浙江2017高考英语阅读理解(细节理解)精讲精练(附答案)

第页浙江2017高考英语阅读理解（细节理解）精讲精练（附答案）高考英语阅读理解常考点分析阅读理解试题常采用以下四种题型：1.考查考生快速捕捉信息、处理信息的能力(细节理解题)；2.考查考生对某个词或词语的理解能力(词义猜测题)；3.考查考生对文章主旨大意或段落大意的概括能力(主旨大意题)；4.考查考生对文章的隐含意义、延伸意义的推理判断能力(推理判断题)。【细节理解题】Ⅰ.细节理解题一般可分为：直接信息题、间接信息题和信息综合题。1.直接信息题：先看题干，以便在阅读的过程中更快找出相关事实细节。2.间接信息题：需结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断。3.信息综合题：涉及文章中的几句话，而且有时可能散落在文章的不同地方，因此要把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析。Ⅱ.正确答案的特点：与原文信息表达手法不同，但所表达的意思相同。Ⅲ.干扰项的特点：1.是原文信息，但与题目要求不符；2.符合常识，但不符合原文内容；3.与原文信息极为相似，只是在程度上有些不同；4.选项中所提供的信息部分正确，部分错误；5.在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。【真题回放一】HowdidMr.Plowrightletpeopleknowwhathewasdoing?Why,headvertised,ofcourse.Firstheopenedashopandthenheputupasignoutsidetheshoptoattractcustomers.Thatsignmayhavebeennomorethanaplowcarvedintoapieceofwoodandasimplearrowpointingtotheshopdoor.ItwasprobablyalltheinformationpeopleneededtofindMr.Plowrightandhisreallygoodplows.（2013浙江卷阅读理解A篇）42.Toadvertisehisplows,Mr.Plowright. A.praisedhisplowsinpublic B.placedasignoutsidetheshop C.hunganarrowpointingtotheshop D.showedhisproductstothecustomers42.B。这是一道直接信息题。该段摘自原文第四段，根据该段中的Firstheopenedashopandthenheputupasignoutsidetheshoptoattractcustomers可知，为了推销自己的犁，Mr.Plowright在商店外面放了一个牌子。【讲解配题】2016高考英语阅读理解集训。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。Coffeeisoneofthemostpopulardrinksthroughouttheworldtoday.Infact,accordingtosomeestimates,over30%ofalladultsintheworlddrinkcoffeeatleastonceadayontheaverage.Coffeecontainsakindofdrugcalledcaffeine.Caffeineisachemicalthatstimulates(刺激)thenervesofthebody.Drinkingcoffeetendstomakepeoplealittlebitmoreawake―atleastforashorttime―becauseofthisstimulatingeffectonthenervoussystem.Acupofcoffeehas,ontheaverage,about3%caffeineinit.Onestoryofthediscoveryofthecoffeeplantrelatestothiseffectofcaffeine.Accordingtothestory,coffeewasdiscoveredinEastAfrica.ThestorysaysthatcoffeewasfirstfoundbyagoatfarmernamedKaldi.Thiswasabouttheyear850.Kaldiwasleadinghisanimalsthroughthemountainsandthegoatswerestoppingrepeatedlytoeattheplantsnearthepath.Suddenly,someofthegoatsstartedjumpingupanddowninaverystrangeway.Kaldifiguredoutthatthegoatswereactingthiswaybecauseoftheplantstheywereeating.Kaldihimselftriedeatingsomeofthegreenbeans(豆荚)thatthegoatshadbeeneating.He,too,feltthestimulatingeffectofthebeans.Kaldiwantedtoprovewhathadhappened,sohepickedsomeofthebeansandtookthembacktothevillage,wherehetoldhisstory.Thegreenbeangotthename"Kaffa"andlater"coffee"becausethebeanswerediscoveredinaplacecalledKaffainAfrica.Thenforyears,peopleusedtoeatafewofthegreenKaffabeanswhentheywereinthemountainsandneededextraenergytodotheirwork.Itwaslaterfoundthatthecoffeebeanscouldbepickedandthendrieduntiltheyturnedbrown,andthentheycouldbestored.Ifthebeansweredriedandstored,theycouldbeusedatanytime.1.Whatisthepurposeofdrinkingcoffee?moreslowlyandthenIstoppedthecarandatthesamemomenttheroadfellontothecarinfrontofme.Ifoundmyselfinthedark.Icouldn’tmove.ThebottompartsofbothofmylegsandmyfeetwerehurtingbadlyandIcouldn’tmovethem.Allaroundmewasquiet.ButabovemeIcouldhearshoutsandalotofnoise.ThenImemorized(记起)whathadhappened.Ihadbeeninanearthquake.Forabouttwohoursnobodycame.LuckilyIcouldreachthebagofapples，soatleastIhadplentytoeat.ThenIheardpeopleclimbingtowardsme.Ateamofpeoplehadcometoseeifanyonewasunderthebrokenroad.Icalledout，“I’mhere！”Iheardashout.Soonastrangerclimbedtothesideoftheroadnearmycar.“Howareyoudoing？”heasked.“Nottoobad，”Isaid，“Butmyfeetandlegsfeelasifthey’rebroken.”“We’llhaveyououtoftherejustassoonaswecan.”Theydidn’tgetmeoutuntilthenextmorning.Ihadbeeninmycarforfourteenhours.1．Whentheearthquaketookplace，thewriterwas________.A．onhiswaytothePostOffice B．stoppingoffatashopC．doingsomeshopping D．underaroadbuiltlikeabridge解析：从第二段最后一句话可知，当地震发生时，作者正开车行驶在一条像桥一样的路的下面。这条路塌了下来，砸在了他的车上。答案：D2．Thewriter’scarbegantomovefromsidetosidebecause________.A．therewassomethingwrongwithhiscarB．heateapplesashedroveC．anearthquakebegantohappenD．hedrovetoofast解析：feel是系动词，后面跟有表语，我们知道当tire成tiring和tired时，才起到形容词的作用。答案：C3．WhichofthefollowingisTrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Whentheearthquakehappened，thewriterwaswithhisdaughtertogether.B．Thewriter’slegsandfeetwerebadlywoundedintheearthquake.C．Thewriterwassavedassoonasthestrangerclimbeduptheroad.D．Thewriterwassofrightenedthatheforgoteverythingthathappenedaroundhim.解析：从短文的内容可知，作者在接他女儿之前发生了地震。因此，在地震发生时，他并没有和他女儿在一起。又从最后一段可知，他被救出时，已经到了第二天上午。因此，也不是在那位陌生人一看到他就把他救了出来。再从他被砸在路下面后不久，他就记起了所发生的事，所以，他并没有吓得什么也想不起来。只有他的腿和脚被严重砸伤是真实的。答案：B4．Whichofthefollowingshowstherightorderofwhathappenedtothewriter?a—Astrangerclimbedtothesideofroadnearhiscarandaskedhowhewasgoing.b—Thewriterfinishedhiswork.c—Hefelthiscarshakingonhiswaytohisdaughter’sschool.d—Heboughtsomefreshfruitinashop.e—Hewassavedthenextmorning.f—Thewriterfoundhimselfinthedark.g—HewenttothePostOffice.A．b，g，d，c，f，a，e B．b，d，c，g，f，a，eC．d，b，c，f，g，a，e D．c，a，f，g，b，d，e解析：通读全文，我们可知，正确的顺序是：作者下班后，先去了邮局，又把车停在一家商店前，下车买了一些水果。在接他女儿的路上他感觉他的车子晃动，上面的公路塌了下来，将他砸在了路下面。他感觉自己处在黑暗之中，一位陌生人发现了他，第二天上午他被救了出来。答案：A5．Fromthepassagewe’resurethatthewriterwas________.A．ateacherofaschool B．amanagerofashopC．afatherofagirl D．aworkerofaPostOffice解析：通过短文我们可以确切地知道作者是一位女孩的父亲，而无法确定作者是一位学校的教师，一家商店的经理或一家邮局的工人。答案：C。【冲向高考】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。Tworecentstudieshavefoundthatpunishmentisnotthebestwaytoinfluencebehavior.Oneshowedthatadultsaremuchmorecooperativeiftheyworkinasystembasedonrewards.ResearchersatHarvardUniversityintheUnitedStatesandtheStockholmSchoolofEconomicsinSwedendidthestudy.TheyhadabouttwohundredcollegestudentsplayaversionofthegameknownasthePrisoner’sDilemma.Thegameisbasedonthetension(紧张气氛)betweentheinterests(利益)ofanindividualandagroup.Thestudentsplayedingroupsoffour.Eachplayercouldwinpointsforthegroup,sotheywouldallgainequally.Buteachplayercouldalsorewardorpunisheachoftheotherthreeplayers,atacosttothepunisher.HarvardresearcherDavidRandsaysthemostsuccessfulbehaviorprovedtobecooperation.Thegroupsthatrewardeditthemostearnedabouttwiceasmuchinthegameasthegroupsthatrewardedittheleast.Andthemoreagrouppunisheditself,theloweritsearningswere.Thegroupwiththemostpunishmentearnedtwenty-fivepercentlessthanthegroupwiththeleastpunishment.ThestudyappearedlastmonthinthejournalScience.Theotherstudyinvolvedchildren.ItwaspresentedlastmonthinCaliforniaataconferenceonviolenceandabuse.Researchersusedintelligencetestsgiventotwogroups.Morethaneighthundredchildrenagedtwotofourthefirsttimetheyweretested.Morethansevenhundredchildrenagedfivetonine.Thetwogroupswereretestedfouryearslater,andthestudycomparedtheresultswiththefirsttest.Bothgroupscontainedchildrenwhoseparentsusedphysicalpunishmentandchildrenwhoseparentsdidnot.ThestudysaystheIQs--orintelligencequotients--oftheyoungerchildrenwhowerenotspankedwerefivepointshigherthanthosewhowere.Intheoldergroup,thedifferencewasalmostthreepoints.MurrayStraussfromtheUniversityofNewHampshireworkedwithMalliePaschallfromthePacificInstituteforResearchandEvaluation.ProfessorStrausshaswrittenextensivelyaboutphysicalpunishmentofchildren.Hesaysthemoretheyarespanked,theslowertheirmentaldevelopment.HealsolookedataverageIQsinothernationsandfoundthemlowerwherespankingwasmorecommon.1．Whichcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.PunishmentB.TheBestWaytoInfluenceBehavior.C.PunishmentorReward:WhichWorksBetteronBehavior?D.TwoRecentStudies.2．Theunderlinedword“spanked”probablymeans______.A.wonB.punishedC.testedD.praised3．Accordingtothepassage,theresearchersmayagreethebestwaytoinfluencebehavioris______.A.rewardinggoodbehaviorB.correctingbadbehaviorC.punishingbadly-behavedchildrenD.praisingwell-behavedchildren

试题分析：文章主要介绍了两项研究的过程和研究成果。近期的两项研究显示，惩罚不是影响行为的最好方法。其中一项研究显示，成年人在一个基于奖励的机制中更具合作性。另一项研究表明，惩罚不利于孩子心智的发展。1．选择最佳标题。A项太片面；文章没有提到最好的方法，排除B；D项不够具体；根据第二段“Oneshowedthatadultsaremuchmorecooperativeiftheyworkinasystembasedonrewards.”和第六段“oftheyoungerchildrenwhowerenotspankedwerefivepointshigherthanthosewhowere”可知，研究表明，奖励能够促进合作，惩罚不利于孩子的心智发展，故选C。2．猜测词义题。根据带第六段“whowerenotspankedwerefivepointshigherthanthosewhowere”可知，被父母体罚的孩子，他们的智商比没有受到体罚的孩子的低5分，根据最后一段“Hesaysthemoretheyarespanked,theslowertheirmentaldevelopment.”可知，孩子受到的惩罚越多，他们的心智发展得越慢，说明划线词是“惩罚”的意思，故选B。3．推理判断题。B、D两项文中未提及；根据倒数第二段“oftheyoungerchildrenwhowerenotspankedwerefivepointshigherthanthosewhowere”和最后一段“themoretheyarespanked,theslowertheirmentaldevelopment”可知，惩罚不利于孩子的身心发展，排除C；根据第二段“adultsaremuchmorecooperativeiftheyworkinasystembasedonrewards”和第六段“fivepointshigherthanthosewhowere”可知，奖励能够促进合作，而惩罚不利于孩子心智的发展，只有A项与奖励有关，故选A。【健康环保类—阅读理解】（2015模拟题）MontyHempelisaprofessorofenvironmentalsciencesatRedlandsUniversityinCalifornia.Hestudiesecologicalliteracy—orecoliteracy，forshort.Ecoliteracyistheabilitytothinkaboutandunderstandthenaturalprocessesthatmakelifepossible.MontyHempelsaysecoliteracygivespeopleknowledgeaboutenvironmentalproblems.Buthesaysitdoesnotalwaysworktogetthemtochangetheirbehavior.Mr.HempelwrotepartoftheWorldwatchInstitute’slatestStateoftheWorldreport.Hesaysinhisarticle，“Somepeoplethinkthatecoliteracyisjustagreenformofscienceliteracy.AndwhatIhavetriedtoaskiswhetherthat’senough.Inotherwords，whatanecologically­literatepersonneedstoknowmightincludethingslikethecyclesandtheflows，theenergysystems，allofthosekindofthingsthatwewouldcallthescienceofecology.”“Thatdoesn’tseemtoleadtoactiontoprotectourenvironment—toprotectourlife­supportsystemtothelevelthatweneedto.Justbecauseweknowalotabouttheenvironmentdoesn’tmeanthatweactuallyacttosaveit.Afterall，actionsspeaklouderthanknowledge.”Headdsthatpeoplemaynotbeveryworriedaboutenvironmentalproblemsiftheyseemfaraway.“Somepeoplecallitpsychologicaldistance.AlotofclimateissuesareworseintheArcticandmostofusdon’tspendtimeintheArctic.Andso，there’sacertaindistance.Butthere’salsoadistancethat’shappeningintheworldasiturbanizes—peoplespendingmoretimeinfrontofscreensandlesstimeoutinnature.Webecome，ifyouwill，disconnectedfromthenaturalsystemsthatusedtobethekeytosuccessforahumanbeing.”Tohelpchildrendiscoverthewondersofnature，headdsthatchildrenshouldlearnaboutnatureinschool.Buthealsopointsoutwehaveahighmountainforpeopletoclimbfromknowledgetoaction.1.FromwhatMontyHempelsaysinParagraph3，welearnthat.A.knowledgeonenvironmentprotectionisnotenoughB.knowledgethatchildrenlearnatschoolisuselessC.ecoliteracycanhelppeopleunderstandhownatureworksD.peoplewithenoughknowledgewillprotecttheenvironmentwell答案A解析推理判断题。根据第三段中MontyHempel说的话，尤其是文中的“AndwhatIhavetriedtoaskiswhetherthat’senough.”暗示仅仅有环保的知识是不够的，故最佳答案为A。2.WhatisespeciallyimportantforenvironmentprotectioninMr.Hempel’sopinion?A.Knowledge. B.Action.C.Greenliving. D.Psychologicaldistance.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Afterall，actionsspeaklouderthanknowledge.”可知Mr.Hempel的观点是行动更重要，故最佳答案为B。3.Mr.Hempelthinkspeopleshownoconcernaboutsomeenvironmentalproblemsbecause.A.theylackknowledgeonenvironmentprotectionB.theyhavenoawarenessofenvironmentprotectionC.someenvironmentalproblemsarenotworseatallD.someenvironmentalproblemshappenedfaraway答案D解析细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Somepeoplecallitpsychologicaldistance(有些人叫它心理距离).”以及“Andso，there’sacertaindistance(这里是有一定距离的).”，可知人们对一些环境问题不关心，是因为有些环境问题发生在遥远的地方，故最佳答案为D。4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Expertsthinkitisthebestwaytolearnnatureinschool.B.Climbingahighmountainisagoodwaytoexercisewell.C.Changingpeople’sattitudetoenvironmentprotectionishard.D.Knowledgecanhelpchildrentakeactiontoprotecttheenvironment.答案C解析推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Buthealsopointsoutwehaveahighmountainforpeopletoclimbfromknowledgetoaction(但他也指出对许多人来说从知识到行动有一座高山要爬).”可知要改变人们对环境保护的态度是很难的。【2016届石家庄市高中毕业班质量检测（二）试题】阅读理解。阅读下面短文，选择最佳答案填空。BTheAdlerPlanetariumChicagoishometomorethan35,000squarefeetofexhibits.FromhugemodelsoftheSolarSystem,toancientastronomicalinstruments,tointeractiveadventures,Adler’sexhibitgalleriesprovidesapassagewayforyoutoexploretheuniverse.TheAdleralsooffersminiscienceexplorationactivitiesthatarequick10-minutelessons.Visitorscanlearnsomeinterestingastronomicalfactsatthesesmallactivitycarts.TheAdlerPlanetariumChicagoistheonlymuseumintheworldwithtwofull-sizeplanetariumtheaters.Since1930,thewonderofthestarshasbeenvisibleinthehistoricSkyTheater.PoweredbybrandnewDigistar3TMtechnology,theStarRiderTheaterisacompletelydigital,virtual(虚拟的)outer