动词-ed分词的用法讲解

动词-ed分词的用法一、基本概念1.分词的定义1.动词的-ed分词即过去分词，是由动词的过去分词构成，一般只有一种形式。2.过去分词的语法作用：过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词（相当于被动语），在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。1)过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。如：Don’ttouchtheglassbecauseitisbroken.不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的（它是被打坏的）。Heisquitepleasedwiththedesignofthedress.她很喜欢那礼服的式样。2)过去分词做定语：单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面，相当于一个定语从句。如：Theexcitedpeoplerushedintothebuilding.激动的人们奔进了大楼。（excitedpeople被激动了的人）Weneedmorequalifiedteachers.我们需要更多合格的教师。（被资质认证过的老师，或经过资质认证的老师。）过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面，相当于一个定语从句。如：Isthereanythingplannedfortomorrow?明天有什么活动吗?Thesuggestionmadebytheforeignexpertwasadoptedbythemanager.外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。如：Thebooks,writtenbyLuXun,arepopularwithmanyChinesepeople.这些书是鲁迅写的，受到了许多中国人民的喜爱。Themeeting,attendedbyonethousandstudents,wasasuccess.这次会议获得很大的成功，共有一千个学生出席了。3)过去分词做状语：-ed分词和-ing分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。①表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。如：Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylookedlikeabiggarden.从山顶上看，这个城市就像一个大花园。AcceptedbytheParty,hedecidedtodevotehislifetothecauseoftheParty.入党以后，他决定献身于党的事业。②表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：Deeplymovedbythestory,theexcitedpeoplestoppedquarrellingwitheachother.激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了，停止了争吵。Encouragedbythespeech,theyoungpeoplemadeuptheirmindstotakeupthestruggle.受到了讲演的鼓舞，年轻人决定起来从事斗争。③表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if等词。如：Givenanotherchance,hewilldobetter.再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。Comparedwithyourbrother,youshouldmakegreatereffortstostudyEnglish.和你哥哥相比，你应该更加努力学习英语。Ifheated,watercanbeturnedintosteam.水如果被加热，会变成水蒸气。④表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。如：Exhaustedbytherunning,theywentonrunningaftertherobber.尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。Laughedatbymanypeople,hecontinuedhisstudy.尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。⑤表方式或伴随情况。如：Theoldmanwentintotheroom,supportedbyhiswife.那个老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。Seatedatthetable,myfatherandIweretalkingaboutmyjob.我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题。4)过去分词作补足语：过去分词可以在see,hear,notice,watch,find,get,have,feel,make,leave,keep等词后与一名词或代词构成复合宾语，用作宾语补语。如：Whenwillyougotothehospitalandhaveyourtoothexamined?专项练习1．(1)_____fromthetopoftheTVtower,andwecangetabeautifulsightofmostofthecity.(2)_____fromthetopoftheTVtower,wecangetabeautifulsightofmostofthecity.A.ToseeB.SeenC.SeeingD.See2.Allthings_____,theplannedtripwillhavetobecalledoff.A.beconsideredB.consideringC.havingconsideredD.considered3.______thebigsnake,thelittlegirlstoodunderthetree_____outofherlife.A.Saw;frightenedB.Seen;frightenedC.Tosee;frighteningD.Seeing;frightened4.Generallyspeaking,______accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.A.WhentakingB.whentakenC.whentotakeD.whentobetaken5.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce______nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.beginsB.begunC.beginningD.havingbegun6._____in1613,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStated.A.beingfoundedB.FoundedC.ItwasfoundedD.Founding7.IfyougotoXi’an,youwillfindthepalacestheremoremagnificentthancommonly_____.

A.supposedB.supposingC.tosupposeD.suppose8._____moreattention,thetreecouldhavegrownbetter.A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven9.Inordernottobedisturbed,Ispentthreehours_____inmystudy.A.lockingB.tolockC.lockedD.beinglocked10._____withthesizeofthewholeearth,thehighestmountaindoesnotseemhighatall.A.WhencomparedB.CompareC.WhilecomparingD.Comparing11.Mrs.Bushstood______foramomentwhenanoldsoldiersuddenlyappearedbeforeher.A.surprisedB.surprisingC.beingsurprisedD.tobesurprised12.____aloneinthedarkroom,thelittleboywassofrightenedastocry.A.LeavingB.LeftC.TobeleftD.Havingleft13._____tocompletethejobontime,theysetouttoworkimmediately.A.BeingdeterminedB.Onhavingdetermined

C.DeterminedD.Tobedetermined14.______inafriendlyway,theirquarrelcametoanend.A.BeingsettledB.HavingsettledC.SettledD.Settling15.Hemustbeangry,forweheardtheglass____onthefloor.A.beingbrokenB.breakC.tobebreakD.broken16.YoucanflytotheUKthismorning_____youdon’tmindchangingplanesinHongKong.A.becauseB.providedC.unlessD.sofaras17._____inthisway,thesituationdoesn’tseemsodisappointing.A.TolookB.LookingatC.LookedatD.Tobelookedat18._____inarecentsciencecompetition,thethreestudentswe