背单字的捷径

课程结构四级改革．动词词组与短语相关练习形近词同义词近义词比较背单词，四级考点四级词汇分段记忆记忆单词的方法与捷径科学背单词I.關於四級的改革2005年6月18日是舊題型的最後一次考試2006年1月和6月不是試點院校的學院還參加舊題型的考試。2007年1月正式的四級改革開始實行詞匯與結構改革後不直接考了,而在閱讀、聽力、寫作、完型等題型中去考

“如果沒有語法就很難表達思想，那麼，沒有詞彙就什麼也不能表達。”----D.A.Wilkins詞彙是語言的建築材料，是學習語言的根本（聽、說、讀、寫、譯）。改革後的新試題，題量大，閱讀量大，需要掌握的詞彙量也大。無論考不考詞彙，單詞都必須背!

BACKII.如何背單詞、四級考點4200-4500個單詞及這些詞構成的常用片語(1000左右)背單詞的過程中要抓住四級出題規律，背誦高頻詞彙。非核心:1800-2000單詞(中學已經掌握)核心:常出現的是2000-2500個單詞

BACK四級詞彙分段記憶出現頻率特別高（10個字母）

a:ab-/ac-/ad-/as-/at-s:su-/st-t:trans-/te-/tr-c:con-/com-/col-/cor-/co-r:re-i:im-/in-/il-/ir-contributionlegal—illegal

regular--irregularabandon,access,addition,attention,assist,addresstransfer,transform,transportpolite—impolitepatient—impatientport—importaccurate--inaccurateb:p:-pro/-pree:-ex/-end:-de/-dis2.從來不考的

z:/x:/q:j:justify(從來沒被選中過)y:yield(yieldto屈服，讓步)k:(考過3次)

3.其它單詞可放在閱讀中記憶

BACKprogress(‘walk’)preview(‘see’)exportexitrich-enrichlarge-enlargeable-enabledanger-endangertitle-entitledisagreedistribute科學背單詞1)花大量時間記憶單詞----“重複是記憶之母”每天至少背100個單詞，分成三段1)認知單詞（30秒內能反應出單詞意思）2)學會單詞拼寫3)直達詞義，不用再切換到漢語意思

7天一個時間段第一天背100個，第二天複習前100個，再加上新單詞100個—200個第七天就不用再記新的單詞了，仔細複習前6天的單詞一個月左右2500左右重點單詞就可以背下來了！2)在閱讀中鞏固和複習單詞e.g.waterabottleofwaterTherearemanywatersinthisarea.Thegardenneedswatering.WhenIsawdeliciousfood,Iwatered.employDuringtheexamination,youcan’temployyourdictionary.

BACKＶ．流口水Theworldarelikeeels.Theyaretooslipperytobekeptinourmemory.背單詞的捷徑編故事記單詞e.g.(1)scream(2)innocent(3)family(4)qualityquantity(5)adoptadapt(6)ash/bush/cash/abash/crash/clash/smash(7)驚聲尖叫無辜的，清白的Fatherandmother,I

loveyou.品質數量採納，領養適應碰撞，撞擊（飛機）墜毀慚愧打碎，變成碎片安樂死詞根、詞綴記憶法1)able:e.g.

enable,unable,ability,capable2)act:todo,todrivee.g.

action,actor,actress,active,activity,activate,actual,exact,reactor,interact,transaction3)part:toseparatee.g.

parcel,partly,partial,partner,party,participate,participant,particle,particular,apart,apartment,department,compartment,departdis-:dislike,disgust,distaste,disorder,distributeen-:enable,entitle,enrich,enlargeim-/-in:con-/-com-ir/-il常見的首碼:常見的尾碼：

-ize:realize,recognize-ify:identify,justify,classify,personify,satisfy-ate(v.):coordinate,illustrate-tion(n.):contribution,implication,imagination,illustration-sion(n.):discussion-ment(n.):treatment,establishment-ity:prosperity,identity(IDcard)-ee:employee-er:employersecretarydiseasecommitteetestee/testerbigamy意群記憶1）“物質世界”物質的最小成分：atom,particle

宇宙太空：universe,solar,lunar

最小單位基因：protein,gene,cell

水生動物：fish,shellfish

爬行動物：reptile,insect

飛行動物：bird

哺乳動物：mammal

猿類：monkey2)“人類社會”皇家：royalty,dynasty,dictator

貴族：nobleman,landlord

政府：government,official,administrate

選舉：election,vote

立法：congress,assembly,legislative

動盪：disorder,uprising,revolution

員警：police,officer

監獄：jail,prison

武裝：army,armedforces

戰爭：war,weapon,surrender,defeat,victory

和平：peace,treaty

大家可以隨時隨地根據某一資訊聯想記憶單詞，比如：一個人騎車走在街上就可以聯想到：bicycle,truck,car,vehicle,bus,traffic(jam,light),rushhours,highway,freeway,zebralines,cement,sidewalk,underpass,road,passenger,shops,fence等一個人到醫院又能聯想到：hospital,doctor,nurse,ward,medicine,cure,treatment,injection,illness,clinic等。記憶單詞生活化robustrejoicewithdraw/deposit/accountingredient/salt/sugar/pepper/vegetableoilbreezeBuckleup,please.III.同義詞、近義詞含義比較固定詞夥關係（固定搭配/約定成俗）看書read

看電視watch

看電影see

看黑板lookat學知識:learnknowledge學:possess/acquire/obtain/gain/master知識:skill/intellectualdepth/perspective/horizon/insight/wisdom×Owingto_____competitionamongtheairlines,travelexpenseshavebeenreducedconsiderably.A.fierceBeagerCstrainedDcritical

fierce(動作非常激烈)：猛烈的，激烈的。常用的固定詞夥關係是：fiercecompetitioneager:熱中,渴望

strained:緊崩的，拉緊的

critical:一起搭配的常用becriticalof“對…進行批評,挑剔”

Thedirectorwascritical______thewayweweredoingthework.AatBinCofDwith相當大地Apierce：v.猛戳，猛刺入strain：要求超過極限所造成的緊張。tension:緊繃的狀態或緊張的局勢包含關係(A包含B，選A)(2)Hiswifeisconstantlyfinding______withhim,whichmakeshimveryangry.AerrorsBshortcomingsCfaultDflaw

errors:mistakes/sth.donewronglyfault:錯(人的性格、行為或習慣上的缺點)shortcomings:(反:merits)指在學校老師作評語時給出的優缺點。

flaw:指物體或材料上的瑕疵

C指代關係(3)Therewasabigholeintheroadwhich_____thetraffic.AsetbackBstoodbackCheldupDkeptdownSetback:推遲、推延、阻礙（時間概念上的）

setabout+doing著手、開始做某事

setout+todo著手、開始做某事

setdown:takedown/putdown/writedownsetoff:出發，離開，起程=setoutsetup安裝，創立，建立

setaside把…留出holdup支撐、推遲、推延、阻礙(具體概念上的)standback後退keepdown控制

Havingdecidedtorentaflat,we___contactingalltheaccommodationagenciesinthecity.AsetaboutBsetoutCsetdownDsetupThecontinuousrain___theharvestingofwheatcropbytwoweeks.C詞性Manydifficultieshave_______asaresultofthechangeovertoanewtypeoffuel.ArisenBarisenCraisedDarrived

不及物動詞及物動詞“提高，提升，飼養，撫養”raisetheflagraisechildren太陽、旗幟、水位等的上升（具體概念）指抽象概念（問題、麻煩、新的局面等）的一種出現B四級詞彙裡還有一個表示“上升”的詞：soar(通常表示毫不費勁地上升到很高的高度)詞根、詞綴的關係(5)Thereweresome______flowersonthetable.AartificialBunnaturalCfalseDunrealartificial:人造的，人為的(artifactn.人工製品，加工品)artificiallegartificialleather(genuineleather)unnatural:形容人的行為舉止不自然；不正常的

abirdofunnaturalsizefalse:假（具有欺騙性的）

falsepassport/falsehair/falseteethunreal:虛幻的（不是真實世界所擁有的）

unrealworld

AMorepractice(6)Thisticket_____youtoafreemealinournewrestaurant.AgivesBgrantsCentitlesDcreditsgivesb.sth.givesth.tosb.1)grantsb.sth正式授予e.g.Shegrantedmeonemao.(錯)2)資助3)takesth.forgranted1)entitlesb.tosth.2)entitlesb.todosth.使某人有得到某事的權利1)學分2)greditcard3)greditAtoB把A歸咎於Be.g.creditthecaraccidenttothedriver’scarelessnessC(7)Aseasonticket______theholdertomakeasmanyjourneyashewisheswithinthestatedperiodoftime.AentitleBgrantsCpresentsDpromises“贈與，給與”presentwithpromisetodosth.promisesb.sth.A(8)Everyoneshouldbe_____toadecentstandardoflivingandanopportunitytobeeducated.AattributedBentitledCidentifiedDjustifiedattributeto歸因於identifysth.withsth.將…東西與…東西認為是相同的證明,表明B(9)Shecooledthemeatforalongtimesoastomakeit____enoughtoeat.AmildBslightClightDtender溫柔的(gentle)吃的東西不辣的輕微的,少許的e.g.Aslightestchangeoftheschedulemayaffecteveryone.light反:heavy(rain)清淡的,容易消化的(肉)嫩的Wild粗野的，野蠻的Wildanimal,wildhorse,wildflowershotspicy(10)Whenpeoplebecomeunemployed,itis____whichisoftenworsethanlackofwages.AlazinessBpovertyCidlenessDinabilitylazybones懶骨頭貧窮,窮困poor無能力idle:閒置的,閒逛(的),遊手好閒e.g.idlecapitalidleawaysometime虛度光陰

killtime

C(11)Pleasebecarefulwhenyouaredrinkingcoffeeincaseyou____thenewcarpet.AcrashBpolluteCspotDstain

BACKcrash表示飛機的失事wreck輪船的失事accident汽車的車禍Thestrongstormdidalotofdamagetothecoastalvillages:severalfishingboatswere____andmanyhousescollapsed.AwreckedBspoiledCtornDinjuredinjure:在事故中受傷wound:(刀、槍等）傷hurt:(感情、情感的）傷n.污點，汙跡(點狀)v.使…有污點spotteddogspit—spotchop—chip弄髒,染色(片狀汙跡)DIV.形近詞(1)NiagaraFallsisagreattourist______,drawingmillionsofvisitorseveryyear.AattentionBattractionCappointmentDarrangementPayattentiontotractor:拖拉機attraction:吸引力attractone’sattention正式約會KeepappointmentBreakappointment男女之間的約會：date(2)Therainwasheavyand_____thelandwasflooded.

AconsequentlyBcontinuouslyCconstantlyDconsistently

相當於therefore,比較正式，一般在句首連續地（沒有間斷性）continually連續地（有間斷性，時斷時續的）“始終如一地，恒定地;總是”固定詞夥：恒溫constanttemperature“一貫地”固定詞夥：consistentpolicylightrainraincatsanddogsA(3)Ihatepeoplewho_____theendofafilmthatyouhaven’tseenbefore.AreviseBrewriteCrevealDreverseRe-:againrewrite=writeagainreviewreviseRe-:backreturnrejectreverse(轉)：顛倒揭示，揭露A(4)Don’t______thisnewstothepublicuntilwegiveyouthego-ahead.AreleaseBrelieveCrelateDretainreleasesth.tosb.“向某人發佈、發行”固定詞夥：releaseenergy減輕痛苦、憂慮等relieveyourpain/worryn.relief固定搭配：toone’srelief使某人寬慰的是relatesth.tosth.在思想或意義上與…有聯繫berelatedto保持，保留A(5)Thetwentiethcenturyhaswitnessedanenormousworldwidepolitical,economicandcultural_____.

AtraditionBtransportationCtransmissionDtransformation

傳送,播送transmitv.(6)Therewerenotickets_____forFriday’sperformance.

ApreferableBconsiderableCpossibleDavailable可得到的,可應用的,可獲得的Thedictionaryisavailable.Themanagerisavailable.Thereisnoroom(available)inourhotel.Considerv.Considerable:值得考慮的,可觀的,量大的Considerate:考慮周到的--prefer(vt.)喜歡--prefertodo--prefertodo…ratherthan(to)do寧願…而不願--prefersth.tosth./preferdoingtodoing(prefercoffeetotea)DPreferable:更合適的,更喜歡的具有比較意義的形容詞(不能與more,than,-er連用):superiorto優於----inferiortosecondto僅次於(I’msecondtonone.)Sensitiveto對…感到敏感(7)Itissaidthatthemathteacherseems_____towardsbrightstudents.ApartialBbeneficialCpreferableDliable

偏愛的partialto/towardsimpartialto/towards不偏不倚的benefitfromliabletosth.遭遇到某事A(8)SomepeoplewouldliketodoshoppingonSundayssincetheyexpecttopickupwonderful_______inthemarket.AbatteriesBbargainsCbasketsDbarrels裝液體的大木桶便宜貨，討價還價打折discount20%discountv.bargainwithsb.與某人討價還價

bargainaboutsth.就…討價還價B(9)Rememberthatcustomersdon’t_____aboutpricesinthatcity.AdebateBconsultCdisputeDbargain

辯論，辯論會諮詢consultant

顧問反駁beyonddispute無可爭辯D(10)Theneighborhoodboysliketoplaybasketballonthe_____lot.AvalidBvainCvacantDvague具有法律效力的沒人佔用而空,暫時沒有充滿而空反:occupiedempty空空如也,什麼也沒有invain徒勞,白費力氣含糊不清的(11)Althoughtheyplanttreesinthisareeveryyear,thetopsofsomehillsarestill_____.AblankBhollowCvacantDbare因為沒寫字而空中空的、空心的反：solid光禿禿的（一般形容土地）bald光頭DV.動詞片語及短語turnTurndown將音量關小，拒絕Turnup把音量開大；出現Turnout結果是、證明；生產Turnover移交，轉交（沒有方向性）Turnto求助於，參考Turnin交給，上交Thiscompanyhasturnedout100cars.takeover接管handover交給，遞給RefertomakeMakeoutMakefor朝…走去Makeoff匆匆地離開某地,逃走MakeupMakeit=succeedindoingsth.(聽力中常出現)Makeupfor彌補,補償LeaveforShanghai.Makeformyoffice.組成,構成+數字/百分比bemadeupof組成,構成(被動)補考緩考takeTakeafter在外貌,性格等方面與父母相象Takeapart(將大型機器)分解，拆開Takeback收回=withdrawTakedown記下,寫下Takeeffect生效Takeeffectivesteps/measures採取有效措施Takein理解\領悟,吸收(absorb),欺騙(cheat)Takeoff脫下,(飛機)起飛(四級聽力重點片語)Takeon承擔責任等等;雇傭(employ);Takeout抽出,取出Takepartin=participateinTaketheplaceof=replace(replaceAwithB)Taketurns+todosth.輪流做某事Takeup佔據時間;開始從事handHanddown把…傳下來Handout分發,分給callCallfor要求,需求Callin邀請,約進