交通大学远程教育――大学英语课后练习题及答案

Unit1PartTwo:ReadandPracticeReadandThinkII.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.1.WhatarethemaintypeofairPollution?An.:Theseincludesmog,acidrain,thegreenhouseeffect,and\2.WhereAn.:Theexhaustcomesfromburningfuelsinautomobiles,homes,andindustries.3.WhyistheamountofcarbondioxideintheaircontinuingtoAn.:Carbondioxideisproducedwhenfuelsareburned.Plantsconvertcarbondioxidebacktooxygen,butthereleaseofcarbondioxidefromhumanactivitiesishigherthantheworld'splantscanprocess.Thesituationismadeworsesincemanyoftheearth'sforestsarebeingremoved,andplantlifeisbeingdamagedbyacidrain.4.Canpollutantsbecreatedbyindooractivities?An.:Yes.Somepollutantscanbecreatedbyindooractivitiessuchassmokingandcooking.5.Whatisthefirststeptosolveairpollution?An.:Thefirststeptosolveairpollutionisassessment.III.Putinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.Thereareseveralmaintypesofpollutionandwell-knowneffectsofpollution.Onetypeofairpollutionisthereleaseofparticlesintotheairfromburningfuelforenergy.Anothertypeofpollutionisthereleaseofharmfulgasesintheatmosphere,formingsmogandacidrain.Thegreenhouseeffectisalsoreferredtoasglobalwarming.Inmanycountriesintheworld,stepsarebeingtakentostopthedamagetoourenvironmentfromairpollution.Theyhavesetcontrolsonpollutionemissionsfortransportationvehiclesandindustryandwemustmeetthechallengeinordertoassurethatahealthyenvironmentwillexistforourselvesandourchildren.ReadandCompleteIV.Spellthefollowingwordswiththehelpoftheirmeaningsandfirstletters.1.essentiala.absolutelynecessary.Vitallynecessary2.substancen.thatwhichhasmassandoccupiesspace3.significanta.important;ofconsequence;havingorexpressingameaning4.well-beingn.acontentedstateorbeinghappyhealthyandprosperous5.exhaustn.gasesejectedfromanengineaswasteproducts6.convertv.tochangethenature,purpose,orfunctionofsomething7.reactionn.aprocessinwhichoneormoresubstancesarechangedintoothers8.derivev.toobtain;tocome9.consequencen.theoutcomeofaneventespeciallyasrelativetoanindividual10.exposuren.thestateofbeingputintoasituationinwhichsomethingharmfulordangerousmightaffectyouV.Completeeachofthefollowingstatementswiththewordsyouhavelearnedinthetext.1.Heexplainedthathisdelaywasduetoanaccident.2.Foreveryactionthereisanequalandoppositereaction.3.Thisisoneofthemostsignificantstudiesofthesubject.4.Thisgardenhasthebestcollectionofnativeplants.Inaddition,itcontainsnumeroustreesandflowersfromoverseas.5.Thepaintcameoffastheresultofexposuretotherain.VI.Fillintheblankswiththeproperwordsandexpressionsgivenbelow,changingtheformifnecessary.1.Werefertocopperandsilverasgoodconductors.2.Herepatienceisessential.3.Thecompanysupply,thechildreninthemountainareawithalotofbooks.4.Thesephenomenaareverycommonnow.5.TheseEnglishwordsderivefromGreek.6.Thestormcauseduntolddamagetothefarmer'sproduction.7.Theregioncontinuestosufferfromseriouspollution.8.Howdoyouconvertironintosteel?9.ClimatechangecouldhaveseriousconsequencesforAfrica.10.Theharmfulsubstancesreleasedintotheenvironment.VII.Wordbuilding.Nowadd-entoeachofthewordsbelowandthencompleteeachofthefollowingsentenceswithoneofthefinishedwords.Sharp-sharpen;deep-deepen;high-heighten;bright-brighten;short-shorten;broad-broaden;wide-widen;quick-quicken;dark-darken;long-lengthen.1.Johnglancedathiswatchandquickenedhispace.2.Theroadbroadenedintoanimposingavenuelastyear.3.HisexpressionbrightenedwhenImentionedthemoney.4.Thegapbetweenincomeandexpenditurehaswidenedto10%.5.Theyaretalkingaboutshorteningtheworkingweek.6.Thebadnewsdarkenedtheirviewofthesituation.7.It'sanopportunityforyoungpeopletodeepentheirunderstandingoftheworld.8.Theteacheradvisespupilstosharpenalltheirpencilsbeforethetest.9.Thedirectorusesmusictoheightentensioninthescene.10.Thedayslengthenedassummerapproached.VIII.PayattentiontotheitalicizedpartsintheEnglishsentencesandtranslatetheChinese1.示例：Airsuppliesuswithoxygenwhichisessentialforourbodiestolive.Treesandflowerscansupplyuswithfreshairandbeautifulview.这家译：Thetaskofthiscompanyistosupplythehomesaroundwithgas.Theysuppliedthepeopleintheflood-strickenareawithfoodaids.2.示例：Thistypeofpollutionissometimesreferredtoas"blackcarbon"pollution.HeisreferredtoasalivingShakespeare.他们称他是一位政治家。译：Theyreferredtohimasapolitician.译：Peoplewhoworkinofficesareusuallyrefertoas"whitecollarworkers".3.示例：Thesecantakepartinfurtherchemicalreactionsoncetheyareintheatmosphere,formingsmogandacidrain.Onceyoustart,youwillnevergiveup.译：Oncethemoneyhasgone,wecannotgobackhome.一旦出版，这本词典将译：Onceprinted,thisdictionarywillbeverypopular!4.示例：Onlythroughtheeffortsofscientists,businessleaders,legislators,andindividualscanwereducetheamountofairpollutionontheplanet.Onlyinabigcitywasitpossibletobuyanewwheelchair.孩子们只有译：Onlyafterthechildrengrewupcouldtheyunderstandtheirparents'译：Onlyatthetopofthemountaincanweseethebeautifulscenesofthewholecity.5.示例：Thischallengemustbemetbyallofusinordertoassurethatahealthyenvironmentwillexistforourselvesandourchildren.Nothingcan译：Heassuredmethathehadfinished.我可以向你保证这消息是可靠的。译：Icanassureyouofthereliabilityofthenews.IX.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1．我们为顾客提供各种优质商品。译：Wesupplyourcustomerswithavarietyofgoodswithhighquality.译：Properstepsshouldbetakentoprotectlocalenvironmentandhistory.3．只有用这种方式，你才能从你的错误中吸取教训。译：Onlyinthiswaycanyoulearnformyourmistakes.译：Airpollutionisabigprobleminlargecities,especiallyindevelopingcountries.译：Inaddition,inordertosolvethepollutionproblem,weshouldlimitthenumberofprivatecarswhileincreasethenumberofpublicbuses.X.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.Eachoftheseproblemshasseriouseffectsonourhealthandwell-beingaswellasonthewholeenvironment.2．Itiscausedbychemicalreactionsbetweenpollutantsderivedfromdifferentsources,primarilyautomobileexhaustandindustrialemissions.3．Inmanycountriesintheworld,stepsarebeingtakentostopthedamagetoourenvironmentfromairpollution.4．Citiesareoftencentersofthesetypesofactivities,andmanysufferfromtheeffectsofsmog,especiallyduringthewarmmonthsoftheyear.月中。5．Researchershaveinvestigatedoutdoorairpollutionandhavedevelopedstandardsformeasuringthetypeandamountofsomeseriousairpollutants.*Inthisexercise,thereisapassagefollowedbysomemultiple-choicequestions.Readthequestionsfirst,andthenthepassage.Don'tworryaboutanynewwordsaslongasyouunderstandthemeaningwellenoughtoanswerthequestions.Thenanswerthequestionsbymakingthebestchoiceforeachone.Oursurroundingsarebeingpollutedfasterthanthenatureandman'spresenteffortscannotpreventit.Timeisbringingusmorepeople,andmorepeoplewillbringusmoreindustry,morecars,largercities,andgrowinguseofman-madematerials.Whatcanexplainandsolvethisproblem?Thefactisthatthepollutioniscausedbyman―byhisdesireforamodernwayoflife.Wemake\oftenreadytooffereverything:cleanair,purewater,goodfood,ourhealthandthefutureofourchildren.Thereisaconstantflowofpeoplefromthecountrysideintothecities,eagerforthebenefitsofourmodernsociety.Butasourtechnologicalachievementshavegrowninthelasttwentyyears,pollutionhasbecomeaseriousproblem.Isittimewestoppedtoaskourselveswherewearegoingandwhy?Itmakesonethinkofthestoryabouttheairlinepilotwhotoldhispassengersovertheloud-speaker:\somegoodnewsandsomebadnews.Thegoodnewsisthatwe'remakingrapidprogressat530milesperhour.Thebadnewsisthatwe'relostanddon'tknowwherewe'regoing.\becomesatruestorywhenwespeakofourmodernsociety.1.Mancannotpreventtheworldfrombeingpollutedbecause____________.An.:C.wehavemoreindustry2.Peoplecrowdintothecitiesfor____________.An.:B.theyareanxioustoenjoytheachievementsofoursociety3.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoesmanvalue（看重）mostamongthefollowing?An.:A.Industry.4.Thestoryabouttheairlinepilottellsusthat____________.An.:D.thewriterisworriedaboutthefutureofoursociety5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?An.:B.Lowerthespeedofdevelopmenttostoppollut