新标准大学英语综合教程4教师用书(外研社)1

新标准大学英语综合教程4教师用书(外研社)HandoutsandKeytobook4unit1-4Unit1Activereading(1)Lookingforajobafteruniversity?First,getoffthesofaBackgroundinformationAboutthepassage:ThisisanarticlebyanEducationCorrespondent,AlexandraBlair,publishedinSeptember2008inTheTimes,along-establishedBritishqualitynewspaper.InEuropegenerally,andinBritaininparticular,foranumberofyearstherehasbeenarisingnumberofstudentswhogotouniversityandthereforemorenewgraduatesseekingemployment.However,formanygraduatesfindingajobbecameharderin2008C2009becausetheeconomicdownturnCthenarecessionCmeantthatmanyemployerswerereducingtheirworkforce.Aftertheirfinalexams,somestudentsrestedinthesummerbeforelookingforjobsandthentheyfoundthatitwasdifficulttofindemploymentintheirfieldorattheleveltheywanted.Thearticleaddressestheproblemsofsuchnewgraduateswhomightbestuckathomeandadvisestheirparentstobetherefortheirchildren(ietobeavailableiftheirchildrenwanttotalkabouttheproblemoriftheyneedhelp).Thearticlemendsfindingworkinabarorsupermarketratherthansittingunemployedathomesincethisismorelikelytoleadtobetteremploymentlater.Thestyleispartlyofareport,butalsoofahumorousmentforlightentertainment(seeninthejokeylanguageandproblem-solvingadvicetoparents).Whyfindingajobin2008issodifficultforuniversitygraduates?UniversitiesinEurope,particularlyinBritain,haveexpandedgreatlyinthelastfifteenyears(over45%ofyoungadultsnowgoontohighereducation),sotherearemoregraduateslookingforjobs.Thispetitivesituationbecamealotworsein2008onwardswiththecreditcrunchandeconomicdepression,whichmeantthat there were fewer jobs available and a rise inunemployment.Thusnewgraduateshavetobeactivetoseekajob,theyneedtofillinmanyapplicationformsandtrytogetjobinterviews:theywon’tfindemploymentbylyingonthesofaathome.Culturepointshonoursdegree:Traditionally,intheBritishuniversitysystem,BAandBSchonoursdegreesareawardedindifferentcategories:afirstclassdegree(writtenusingRomannumbersasI),asecond(dividedintotwosubcategories,writtenasIIiiandIIii,whicharecalled“atwoone”and“atwotwo”),athird(writtenIII)andapassdegree.Mostpeoplegetasecond.Therearealsoordinarydegreeswithmoregeneralcoursesofstudywithoutthesecategories.GenerationYandGrunt:ThemainideahereisthatthereisasuccessionofdifferentgenerationsorcohortsofadultswhoeintotheworkforceinNorthAmericawhicharegivendifferentinformalnamestocharacterizethem.First,“Babyboomers”wereborninthegreatincrease(theboom)ofbirthsafterWorldWarII(1946C1960),followedby“GenerationX”people(born1960C1980)whoweresaidtobringnewattitudesofbeingindependent,informal,entrepreneurial,andexpectedtogetskillsandhaveacareerbeforethem.“GenerationY”orthe“MillenialGeneration”(born1980sand1990sandingadultinthenewmillenium)arenowmakingupanincreasingpercentageoftheworkforce;theyaresaidtobespoiltbydotingparents,tohavestructuredlives,tobeusedtoteamworkanddiversepeopleinamulticulturalsociety.Inthepassage,thisgenerationisnowing(morphinginto)GenerationGrunt,whichisanironicnamereferringtorepetitive,lowstatus,routineormindlessworkCthismaybetheonlyworkavailabletosomegraduates,whomayhavetotakeveryordinaryjobstogetexperiencebeforetheyfindsomethingmoresuitable.“Grunt”alsoreferstocoarsebehaviourorbadmannersandtothedeepsoundthatismadebyapig;whenpeople“grunt”theyexpressdisgustbutdonotmunicatewithwordsCthismaybehowtheparentsofnewgraduatesthinktheirchildrenmunicatewiththem!AprehensivereferstoaBritishtypeofsecondaryschoolwhichbecamepopularinthe1960s.Beforethattherewereacademic“grammarschools”andmoregeneral“secondarymodern”schoolsforthosewhodidnotpassthegrammarschoolentrancetests,buttheprehensiveschoolsweredesignedforallstudentsinasocialphilosophyofbringingdiversestudentstogetherwhethertheywereacademicornot.Thosestudentswhowenttoaprehensiveschoolprobablyfeltthathadtostudyparticularlyhard(Iworkedmybacksideoff)togettouniversity,paredtothosewhowenttogrammarschoolswhereallstudentswereacademicprehensivestudentsfelttheyhadtostruggletogettouniversity.ChickensuitThisreferstoalargeyellowcostumethatsomeonewearswhichmakesthepersonlooklikeagiantchicken.Beforehebecameafamousactor,BradPittoncedressedinsuchacostumewhenhehadajobadvertisingforarestaurantcalledElPolloLoco(TheCrazyChicken’inSpanish)Cthejobmeantthathehadtowalkaroundthestreetslikeachickentoattractcustomerstoetotherestaurant.LanguagepointsThosememoriesofforkingoutthousandsofpoundsayearsothathecouldeatwellandgototheoddparty,begantofade.Untilnow.(Para1)Theparentspaidalotofmoneyfortheirson’suniversityfeesandlivingexpenses(sothathecouldeatwell)andforoccasionalsocialeventsCatgraduationthesememoriesofmoneyweremostlyforgottenbecausetheparentswereproud.Butnowtheparentsarethinkingofmoneyagainbecausethesondoesn’thaveajobanddoesn’tseemtobeactivelyseekingone.ThisformerscionofGenerationYhasmorphedovernightintoamemberofGenerationGrunt.(Para2)ThedistinguishedsonofGenerationX(oftheparents’generationwhoworkedhard,gotjobs,andhadgoodcareersandexpectedtheirsontodothesame)haschangedintoamemberofGenerationGruntChedoesn’tseemtomunicatemuch,liesaroundanddoesn’tgetajob(orcanonlydoalowstatusroutingjob).Ipassedtheexams,butattheinterviewstheyaccusedmeofbeingtoodetachedandtalkinginlanguagethatwastootechnocratic,whichIdidntthinkpossible,butobviouslyitis.(Para5)Hepassedtheentranceexamsforagovernmentpost,buthewascriticizedintheselectioninterviews:Theysaidhewasdetached(notpersonallyinvolved)andtootechnocratic(heusedthelanguageofatechnicalexpertorhighauthority).Asanewgraduateheprobablywantedtoshowhisexpertiseinhislanguagesohecan’tunderstandthiscriticism.Fortherestitis9-to-5“chilling”beforeheadingtothepub.(Para6)Theotherswhodonothavearoutinelowstatusjob(likestackinggoodsonasupermarketshelf)chilloutallday(theyspendtheirtimecasuallyrelaxingCtheydon’tlookforwork)andgotopubforadrinkintheevening.IwenttoaprehensiveandIworkedmybacksideofftogotoagooduniversity。(Para6)Hewenttoaschoolforstudentsofallabilities(nottoaspecialschoolforacademicstudents)andsohehadtoworkveryhardtoenteragooduniversity:YourbacksidemeansyourbottomCthepartofyourbodythatyousitonCtoworkyourbacksideoffisinformalanditmeansyouworkveryhardindeed.。buthavingworkedfull-timesinceleavingschoolherself,sheandherhusbandfindittrickytoadvisehimonhowtoproceed.(Para7)Themotherhasalwayshadafull-timejob(presumablythefatherisalsoworkingfull-time),soshedoesnothaverelevantpersonalexperience.Forher,itistrickytogiveadvice(difficulttodo).Carryonlifeasnormalanddontallowthemtoabuseyourbankaccountorsapyourreserveofemotionalenergy.(Para11)TheadvicefromGaelLindenfieldhereisthatparentsshouldliveasusual.Theyshouldneitherlettheirchildrenspendtheparents’moneyunnecessarily,norlettheproblemtakeawayalltheirenergyandemotions.Saptheirreservemeansuseuptheirstoreofemotionalenergy.8Afterthatthesonordaughterneedstobenudgedfirmlybackintothesaddle.(Para12)Thentheparentsshouldgentlypushtheirchildrenfirmlysothattheygetbackintocontroloftheirlives.Readingandunderstanding2Choosethebestanswertothequestions.TeachingtipsGooverthecorrectanswerswithSsandaskthemtoexplainwhytheotheranswersarewrong(Seebelow).1Whyhasn’tJackGoodwingotajobyet?Hedoesn’thaveaverygooddegree.(No,hehasa2:1whichisconsideredagooddegree.)Herefusestoapplyforjobswithlowsalaries.(Hefeelsheshouldgetabetterjobafterstudyingatuniversity.)(c)Itisn’teasytogetajobinthecurrentfinancialclimate.(Thismaybetruebutthepassagedoesnotmentionthis.)(d)Hepreferstostayathomeandhelphisfamily.(No,hedoesn’tseemtobehelpinghisfamily:hewatchesTVandtalkstofriends.)2Howdoeshespendatypicalday?Doingatemporaryjob.(No,someofhisfriendsareworkingintemporaryjobsbuthedoesn’twanttodothis.)Watchingtelevision.(HewatchesTValot.)Queuingupintheuniversitycareersservice.(No,hewentthereoncebuthedidn’twanttoqueuesohewalkedaway.)(d)Preparingforthenextjobinterview.(No,hedoesn’tseemtobepreparingforinterviews.)3Howdomostofhisfriendsspendtheday?(a)Theydonothingalldayandgotothepubintheevening.(Allexceptoneofthemdonothingexceptchill,thentheygotothepub.)(b)Theydooutdooractivitiessuchassailing.(No,noneofthemseemtodooutdooractivities;thereisnomentionofsailing.)Theyareforcedtoworkbytheirparents.(No,onlyoneofthemhasbeenforcedouttostackshelvesbyhisparents;theothersseemtobelikeJack.)Theydopart-timejobssuchasworkinginabar.(No,thetextmentionsbarworkbutnoneofJack’sfriendsseemtodothiswork.)4HowareJack’sparentshelpinghim?Bylookingforjobsforhim.(No,Jackhastriedtogetajobhimself;there’snothinghereabouthisparentshelpinghimlookforajob.)BypayingforatriptoSouthAmerica.(No,althoughheisgoingonathree-weektriptoSouthAmerica,thepassagedoesnotsaythatJack’sparentshavepaidforthis.)Bygraduallymakinghimmorefinanciallyaware.(Thepassagedoesnotsaysoexplicitly,butthisistheimplicationaboutthecut-offpointafterthetripwhenhemaybeexpectedtopayrentandcontributetothehouseholdbills.)Bythreateningtothrowhimoutofthehouse.(No,theyhaven’tthreatenedtodothis,buttheydefinitelywanthimtoworkafterhegetsbackfromhistrip.)5WhatdoesGaelLindenfieldsayaboutJack’sparents?TheyhavenotreallyunderstoodJack’sproblems.(No,shedoesn’tsaythis;shesaystheymustbalancebeingpositivewithnotmakinglifetoofortable.Thisdoesn’tmeantheyhaven’tunderstoodJack’sproblems.)TheyhavemadelifetoofortableforJack.(No,shesaystheymustbalancefortwithbeingpositive.Thisdoesn’tnecessarilymeanthattheyhavealreadymadelifetoofortableforJack.)Theapproachtheyhavechosenistherightone.(Shesaystheyhavestruckexactlytherightnote.)Theyneedhelpfromapsychologist.(No,shedoesn’tsaythis.)6WhatdoWhoopiGoldberg,BruceWillisandBradPitthaveinmon?(a)Theyalldidbarworkbeforegoingtouniversity.(No,wedon’tknowfromthepassageifanyofthemdidthis.)Theytookpartinprotestsagainstnuclearpowerplants.(No,wedon’tknowisanyofthemdidthis)Theylearnttoactbydressingupasgiantchickens.(No,onlyBradPittdidthis.)Theyalldidtemporaryjobsatonestageintheirlives.(Thisisright,althoughtheyallhadpletelydifferenttemporaryjobs.)DealingwithunfamiliarwordsMatchthewordsintheboxwiththeirdefinitions.tomakeprogressbymovingtothenextstageinaseriesofactionsorevents(proceed)theprocessofchangingfromonesituation,formorstatetoanother(transition)notfeelinginvolvedwithsomeoneorsomethinginacloseoremotionalway(detached)referringtosomethingwhichwillhappensoon(ing)tobesittingstillinapositionthatisnotupright(slump)toreturntoapreviousstateorwayofbehaving(revert)tosaywhathappened(recount)CompletetheparagraphwiththecorrectformofthewordsinActivity3.Itisn’teasytomakethe(1)transitionfromabusyuniversitystudenttoanunemployedyoungadult(2)slumpedonabarstoolorhalfwatchingamindlesstelevisionshow,wonderingifandhowtheircareerisgoingto(3)proceed.Manypeoplewhohaveexperiencedalongperiodofinactivitylikethis,when(4)recountinghowtheyfeltatthetime,refertothesamestrangepsychologicaleffect.Asthedayspass,theybegintofeel(5)detachedfromanysenseofpressuretogoandlookforajob,andtendtoregard(6)inginterviewsasiftheywerenotveryimportant.Typically,backathomeafterthreeorfouryearsaway,they(7)reverttooldhabits,startseeingoldfriends,and,inmanycases,edependentagainontheirparents.Replacetheunderlinedwordswiththecorrectformofthewordsinthebox.Youmayneedtomakeotherchanges.Iwenttoamixed-abilitysecondaryschooljustoutsideLondon.(prehensive)Igotstoppedbyapolicemanwhoaskedtoseemydrivinglicence.(cop)3HaveyouseenthisbeautifulfromtheairviewofOxford?(aerial)4Isabeltightlyherbagasshewalkeddownthecorridortowardstheoffice.(clutched)YoushouldspeaktoToby;he’sansupporterofflexibleworkinghours.(advocate)Ihurtmylegbadlyacoupleofmonthsago,anditstillhasn’tgotbetterpletely.(healed)Answerthequestionsaboutthewords.1Isadead-endjobonewith(a)excitingprospects,or(b)nofuture?2Isatrickyproblem(a)difficult,or(b)easytosolve?3Ifanactivitysapsallyourenergy,doyoufeel(a)tired,or(b)moreactivethanusual?Doesapushypersontryto(a)persuadeyoutodosomethingyoudon’twantto,or(b)helpyoubylisteningtowhatyouhavetosay?Ifyoufeelapathy,doyouwantto(a)changetheworld,or(b)stayathomeanddonothing?Answerthequestionsaboutthephrases.Isforkout(a)aformal,or(b)aninformalwayofsayingtopayforsomething?Ifyouareinthesameboatasanotherperson,areyou(a)makingthesamejourneytogether,or(b)inthesamedifficultorunpleasantsituation?Ifyoufeelyouhaveefullcircle,doyou(a)feelyouarebackwhereyoustarted,or(b)feelasenseofsatisfactionbecauseyouhavepletedsomething?Ifsomeonetakesasoftline,dotheydealwithaperson(a)inakindandsympatheticway,or(b)inalazywaywithoutmakingadecision?Ifyoustriketherightnoteaboutsomething,areyouexpressingyourself(a)well,or(b)badly?Ifyoudosomethingbyallmeans,doyou(a)tryyourbesttodoit,or(b)notcareaboutit?Ifyounudgesomeonebackintothesaddle,areyouencouragingthemto(a)takeresponsibilityagain,or(b)takeiteasy?Ifyoutalkthroughaproblemwithsomeone,doyou(a)examineitcarefullyandsensitively,or(b)refertoitquicklyandthenchangethesubject?Readingandinterpreting8Answerthequestions.“Willheevergetajob?”Whoisaskingthisquestion?Whatmooddoesitexpress?Theparentsareaskingthisbecausetheparagraphisaddressedtoparents(earlieritsays“yourgraduateson”).Themoodseemstoexpresspatienceorresignationbecausetheword“ever”suggeststhatgettingajobwilltakealongtime.WhodescribesGenerationYas“rebelswithoutacause”?Isitafairdescription?Thisisthewriter’sdescriptiontoindicatethatthisgenerationisrebellingagainstparentsorsociety,buttheyhavenothingparticulartorebelagainst.Thisdoesn’tseemveryfairbecausethestudentsaretryingtofindworkCitisjustthattheydon’tliketheirparentsnaggingthem.Sotheyareabitrebelliousagainsttheirparents,butnomorethanthat.Jack“walkedintotheuniversitycareersserviceandstraightbackoutagain”.WhatdoesthissuggestaboutJack’scharacter?ItsuggeststhatJackisnotverydetermined.Assoonashesawthequeueheleftwithoutwaitingandwithouttryingtoaskaboutjobsorcareers.Jackspentthesummer“hiding”.Hidingfromwhat?Whyarequotationmarksused?Probablythismeanshewashidingfromtheworldofwork,stayingathomeandnotlookingforajob.Thequotationmarkstellusthathewasn’tliterallyhiding,hejustspentalotoftimeathome.HowisMrsGoodwin’spointofviewaffectedbyherownpersonalexperience?Inonewayherexperiencehasn’taffectedherattitude:Sheleftschoolandwentimmediatelytoajob(withoutgoingtouniversity)andhasbeenworkingfull-timesincethenandyetsheissympatheticandtakesasoftline.HowisLindenfield’spointofviewaffectedbyherownpersonalexperience?Herpersonalexperiencewasthatsheworkedinabarbeforefindingherfirstproperjobasanaerialphotographicassistant.Soshesayssuchworkisagreatnetworkingopportunity.Ifnewgraduatesaregoodatsuchworkandbright,cheerfulandpolite,theywillsoonbepromoted.HerpersonalexperiencethusreflectsCorperhapshascreatedCherpointofview.Whatwouldthefirsttwoparagraphshavefocusedoniftheyhadbeenpresentedfromthepointofviewofthestudentsratherthantheparents?Thefirsttwoparagraphswouldhavefocusedontheneedforthenewgraduatestorestforabitaftertheirhardstudies.ItisOKforstudentstorelaxwiththeTVortosocializewithfriendsforawhile,thentheycanstartaserioussearchforemploymentafterthat.Activereading(2)IfyouaskmeBackgroundinformationThisisaninformalandpersonalizedaccountofaneconomicsgraduatewhogetsajobinapubforayearandthenhasanopportunitytobesuccessful(aluckybreak).SheworksinaLondonpubcalled“TheSalisbury”or“TheMarquisSalisbury”,namedaftersomeonewhowastheBritishPrimeMinisterthreetimesbetween1885and1902andwhosefamilyonceownedthepub’sland.The100yearoldpubisinLeadenhallStreet,justofftheCharingCrossRoadandLeicesterSquare.Daytimecustomerscangetapublunchandeveningcustomersincludemanyofficeworkersandtheatregoers(thepubisnearmanyWestEndtheatres).Theinteriorofthispubisdazzling,withlargemirrors,cutglassandamahoganydécor.Britishpubsareoftennamedafterfamouspeople(RobinHood,TheDukeofWellington)orroyalty(TheQueen’sArms,thePrinceofWales)orhistoricalsymbols(TheRoseandCrowntorepresentKingEdwardIII,TheRoyalOaktorepresentKingCharlesIIwhooncehidinalargeoaktree).Othernamesoftenincludecoloursandanimals(TheRedBull,TheBlackHorse,TheGoldenLion,TheSwan)orsymbolsoftraditionaltrades(TheCompassesforcarpenters,TheThreeHammersforblacksmiths,TheThreeTunsforwinemakers).Asthepubisasocialplacetomeetaswellasaplacetogetadrink,peopleoftenplaygameslikedominoesordartsorjoinaquizorpetition.Amonexpressionisto“godownthepub”or“goroundtothelocal”(bothmeaningtogotothelocalpub).CulturepointspubinLondon:Apubisaplacewherepeoplegoforadrinkandtomeetfriendsandsocialize.PeoplecanplaygamesCsuchasdarts,cards,dominoesCinapubandpubsoftenhavequiznights,withprizesforthewinners,andlivemusic(SeealsoBackgroundinformation)TheSalisburyisawell-knownpubincentralLondon(SeealsoBackgroundinformation)LondonSchoolofEconomicsisadistinguisheduniversityincentralLondon,famousforsocialsciences.LanguagepointsIfyouaskme,reallifeisnotallitscrackeduptobe.(Para1)Inmyopinion(Ifyouaskmeintroducesanopinion),reallifeisnoteverythingthatpeoplesayitis.Ifathingiscrackeduptobe,peoplenormallypraiseitbutintheopinionofthespeakertheyarewrong.。spendingmoneywhenyoudonthaveanyisdeadeasy.(Para7)Deadheremeansvery.Forexample,wecansaydeadtired(exhausted),adeadloss(apletelossoruseless),adeadweight(veryheavy,difficulttolift).Whatweretheoddsonanyonebeingsonice?(Para11)Whatarethechancesthatsomeonewouldbesonice?Thewriterisemphasizingherethatsuchkindnessisveryunusual.。lookingbackafteralltheseyears,youonlyneedoneortwobreaksinyourlifetosucceed.(Para13)Abreakheremeansachancetobesuccessful.Aluckybreakisanunexpectedopportunity.Readingandunderstanding2Choosethebestanswertothequestions.1Whatdidthewriterwanttodoafterfinishingherdegree?TodoanMAattheLondonSchoolofEconomics.Toearnsomemoneytopayoffherloan.Tostartworkingassoonaspossible.Toreturnhomeandhelphermother.2WhydidsheaskforajobinTheSalisbury?Shewashungryandthirsty.Shethoughtitwouldleadtobetterthings.Shewasafriendofthelandlord.Shehadtheideawhenshesawthelandlordworking.3Whatdidshebuywithherfirstsalary?Abunchofflowers.ACDandaplantfortheflatshelivedin.Ahamsandwichandaglassofbeer.Shedidn’thaveanymoneyleftafterpayingthebills.4WhydidTonygiveher20,000?Hefoundoutitwasherbirthdayandwantedtohelp.Hetrustedherandthoughtitwouldhelpher.Hewantedhertoleavethepubandworkforhim.Hewassecretlyinlovewithher.5Whatdidshedowiththemoney?SheusedittopayforhercourseattheLSE.Shelostalotofitinthe2008stockmarketcrash.SheinvesteditandpaidbackTonyandotherinvestors.Sheusedittostartherownbusiness.6WhywasTonypleasedwhensherepaidtheloan?(a)Hehadhadanaccidentandneededthemoneyforawheelchair.(b)Itmeantthathewouldbeabletoseeheragain.Itprovedthathehadbeenrighttoinvestinher.Shepaidbacktheloanwithalotofinterest.3Workinpairsandanswerthequestions.Whatdoweknowaboutthewriter’s:familybackground?Hermotherhadworkedhardfor15yearstosupporthereducationbutcouldn’taffordanyfurthersupport.Herfatherwasn’taroundmostofthetime.Hedidn’thaveanymoneybecausehespentitongamblingondogracingordrinkinginpubs.careerasastudent?ShehadagooddegreeineconomicsandwantedtostudyforamasterscourseattheLondonSchoolofEconomics.ambition?ShewantedtogetajobinfinanceorinvestmentsinLondonbecausethenshewouldbeabletouseherdegree.appreciationofotherpeople?SheappreciatedMike’sfriendlinesswithcustomersandhisskill,andsheappreciatedTonyasaniceperson;latersheappreciatedthetrustofTonyandhisfriendslovelife?Wedon’tknowmuchaboutthis,exceptthatshedoesn’tlikeboystohassleher.Shethinkstheyareimmature.financialexpertise?Itmustbequitegood:Sheinvestedthe20,000andmadeenoughprofittopaythemoneybackwithinterestandsetupherownpany.senseofresponsibility?Shehasastrongsenseofresponsibilitybecauseshepaidbackthemoneytotheinvestorsandpaidthemanannualinterestfortheloan.philosophyoflife?Shebelievesthatyoushouldworkhard;youmayneedoneortwobreakstosucceedbutyoushouldknowhowtousethebreaks.Youshouldbehonestandresponsiblewithpeoplewhotrustyou.Dealingwithunfamiliarwords4Matchthewordsintheboxwiththeirdefinitions.funnyorentertaining(amusing)usedforemphasizingthatsomethinggoodhashappened,especiallybecauseofgoodluck(fortunately)anamountofmoneythataperson,businessorcountryborrows,usuallyfromabank(loan)totakeanamountornumberfromatotal(deduct)themostexciting,impressive,orinterestingpartofanevent(highlight)toshowthatyouunderstandsomeone’sproblems(sympathize)7needingalotoftime,ability,andenergy(demanding)5CompletetheconversationwiththecorrectformofthewordsinActivity4.TeachingtipsWhenSshavepletedtheblankswiththecorrectformoftheappropriatewords,askthemtopracticereadingthedialogue,tryingtomaketheirreadingsoundasconversationalaspossible.Chooseapairtoperformtheirreadingtotheclass.Theclasslistensandgivestheperformingpairaratingonascaleof1-10forfluencyandnaturalness.Afterthreeyearsatuniversity,I’mnowquiteheavilyindebt.I(1)sympathizewithyou,Iknowwhatit’sliketohavefinancialproblems.But(2)fortunatelyIdidn’tneedtotakeoutastudent(3)loanwhenIwasatuniversity,becauseIhadapart-timejob.Whatdidyoudo?Iworkedinarestaurantatweekends.Thatmusthavebeenvery(4)demanding.Yes,itwas.Ihadtogettherightbalancebetweenworkandstudy.Buttheotherpeoplewhoworkedthereweregoodfuntobewith,soitwasquite(5)amusingtoo.The(6)highlightoftheweekendwasalwaysSaturdaynightwhenweworkedovertime.ButIdon’texpectyoumadealotofmoney?No,therewasn’tmuchafterthey’d(7)deductedtaxandpensioncontributions.Butitwasenoughtokeepmegoing.6Replacetheunderlinedwordswiththecorrectformofthewordsinthebox.Youmayneedtomakeotherchanges.1WhenIwasatcollegeIkeptallmypersonalthingsinanoldcupboard.2Alotofpeoplewholeaveuniversitybeforegettingadegreeendupingoodjobs.Ithinkshe’llgetagooddegree,butIwouldn’triskmymoneyontheexactresult.ThemoneyIspentatcollegewasmorethanwhatIearnedinmypart-timejob.Thechancesofmybeingofferedajobafterthatinterviewmustbequiteremote.Ourbusinesshasdoneverywellsincewechangedouradvertising.7Ithinktellingthetruthandnotcheatingisalwaysthebestpolicy.Key:(1)belongings(2)dropouts(3)gamble(4)exceeded(5)odds(6)hasthrived(7)honesty7Answerthequestionsaboutthewordsandexpressions.Ifsomethingisnotallit’scrackeduptobe,isit(a)validandinteresting,or(b)justalittlebitdisappointing?Ifsomeonekeepsbangingonaboutsomething,areyoulikelytobe(a)interestedin,or(b)boredbywhattheysay?Ifthereisalotofhassleinyourlife,areyoulikelytofeel(a)stressed,or(b)relaxed?Ifsomethinghappensoutoftheblue,isit(a)unexpected,or(b)partofyourplan?Ifyousayyouendedupinaparticularjob,doyousuggestthat(a)youhavefulfilledyourambition,or(b)ithappenedalmostbychance?Aretheregularsinapub(a)thecustomerswhoeveryoften,or(b)thefoodthepuboffersmostoften?Ifsomethingisdeadeasy,isit(a)veryeasy,or(b)noteasyatall?8Ifyoutreatsomeonetosomething,doyou(a)buysomethingniceforthem,or(b)behavebadlytothem?9Ifyoucheeraplaceup,doyou(a)maketheplacelookbrighter,or(b)makethepeopleintheplacehappier?Readingandinterpreting8Lookatthesentencesfromthepassageandidentifythestylefeatures.1Twelveyearsatschoolandthreeyearsatuniversity,teachersbangingonaboutopportunitiesinthebigwideworldbeyondourshelteredlifeasstudents,andwhatdoIfind?Thisshowstheinformalityofanpletesentenceinthefirstpart,theuseofaninformalexpression(bangingon)anda