torque剪力shear正应力normalstress路面pavement钢筋混凝土reinforcedconcrete抗拉强度tensilestrength抗压强度compressivestrength土木工程civilengineering岩体力学rockmassmechanics粒径graindiameter容许应力allowablestress土力学soilmechanics斜拉桥cablestayedbridge悬索桥suspensionbridge中性面neutralplane水灰比water-cementratio民用建筑civilarchitecture地质成因geologicorigin临界截面chokingsection岩土工程geotechnicalengineering屈服点yieldpoint横截面(transverse)crosssection安全系数safetyfactor抗剪强度shearstrength反复试验trialanderror预应力混凝土priestessedconcrete先张法pretensioningconcrete后张法post-tensioningconcrete土质勘测soilinvestiagation在这两种应力中，前者是压应力，后者是拉应力。Thesetwokindsofstress,theformerisacompressivestress,whichisthetensilestress.许多情况下可能会指派土木工程师参与其他项目的工作。Inmanycases,civilengineersmaybeassignedtoengagedintheworkofotherprojects.需要强调数学、力学、计算机技术在土木工程应用中的重要性。Itshouldbestressedthatmathematics,mechanicsandcomputerapplicationsincivilengineeringisimportance.钢材和混凝土是桥梁建筑的基本材料，混凝土的主要缺点是抗拉强度很低。Basicmaterialsaresteelandconcretebridgeconstruction,themaindisadvantageisthelowtensilestrengthofconcrete.混凝土的抗压强度是水泥、骨料、水及混合料中所含的各种添加剂的用量所控制。它们主要用于大型水坝，在大坝中它们能减少水泥硬化时释放出的热量。Theyaremainlyusedforlargedams;damsintheheattheycanreducecementhardeningrelease.Theyaremainlyusedforlargedams,thedaminwhichtheycanreducehardeningofthecementwhentheheatrelease.第二篇：土木工程专业英语土木工程专业英语土木工程civilengineering钢结构steelstruture钢筋混凝土结构reinforcedconcretestructure钢结构设计规范Codefordesignofsteelstructurereinforcedconcretebeds钢筋混凝土地基reinforcedconcretefooting钢筋混凝土基脚reinforcedconcretecanopy钢筋混凝土顶盖reinforcedconcretefoundation钢筋混凝土基础reinforcedconcretepile钢筋混凝土桩reinforcedconcreteplate钢筋混凝土板reinforcedconcreteTbeam钢筋混凝土T形梁reinforcement加强加固reinforcingrib加紧肋reinforcingmesh钢筋网reinforcingrod钢筋,钢筋条reinforcingagent增强剂reinforcingbars配筋梁beam/girder柱column吊杆post框架frame初步设计preliminarydesign强度strength承载能力load-carryingcapacity脆断brittlefracture强度标准值characteristicvalueofstrength强度设计值designvalueofstrength一阶弹性分析firstorderelasticanalysis二阶弹性分析secondorderelasticanalysis屈曲buckling腹板屈曲后强度post-bucklingstrengthofwebplate第三篇：土木工程专业英语学习心得土木工程专业英语学习心得专业英语是在大学基础英语之后结合专业知识进一步提高学生英语水平而设置的一门主干课程，是大学英语和研究生英语教学中一个重要的环节。当前，科学技术发展迅速，科技信息发达，能够直接及时地获取专业信息、掌握专业发展动态是工程技术人员和科研人员需要具备的基本能力，进行各种涉外合作和学术交流都要求专业人员熟练掌握专业英语。因此，培养阅读理解和翻译英文专业文献的能力，培养专业英语的写作能力和一定的语言交际能力都是非常重要的。1专业词汇的学习1.1通过构词法学习专业词汇从构词法的角度来解析土木工程专业词汇的来龙去脉，便于记忆单词，扩大词汇量。1.2通过具体语言环境学习专业词汇简单重复记忆某个专业词汇是一种方法，但显得枯燥，记忆效果往往不佳，容易忘记。如果把专业词汇融入具体的语言环境中，词汇的记忆一般长久牢固，不容易忘记。实现这种方法的途径就是大量阅读专业英语材料。1.3通过写作学习词汇在拥有一定的词汇量以后，写作表达或口语表达都能促进词汇的学习。2翻译技能的学习翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。2.1掌握翻译的基本理论知识翻译是一门学科，经过千百年来翻译家的共同努力，已经在语言学、文学、文化、心理学、人类学、哲学和教育学等学科的基础上初步建立了一套理论体系，并在具体实践中总结出了一套行之有效的跨文化和语言转换模式。2.2掌握专业英语的常用句式结构科技文章的特点是严谨周密，概念准确，逻辑性强，行文简练，重点突出，它有常用的句式结构。2.3进行翻译实践练习翻译是一项创造性的语言活动，具有很强的实践性。2.4通过阅读提高翻译能力阅读和翻译能力的提高是互相促进的，读得越多掌握的专业词汇与专业知识就越多，有助于翻译能力的提高。口语表达能力的提高专业英语口语表达与日常英语口语表达不同的地方就是其具有专业性，可以通过以下方法循序渐进练习。3.1大声朗读专业英语材料大声反复地朗读专业英语材料，锻炼英语的发音，语调与节奏，培养语感，使口腔各发音部位灵活，提高口语表达能力，并增加对专业词汇的熟悉程度。3.2设立场景进行实际训练3~5人组成一组，设立实际场景扮演不同的角色进行练习。3.3多参加以英语为媒介的专题讲座在学校或涉外工作中，经常有以英语为媒介的幻灯片讲座，多参加并积极询问，增加和外国人面对面交流的机会，也就是多增加应用专业英语的机会，这样可以促进专业英语的口语表达能力的提高。第四篇：土木工程专业英语1PlumbingIngeneral,plumbingreferstothesystemofpipes,fixtures,andotherapparatususedinsideabuildingforsupplyingwaterandremovingliquidandwaterbornewasters.Inpratice,thetermincludesstormwaterorroofdrainageandexteriorsystemcomponentsconnectingtoasourcesuchasapublicwatersystemorapointofdisposalsuchaspublicsewersystemoradomesticseptictankorcesspool.Thepurposeofplumbingsystemsis,basically,tibringinto,anddistributewithin,abuildingasupllyofsafewatertobeusedfordrinkingpurposesandtocollectanddisposeofpollutedandcontaminatedwastewaterfromthevariousreceptaclesonthepremiseswithouthazardtothehealthofoccupants.Codes,regulations,andtradepraticesaredesignedtokeepthewatersystemseparatedfromdrainagesystems;topreventtheintroductionofharmfulmaterialsuchaschemicals,micro-organisms,anddirt;andtothekeepthewatersystemsafeunderalloperatingconditions.Theseprotectivecodesalsoaredesignedtopreventfloodingofdrainagelines,provideventingofdangerousgases,andeliminateopportunitiesforbackflowofdangerouswastewaterintothewatersystem.Itisessentialthatdisease-producingorganismsandharmfulchemicalsbeconfinedtothedrainagesystem.SincethetimeofMosesmanhasbeencautionedtodisposeofhiswastessafely,andcleanlinesshasbeenrelatedtotheavailabilityotwaterandassociatedwithsocialcoustom.Earlymanoftenlivednearawatersourcethatservedashiswatersupplyanddrainagesysteminone.Itwasalsohisbath.Latrine-likereceptacleswithcrudedrainshavebeenfoundinexcavationsintheOrkneyIslandsofNeolithicstonehutsatleast10,000yearsold.Bothawatersystemandpipingusedasdrainagefashionedofterra-cottapipewerepartoftheroyalpalaceofMinosinCrete,about2000BC.Thepalacealsohadalatrinewithwater-flushingreservoiranddrainage.NothingcomparabletoitwasdevelopedinEuropeuntilthe18thcentury.Eventheequipmentofthemodernbathroom,thoughmuchimprovedwithhotandcoldwaterunderpressureandlesscrudeprovisionsfordrainage,isinconceptlittledifferentfromtheMinoanversion.Itwasoutuntiltheendofthe19thcenturythatadvanceinplumbingpracticeweregivenseriousattentionasanintegralpartofhousing.Abuildingplumbingsystemincludestwocomponents,thepipingthatbringspotablewaterintothebuildinganddistributesittoallfixturesandwateroutletsandthepipingthatcollectsthewaterafteruseanddrainsittoapointofsafedisposal.Watersystems.Whenabuildingisservedbyapublicwatersystem,theplumbingbeginsattheserviceconnectionsrequiredtomakewateravailableatoutletsservingthefixturesorequipmentwithinthebuilding.Manypremisesinruralareasarenotservedbypublicwatersupply.Thesemayincludeprivatedwellings,apartmenthouses,hotels,commercialcentres,hospitals,institutions,factories,roadsidestands,andrestaurants.Publicwatersupplieshavesurfacewaterorgroundwaterastheirsources.Largewatersystemarealmostentirelysuppliedwithsurfacewater.Insmallercommunitiesandincertainareasgroundwaterisobtainedfromwellsorsprings.Independentsemipublic,industrial,andprivate-premisewatersystemsfrequentlytakewaterfromwellsonthepremisebutmay,undercertaincondtionsdrawwaterfromaspring,lake,orstream.Publicwatersystemssupplytreatedwatermeetingpublicwater-supplydrinking-waterstandards.Private-premisesystemsareexpectedtoprovidewaterofequalquality,andtodosotheprivatesystemrequiresawater-treatmentplantincludingchlorinationasaminimunandpossiblysedimentation(settlingoutofsolidparticles)chemicaltreatment,primarilyforsoftening,andfiltration.Waterissuppliedtofixturesandoutletsunderpressureprovidedbypumpsorelevatedstoragetanksorboth.Insomeinstallationsapumpcontrolledbyapressure-activatedswitchonapressurizedstoragetanktakeswaterfromawellandpumpsuntiltheupperlimitotpressureforthesystemhasbeenreached.Ifwaterisbeingusedattherateitisbeingpumped.,thepumpoperatescontinuously.Elevatedstoragetanksareusuallyequippedwithhigh-andlow-level-floatcontrolswitchestoactivatethepump.Whenthetankgetsloethepumpstartsandcontinuespumpinguntilthetankisfull.AstoragetankmaybeconstructedasillustratedinFig.1,oritmaybelocatedontheroofofahighbuilding.Waterfromthetankfeedsthedistributionsystembygravity.Waterflowingthroughpipescausesalossofheadduetofriction.Sincebuildingpipingsystemsaredesignedtodeliverwaterattherequiredoutletpressure,pipesizeisacriticalvariable.Plumbingcodeshavetablesandgraphstoshowtypicalwaterdemandsoffixturesandoutletsinabuilding.Iftherequiredwaterdemandisnotmetbecauseofundersizedpipingorunderpoweredpumping,thepressuredopsandsomeoutletsmayhavelittleornowaterflow.Pumpingcodesusuallyspecifypressureandratesofflowforthefixturesinabuilding.Thetotalamountofwaterthatmaybeneededtosupplythedemandcanbecalculatedfromtablesoffixturewaterdemand.Minimumpipesizesfordifferentfixtureinabuildingarespecifiedinplumbingcodes.Sinceitisuneconomicaltodesignawaterpipingsystemthatwouldprovideflowwithalloutletsopensimultaneously,judgmentandexperienceareusedtodeterminetheprobablemaximumsimultaneousdemand.Averagedailywaterrequirementsvaryaccordingtothetypeofpremisesbeingserved.Asingle-familydwellingunitaveragesfrom20to100gallons(80to400litres)perday.Apartmenthouseoccupantsuseless.Specialuserssuchashospitalsandindustriesusuallyrequirefargreaterallowances.DrainageSystems.Drainageofresidentialbuildingincludesthecollectionofsanitarywastesandroofdrainage.Thesanitarywastesarecollectedinsoilpipesandstacksusuallymadeofcastiron,althoughcertainportionsofconnectingpipemaybegalvanizediron.Whencorrosiveliquidsarecollected,asinlaboratoriesandindustrialplants,thesystemmayincludeplasticorglasspipesorcoatedpiping.Thejoints,bends,tees,elbows,wyes,andmanyotherspecialfittingsaredesignedtocarryawaywasteswithouthavingobstructionsinthepipeorcreatingcondtionsthatwillcausecloggingifsomelargeobjectisdroppedintoafixtureorareceptacle.Cleanoutsandreceptacleoutletsareprovidedwithscreensorgratingstopreventtheentryofcloggingmaterials.Theentirepipingsystemissizedsothatthesmallestsizeisatthefixtureoutlet.Plumbingcodesspecifytheminimumsizesfordrainageconnectionsandthestandardsapplicabletoallpipeandfittingmaterials.Normallyallbuildingdrainageisconstructedsothatwastewaterflowsbygravitytothemainhousedrain.Thehousedrainisusuallyconnectedoutsidethebuildingtoagravity-flowhousesewerthatleadstoapublicseweronapointoftreatment.Inlargebuildingssuchasapartmenthouse,commercialbuildings,hospitals,andindustrialplants,thehousedrainmaybelowerthanthepointofdischarge.Wastesarethendischargedtoasump,orstoragepit,andallofthebuildingdrainageisliftedbypumpsorpneumaticejectorstoapointofdischargetotheexteriorsewersystem.Theseliftingdevicesemptywaterfromthestoragesumponacyclingbasisactivatedbyfloatcontrolsthatpreventfloodingofthestoragearea.Suchunitsareusuallyinstalledinduplicateandoftenhavealternatesourcesofpowersuchasadiesel-orgasoline-powergeneratorforemergencypumping.Roofdrainageiscollectedinguttersandleadersandtakenbyappropriatepipingtoapointofdischargepermittedbylaw.Isolateddwellingsmaydraintosurroundingground,whilelargerbuildingshaveadrainagesystemsimilartothesanitarysystemthatconnectsintoapublicstorm-watersewersystem.Homedisposalsystemsareusedinruralareas.Thehousedrainisconnectedtoaseptictankwithatiledrainagefieldortoacesspool.Theseptictankremovesheavysolidmaterialsfromthewaste,andtheeffluentortreatedwaterisallowedtopercolateintothesoilthroughburied,speciallyconstructed,rock-filledtrenchesoverwhichtileswithopenjointsarelaid.Enoughtrenchmustbeconstructedtoallowpercolationwithoutfloodingthesurfaceoftheground.Theeffluentfromseptictankscontainsdisease-causingbacteriaandcannotbeallowedtoflowdirectlyintostreamsorundergroundwaters.Healthcodesandregulationsspecifythesizesofhomedisposalunitsandcontrolthedischargeofeffluent.Premisesoftenhaveotherwaterusesincludingswimmingpools(bothoutdoorandindoor),ornamentalpools,fishpools,andfountains,Theserequirewaterandarepartoftheplumbingsystem.Sinceswimming-poolwateriseasilycontaminatedbybathers,itmusteitherbereplacedfrequentlyorfiltered,chlorinated,andrecirculated.第五篇：土木工程专业英语重要单词Structuraldesign;结构分析structuralscheme；结构体系Configuration；布置projectrequirement;工程要求Spacing;间距Fiber-reinforcedcomposite;纤维增强复合材料Strength-to-weightratio;强重比underclearance;桥下净空structuralscheme；结构体系Configuration；布置Allowablestress;允许应力restraint;约束，buckle;压曲Tension,compression,flexure(bending),shear,torsion(twist)拉压弯剪扭Headroom;净空Cross-section；断面，断面图Fiber-reinforcedconcrete；纤维增强混凝土sag;挠度fiberglass;玻璃纤维