优质课件第三课时

Unit

10I’ve

had

this

bike

for

threeyears.现在完成时：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态。结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词一般疑问句：have/has…?Yes, I

have.

No,

I

haven’t.Yes,shehas.No,shehasn’t.1.

现在完成时动词构成have/has+v

过去分词助动词否定haven’thasn’t疑问Have

you…?Has

he…?常与下列时间状语连用：just,already,yet,ever,never,before,

several

times现在完成时动词构成：have/has+v过去分词连用。I have

just had

my

breakfast.(现在我不饿)moved

herehavienb2r0e0a4kfastI’mI

sntoiltl

hliuvenghreyrenow2.过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for或since引起的一段时间状语连用。I have

lived

here

for

three

years.I

have

lived

here

since

2004/three

years

ago.past

now1.过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。和already，never,ever,just,before,yet等状语2.

现在完成时动词可以表示开始于过去持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态。I

have

studied

English

since

last

year.我从去年开始学习英语。She

has

lived

in

Beijing

for

five

years.她住在北京已经五年了。注意:come,

go,leave,

arrive,

buy,lose,

receive,join,die,bury和marry等动词所表示的动作是一时的,不能延续的,故不能与for…,since…

等开头的表示一段时间的状语连用。不过,这些词用于否定句则可以与表示持续的时间状语连用，即动作的不发生是可以持续的。3.现在完成时把过去的动作和现在的结果联系起来，一般过去时只限于表示过去的动作本身,与现在的结果无关。现在完成时与一般过去时在意义上的区别举例如下：I

have

cleanedmy

room.

(My

room

is

clean

now.)我已经打扫过我的房间了。I

cleaned

my

room

last

week.

(I

did

it

in

thepast.)我上周打扫了我的房间。Father

has

gone

to

Amoy.(He

went

to

Amoy

andhe

is

not

here

now.)

爸爸已经去厦门了。They

have

bought

a

dictionary.

(They

boughta

dictionary

and

they

have

itnow.)他们买了一本字典。注意:现在完成时不能和明确指出时间的状语

(如:yesterday,last,

year,in

1976,

two

daysago,

just

now,when

she

came

in

等)连用，

但可以和不明确指出时间的状语(如:already,yet,

ever,never,sometimes,always,

often,before,

once,twice,recently,lately等)连用；也可以和表示包括现在在内的时间状语(如：today,this

morning,this

week,this

year等)连用。现在完成时句中常见的时间状语A.表示从过去一直持续到现在,不能是具体的过去时间。(1).for+表示一段时间的短语(2).since+表示过去时间点的词语(3).since+表示过去时间的时间状语从句eg.I

have

been

a

teacher

for

a

year.He

has

been

at

this

school

since

1992.We

have

learned

1,000

English

words

since

wecametothisschool.B.

just,

already,yet,

before/ever,never有此类副词时,常强调动作完成,不强调动作的持续.e.g.

Haveyou

ever

been

to

Japan?I

have

just

finishedmyhomework.

I

have

finished

my

homework

already.I

haven’t

finished

my

homework

yet

.already

“已经”

;

yet

“仍然,

还”这两个副词常常用于完成时态,其中already

常用于肯定句,yet常用于否定句和疑问句中。如:Jim

has

already

finished

his

work.Jim已经把他的工作做完了。Mother

hasn’t

come

home

yet.

妈妈还没回来。Haven’t

you

read

The

Call

of

the

Wild

yet?你还没读过《野性的呼唤》吗？现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：现在完成时：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的h影a响ve或/结h果as，+或V从过过去去分开词始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态，强调的是现在的情况，不

能和表示过去的时间状语连用（如：in

1990，lastSunday等）。一般过去时：一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系（即动作或状态在现在已经结束），它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。现在完成时表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如：Haveyoureadthatstory？你读过那个故事吗？（“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是：是否知道故事的内容。）I

have

bought

two

apples．我买了两个苹果。（“买”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的结果是：拥有两个苹果。）4.

在现在完成时中ever,never,just,already,yet在用法和意思上有什么区别？在学习这一概念的同时，还应注意常与现在完成时连用的几个副词：already,

just,

ever,

yet,never等。already,

just多用于肯定句中，ever,yet,

never多用于疑问句和否定句中。如：I

have

already

finished

my

homework．我已经做完家庭作业了。Hehas

just

had

hismeal．他刚吃过饭。Have

you

ever

sung

this

English

song？你曾唱过这首英文歌吗？They

haven‘t

started

yet.

他们还没有身。We

have

never

heard

of

it．我们从来没有听说过这件事。(1).

Have(has)beenin意为“已经在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。

Mr.Brown

has

been

in

Shanghai

for

three

days.布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。They

have

been

in

Canada

for

fiveyears.他们到加拿大有五年了。5.

have

been

in,have

been

to

与have

gone

to的用法(2).Have(has)beento意为“曾经去过某地”，表示现在已经不在那里了。可与just,

ever,never

等连用。如：I’ve

just

beento

the

postoffice.我刚才去邮局了。Have

you

ever

been

to

Hangzhou?你曾经去过杭州吗？Mary

has

never

been

to

the

Great

Wall.玛丽从未去过长城。Have(has)

beento后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。如：I've

been

to

Beijing

three

times.我去过北京三次。They

have

been

to

that

village

several

times.他们去过那个村庄好几次了。Have(has)goneto意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、二人称代词作主语。

如:—Where

is

Tom?汤姆在哪里？—Hehas

gone

to

thebookshop.他到书店去了。例如：He

has

gone

toHong

Kong.他到香港去了。(他已前往香港,或在途中,或已到达。说话人暗示他现在不在现场)He

has

been

to

Hong

Kong.

他曾到过香港。(说话人认为他过去到过香港,现在已不在该地。言外之意他对香港有所了解)How

long

have

you

hadthat

bike

over

there?I'vehad

itfor

threeyears.How

long

has

his

sonowned

the

train

andrailwayset?He’s

owned

it

since

hisfourth

birthday.Have

you

ever

playedfootball?Yes,

I

did

when

Iwaslittle,

but

I

haven'tplayed

for

a

while

now.Grammar

Focusfor

和since

在现在完成时中的应用for与since都能与现在完成时连用，但区别较大：for后须接“时间段”He

has

studied

English

for

five

years.他学英语5年了。since后须接“时间点”He

has

studied

English

since

1999.他从1999年开始学英语。（3）二者可以转换for+一段时间=since+一段时间+agoHe

has

been

here

for

five

weeks.=

He

has

been

here

since

five

weeks

ago.他到这儿已经有五个星期了。(4)

since能引导时间状语从句(主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时)，而for则不能。如：He

has

taught

here

since

he

came

to

China.自从他来到中国就在这儿教书。We

have

been

friends

since

we

met

in

school.我们从在学校见面起就成为了好朋友。（5）现在完成时常用句型：①It

is

(has

been)+时间段+since+时间状语或从句It

is

four

days

since

lastFriday.从上周五到现在已经四天了。It

has

been

two

years

since

Jim

came

to

Beijing.吉姆来北京已经两年了。②This

is

the

first

(second…)time

that+从句句型中的that从句通常使用现在完成时。如：This

is

the

first

time

that

Jenny

and

Dannyhave

been

toChina.这是珍妮和丹妮第一次来屮国。This

is

the

third

time

that

I

have

seenKaren.这是我第三次见到Karen。（6）均须与延续性动词连用，也可以与非延续性动词的否定式连用。如:I

have

bought

this

computer

since

four

yearsago.(×)I

have

had

this

computer

sincefour

years

ago.

(√)I

haven’t

bought

anything

for

two

months.(√

)I

haven't

heard

from

him

for

3

weeks.

(√)非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换leave—be

awayborrow

—

keepbuy

—havebegin/start

—

be

ondie

—be

deadfinish

---

be

overopen

sth

—

keep

sth

openfall

ill—be

illgetup—be

up,come

here—be

here,join—be

on+组织机构/be

a

member

组织机构,go

there

—

be

there, e

—be,come

back—be

back,fall

asleep

—

beasleep,get

to/

arrive/reach

—

be

(in),leave

—be

away

from,get

to

know

—know,go

(get)

out

—tie

out，put

on—wear,catchacold—haveacold,getmarried—bemarried

等。如：The

old

man

died

4

yearsago.—

The

old

man

has

been

dead

for

4

years.Itis4

yearssincethe

old

man

died.—Four

yearshas

passed

since

the

old

man

died.He

joined

the

Party2

years

ago.—He

has

been

in

the

Party

for

2

years.I

bought

the

book

5

daysago.—I

have

had

the

book

for

5

days.（7）二者引出的时间状语往往用how

long提问。—How

long

have

you

had

this

book?这本书你买多久了?—For

a

week./Since

a

week

ago.买一周了。4a Rewrite

the

sentences

using

for

or

since.Jim

is

in

Japan.

He

arrived

there

three

daysago.

Jim

has

been

in

Japan

for

three

days.

They

are

veryhungry.

Their

last

meal

wasten

hoursago. They

are

very

hungry

because

they

haven’t

had

their

meal

for

tenhours.

I

have

a

camera.I

bought

itin2009.

I

have

had

a

camerasince

2009.

I

know

Anna.

Ifirst

mether

three

yearsago.

I

haveknown

Anna

for

three

years.

Linda

is

ill.

She

became

ill

on

Monday. Linda

has

been

ill

since

Monday

.

选择for或since填空：I

have

been

here

since

five

monthsago.

He

has

been

a

soldier

for

about

twomonths.Great

changes

have

taken

place

since

youleft.His

grandpa

has

been

dead

for

tenyears.

I

have

studied

English

since

I

was

12yearsold.

Itistwoyears

since

I

became

apostgraduate

student.A.

has

gone

away

fromC.

has

been

away

fromB.

has

leftD.

went

away练习题:It's

a

long

time

since

we

met

(meet)

last,

isn’t

it?--I

know

you

have

chosen

(choose)

a

picture

book among

these.--Yes,

Have

a

look

at

it,

please.So

far,

spaceships

without

people

have

reached(reach)the

moon

and

some

other

parts

of

the

universe.My

father

C

home

for

nearly

three

weeks.5.

Mr.

and

Mrs.

Greenhave

A

inChinafor

aweek.A.

been B.

got C.

arrived D.

reached4b Fill

in

the

blanks

with

the

correct

formsof

the

verbs

in

brackets.I

have

never

been

(never

be)

to

thewaterpark

before.

I

want

to

go

(go)

next

monthbefore

the

weather

gets

too

cold.They

ha