2015-2019年北京高考英语试卷（含答案解析）

2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）

英语

（考试时间：100分钟试卷满分：120分）

考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分:知识运用（共两节，45分）

第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题L5分，共15分）

A

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白

处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Onthefirstdayofmyfirstgrade,Istoodbythedoorwithbutterfliesinmystomach.I1（voice）my

biggestconcerntomymother."HowwillImakefriends?^^Shehandedmeadvice.€tBeyourself.^^Forthepast20

years.Ihavelivedbythesewords.SoonIwillgraduateandbecomepartoftherealworld.Nervously2

（face）challenges.IknowIwillwhisperto3（I）thetwosimplewords“Beyourself5.

B

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白

处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

EarthDay,4（mark）on22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmental

protection.Firstcelebrated51970,theDaynowincludeseventsinmorethan190countriesandregions（地

区）.Nomatterwhatyouliketodo,thereisawaytogetinvolvedinvarious6（activity）onEarthDay.Youcan

plantatree,makeamealwithlocallygrownvegetables,orsavepower—thepossibilitiesareendless.

C

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白

处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Doesthenameofthecollegeyouattendreallymatter?Researchonthequestion7（suggest）that,for

moststudents,itdoesn't.Whatstudentsdoatcollegeseemstomattermuchmorethan8theygo.Thestudents

benefittingmostfromcollegearethose9aretotallyengaged（参与）inacademiclife.takingfulladvantageof

thecollege'schancesandresources（资源），Studentsshouldhaveaproperattitudetowardscollegebeforethinking

aboutwhichcollegetoattend,andit'snevertooearlytomakenecessarypreparationsfbrahealthyand

10(meaning)collegeexperience.

第二节完形填空(共20小题；每小题L5分，共30分)

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答

题卡上将该项涂黑。

Regardlessoftheweatherorthedistance,PaulWilsonwillmakesurelow-incomestudentsinhis

neighbourhoodarriveattheircollegeclassesontime.

Aretiredengineer,76-year-oldWilsonhasbeen11freeridestocollegestudentsforthepasteightyears.

Sincehefirststarted12hiscartotheyoungpeople.Wilsonhas13amastonishing64,000miles,and

hashadcountlesspleasantandoftenhumorous14withthestudentshetransportstoandfromschool.The

studentswhohe's15havegoneontobecomephysicians,teachersandengineers,butwhatthey'vealsogotout

oftheirtimeinschoolisfindingarolemodelandafriendinWilson.Somestudents16callhim“Grandpa”.

TinaStem17ridesfromWilsonforallherfouryearsincollege,andthetripsmeantmuchmoretoher

thanjustfree18."It'snotjustaride；you'renotjustsittingtherein19silenceorwithyourheadphones

on.”Stemsaid."Heasksyouquestionsandactually20theanswers,sothenexttimeyouridewithhim,he'll

21thosethings."

Wilsonfirstworkedasadriverthroughastudent-supportprogrammeofthenon-profitorganisation.OnPoint

forCollege.Althoughthe22asksthemembersonlytodrivestudentstoandfromtheirclasses,Wilsonoften

goes23toensurethewelfareandsafetyofthestudents.Iftheyhaveproblemswithregistration.

Wilsonisthereto24them.Iftheyrunoutofcertaindailynecessities.Wilsonwilldrivetothenearest

storeandpurchasewhat'sneeded.Ifastudentgetshungryonthelongdrivestoandfromschool,Wilsonnever

25tobuythemameal.

Formanystudents,Wilson'shelpisnotonlyappreciated,ifsalsoentirely26forthemtobeableto

completetheircollegeeducation.Somestudentsdon'thaveareliablecar,whileothershaveto27vehicles

withparentswhoworksixdaysaweek.Forthem,ridingwithWilsonhas28themtocompletetheireducation

—butaccordingtoWilson,hebenefitsjustasmuchfromthe29.<4IjustlovedrivingandIlovethesekids,

"Wilsonsaid."It'ssucha(n)30tobeapartofthesekids,lives,evenjustfbrafewhours,gettingtoknowthem

andhearingtheirstories.'1

11.A.linkingB.sendingC.offeringD.distributing

12.A.donatingB.lendingC.deliveringD.volunteering

13.A.pavedB.coveredC.measuredD.wandered

14.A.argumentsB.interviewsC.negotiationsD.wandered

15.A.metB.drivenC.addressedD.conversations

16.A.evenB.everC.onceD.already

17.A.earnedB.receivedC.assessedD.demanded

18.A.transportationB.styleC.timeD.communication

19.A.forcedB.awkwardC.ridiculousD.suspicious

20.A.selectsB.recitesC.guessesD.remembers

21.A.actonB.settleonC.checkonD.agreeon

22.A.clubB.leagueC.collegeD.programme

23.A.farB.aroundC.beyondD.forwards

24.A.assistB.watchC.urgeD.warm

25.A.expectsB.attemptsC.managesD.hesitates

26.A.extraB.unusualC.necessaryD.adequate

27.A.shareB.fuelC.repairD.exchange

28.A.requiredB.allowedC.remindedD.convinced

29.A.experienceB.arrangementC.appreciationD.employment

30.A.effortB.ambitionC.privilegeD.convenience

第二部分:阅读理解（共两节，40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项

涂黑。

A

Wanttoexplorenewcultures,meetnewpeopleanddosomethingworthwhileatthesametime?Youcandoall

thethreewithGlobalDevelopmentAssociation（GDA）.WhateverstageoflifeyouYeat,whereveryougoand

whateverprojectyoudoinGDA,you'llcreatepositivechangesinapoorandremotecommunity（社区）.

Weworkwithvolunteersofallagesandbackgrounds.Mostofourvolunteersareaged17-24.Nowweneed

volunteermanagersaged25-75.Theyareextremelyimportantinthesafeandeffectiverunningofourprogrammes.

Wehavesuchrolesasprojectmanagers,mountainleaders,andcommunicationofficers.

Dependingonwhichroleyouchoose,youcouldhelptoincreaseacommunity'saccesstosafedrinkingwater,

orhelptoprotectvaluablelocalcultures.Youmightalsodesignanadventurechallengetotrainyoungvolunteers.

Notonlywillyouhelpouryoungvolunteerstodeveloppersonally,you'llalsolearnnewskillsandincreaseyour

culturalawareness.Youmayhavechancestomeetnewpeoplewho'llbecomeyourlifelongfriends.

Thissummerwehaveboth4-weekand7-weekprogrammes:

Schedule

Country

4-weekprogrammes7-weekprogrammes

Algeria5Jul.-1Aug.20Jun.-7Aug.

Egypt24Jul-20Aug.19Jun.-6Aug.

Kenya20Jul.-16Aug.18Jun.-5Aug.

SouthAfrica2Aug-29Aug.15Jun.-2Aug.

GDAensuresthatvolunteersworkwithcommunitymembersandlocalprojectpartnerswhereourhelpisneeded.

Allourprojectsaimtopromotethedevelopmentofpoorandremotecommunities.

ThereisnootherchancelikeaGDAprogramme.Joinusasavolunteermanagertodevelopyourownskills

whilebringingbenefitstothecommunities.

FindoutmoreaboutjoiningaGDAprogramme:

We.bsite:

Email:humanresources@glodeve.org

31.Whatisthemainresponsibilityofvolunteermanagers?

A.ToseeklocalpartnersB.TDtakeinyoungvolunteers

C.TocarryoutprogrammesD.Tofosterculturalawareness

32.TheprogrammebeginninginAugustwilloperatein_.

A.EgyptB.AlgeriaC.KenyaD.SouthAfria

33.ThesharedgoalofGDA'sprojectsto

AexplorenewculturesB.protecttheenvironment

C.gaincoiporatebenefitD.helpcommunitiesinneed

B

AliceMooreisateenagerentrepreneur（仓小业者），whoinMay2015setupherbusinessAilieCandy.Bythetime

shewas13,hercompanywasworthmillionsofdollarswiththeinventionofasuper-sweettreatthatcouldsavekids*

teeth,insteadofdestroyingthem.

ItallbeganwhenMoorevisitedabankwithherdad.Ontheoutingshewasofferedacandybar.However,her

dadremindedherthatsugarytreatswerebadforherteeth.ButMoorewassickofmissingoutoncandies.Soshe

desiredtogetroundthewarning,"Whycan'tImakeahealthycandythat'sgoodformyteethsothatmyparentscan't

saynotoit?"Withthatinmind,Mooreaskedherdadifshecouldstartherowncandycompany.Herecommended

thatshedosomeresearchandtalktodentistsaboutwhatahealthiercandywouldcontain.

Withherdad'spermission,shespentthenexttwoyearsresearchingonlineandconductingtrialstogetarecipe

thatwasbothtastyandtooth-friendly.Shealsoapproacheddentiststolearnmoreaboutteethcleaning.Consequently,

shesucceededinmakingakindofcandyonlyusingnaturalsweeteners,whichcanreduceoralbacteria.

Moorethenusedhersavingstogetherbusinessoftheground.Afterwards,sheandherfathersecuredtheirfirst

businessmeetingwithasupermarketowner,whofinallyagreedtosellMoore'sproduct-Cancandy.

AsCanCandy*ssuccessgrows,sodoesMoore'scredibilityasayoungentrepreneur.Mooreisenthusiasticabout

thecandyshecreated,andshe'salsopositiveaboutwhatthefuturemightbring.Shehopesthateverykidcanhavea

cleanmouthandabroadsmile.

Meanwhile,withherparents'help,Mooreisgenerallyabletoliveanonnalteenagelife.Althoughshefounded

hercompanyearlyoninlife,shewasn'tdrivenprimarilybyprofit.Moorewantstouseheruniquetalenttohelpothers

findtheirsmiles.Shedonates10%ofAilieCandy^profitstoBigSmiles.Withhertalentanddetermination,itappears

thattheskycouldbethelimitforAliceMoore.

34.HowdidMoorereacttoherdad'swarning?

A.Shearguedwithhim.B.Shetriedtofindawayout.

C.Shepaidnoattention.D.Shechosetoconsultdentists.

35.WhatisspecialaboutCanCandy?

A.Itisbeneficialtodentalhealth.B.Itisfreeofsweeteners.

C.Itissweeterthanothercandies.D.Itisproducedtoadentists'recipe.

36.WhatdoesMooreexpectfromherbusiness?

A.Toearnmoremoney.B.Ibhelpothersfindsmiles.

C.Tomakeherselfstandout.D.Tobeatothercandycompanies.

37.WhatcanwelearnfromAliceMoore'sstory?

A.Fameisagreatthirstoftheyoung.

B.Ayouthistoberegardedwithrespect.

C.Positivethinkingandactionresultinsuccess.

D.Successmeansgettingpersonaldesiressatisfied

C

Theproblemofrobocallshasgottensobadthatmanypeoplenowrefusetopickupcallsfromnumbersthey

don'tknow.Bynextyear,halfofthecallswereceivewillbescams（欺诈）.Wearefinallywakinguptotheseverityof

theproblembysupportinganddevelopingagroupoftools,appsandapproachesintendedtopreventscammersfrom

gettingthrough.Unfortunately,it'stoolittle,toolate.Bythetimethese“solutions”（解决方案）becomewidely

available,scammerswillhavemovedontocleverermeans.Inthenearfuture,it'snotjustgoingtobethenumberyou

seeonyourscreenthatwillbeindoubt.Soonyouwillalsoquestionwhetherthevoiceyou'rehearingisactuallyreal.

That'sbecausethereareanumberofpowerfulvoicemanipulation（处理）andautomationtechnologiesthatare

abouttobecomewidelyavailableforanyonetouse.Atthisyear'sI/OConference,acompanyshowedanewvoice

technologyabletoproducesuchaconvincinghuman-soundingvoicethatitwasabletospeaktoareceptionistand

bookareservationwithoutdetection.

Thesedevelopmentsarelikelytomakeourcurrentproblemswithrobocallsmuchworse.Thereasonthat

robocallsareaheadachehaslesstodowithamountthanprecisionAdecadeofdatabreaches（数据侵入）ofpersonal

informationhasledtoasituationwherescammerscaneasilylearnyourmother'sname,andfarmore.Armedwith

thisknowledge.they'reabletocarryoutindividuallytargetedcampaignstocheatpeople.Thismeans,forexample,

thatascammercouldcallyoufromwhatlookstobeafamiliarnumberandtalktoyouusingavoicethatsounds

exactlylikeyourbankteller's,rickingyouinto'Confirming"youraddress,mother'sname,andcardnumber.

Scammersfollowmoney,socompanieswillbetheworsthit.Alotofbusinessisstilldoneoverthephone,andmuch

ofitisbasedontrustandexistingrelationships.Voicemanipulationtechnologiesmayweakenthatgradually.

Weneedtodealwiththeinsecurenatureofourtelecomnetworks.Phonecarriersandconsumersneedtowork

togethertofindwaysofdeterminingandcommunicatingwhatisreal.Thatmightmeaneitherdevelopingauniform

waytomarkvideosandimagesshowingwhenandwhotheyweremadeby.orabandoningphonecallsaltogether

andmovingtowardsdata-basedcommunications-usingappslikeFaceTimeorWhatsApp,whichcanbetiedto

youridentity.

Credibilityishardtoearnbuteasytolose,andtheproblemisonlygoingtoharderfromhereonout.

38.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesolutionstoproblemofrobecalls?

A.Panicked.B.Confused.C.Embarrassed.D.Disappointed.

39.takingadvantageofthenewtechnologies,scammercan.

A.aimatvictimspreciselyB.damagedatabaseseasily

C.startcampaignsrapidlyD.spreadinformationwidely

40.Whatdoesthepassageimply?

A.Honestyisthebestpolicy.

B.Technologiescanbedouble-edited.

C.Therearemoresolutionsthanproblems.

D.Credibilityholdsthekeytodevelopment.

41.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.WheretheProblemofRobocallsIsRooted

B.WhoIstoBlamefortheProblemofRoboealls

C.WhyRobocallsAreAbouttoGetMoreDangerous

D.HowRobocallsAreAffectingtheWorldofTechnology

D

Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawanning

climate,accordingtoanewstudy.

Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms（海洋微生物）calledphytoplankton.Becauseof

thewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Ocean

colourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuel

thegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean's

appearance.

Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide（二氧化碳）intotheoceanwhilegiving

offoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpsto

regulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskey

characteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbon

dioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.

StephanieDutkiewicz,ascientistinMITsCenterforGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimatemodelthatprojects

changestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃,itfoundthatmultiplechangestothe

colouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncould

becomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperfor

phytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener."Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheocean

changing,“shesaid,"butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.9,

42.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?

A.Thevariouspattemsattheoceansurface.

B.Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.

C.Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.

D.Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.

43.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable“inParagraph3probablymean?

A.Sensitive.B.BeneficialC.SignificantD.Unnoticeable

44.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.

B.Dutkiewicz'smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchanges

C.Phytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimate

D.Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.

45.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges

B.Toanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchain

C.Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans

D.Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余

选项。

Muchoftheworkintoday'sworldisaccomplished（完成）inteams.Mostpeoplebelievethebestwaytobuilda

greatteamistogatheragroupofthemosttalentedindividuals.46Companiesspendmillionshiringtop

businesspeople.Istheirmoneywellspent?

47Theyfocusedonfootball,basketballandbaseball.TheresultsaremixedForfootballandbasketball,

addingtalentedplayerstoateamprovesagoodmethod,butonlyuptothepointwhere70%oftheplayersaretop

talent；abovethatlevel,theteam'sperfbnnancebeginstodecline.Interestingly,thistrendisn'tevidentinbaseball,

whereadditionalindividualtalentkeepsimprovingtheteam'sperformance.

Toexplainthisphenomenon,theresearchersexploredthedegreetowhichagoodperformancebyateam

requiresitsmemberstocoordinate（协调）theiractions.48Inbaseball,theperformanceofindividual

playersislessdependentonteammates.Theyconcludethatwhentaskinterdependenceishigh,teamperformance

willsufferwhenthereistoomuchtalent,whileindividualtalentwillhavepositiveeffectsonteamperformancewhen

taskinterdependenceislower.Ifabasketballstaris.forexample,tryingtogainahighpersonalpointtotal,hemay

takeashothimselfwhenitwouldbebettertopasstheballtoateammate,affectingtheteam'sperformance.Young

childrenlearningtoplayteamsportsareoftentold,uThereisnoIinTEAM."49

Anotherpossibilityisthatwhenthereisalotoftalentonateam,someplayersmaymakelesseffort.Justasin

agameoftug-of-war（拔;可比赛），wheneverapersonisadded,everyoneelsepullstheropewithlessforce.

50.AnA-teammayrequireabalance-notjustAplayers,butafewgenerousBplayersaswell.

A.Ifsnotasimplemattertodeterminethenatureoftalent.

BSportsteamownersspendmillionsofdollarsattractingtoptalent

C.Thegroupinteractionanditseffectdrewtheresearchers1attention.

D.Starsapparentlydonotfollowthisbasicprincipleofsportsmanship.

E.Severalrecentstudiesexaminedtheroleoftalentinthesportsworld.

F.Buildingupadreamteamismorecomplexthansimplyhiringthebesttalent.

G.Thistaskinterdependencedistinguishesbaseballfromfootballandbasketball.

第三部分:书面表达（共两节，35分）

第一节（15分）

51.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim打算暑假期间来北京、天津和上海旅游，发来邮件

询问相关信息。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：

1.交通出行；

2.必备衣物。

注意：

1.词数不少于50；

2.开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。

DearJim,

Yours,

LiHua

第二节（20分）

52.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们班上周组织了一次以“劳动最光荣”为主题的社会实践活动。请根

据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述整个过程。

注意:词数不少于60。

提示词:西瓜watermelon

绝密★启用前

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试

英语（北京卷）

（本试卷共14页，共120分。考试时长100分钟。）

考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分：知识运用

第一节单项填空

从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将

该项涂黑。

例：It'ssonicetohearfromheragain.,welastmetmorethanthirtyyearsago.

A.What'smoreB.That'stosay

C.InotherwordsD.Believeitornot

答案是D。

1.—Hi,I'mPeter.Areyounewhere?Ihaven'tseenyouaround?

—Hello,Peter.TmBob.IjustonMonday.

A.startB.havestartedC.startedD.hadstarted

【答案】C

【解析】考查时态。句意：——嗨,我是彼得。你是新来的吗？我没有在附近见过你。——你好，彼得。

我是鲍勃。我周一刚刚开始住在这儿。根据两人谈话内容可知，Bob现在在这儿，他开始（start）住在这儿

是发生在周一的事情，周一是一个过去的时间，故该句应用一般过去时态，C选项正确。

点睛：一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态或过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。一般过去

时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用，如：yesterday,lastweek,inthepast,in2017,once,afew

daysago等.

2.wedon'tstopclimatechange,manyanimalsandplantsintheworldwillbegone.

A.AlthoughB.WhileC.IfD.Until

【答案】C

【解析】考查状语从句。句意：如果我们不阻止气候变化，那么世界上的很多动植物都将会消失。动植

物不灭绝的前提条件是阻止气候变化。although尽管；while当……时候，尽管，然而；if•如果；

untilOL故C选项正确，

点睛：条件状语从句通常由引导同if或unless引导。条件是指某一件事情实现之后（状语从句中的动作）,

其它事情（主句中的动作）才能发生，通常译作“假如”。

3_alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience

A.TravelB.TravelingC.HavingtraveledD.Traveled

【答案】B

【解析】考查动名词。句意：沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。"—alongtheoldSilk

Road〃做主语，要用动名词，故B选项正确。

点睛：动名词是动词・ing形式的一种，兼有动词和名词特征。在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。

4.Susanhadquitherwell-paidjobandasavolunteerintheneighborhoodwhenIvisitedherlastyear.

A.isworkingB.wasworkingC.hasworkedD.hadworked

【答案】B

【解析】考查时态。句意：Susan已经辞去了高薪的工作。去年当我探望她的时候，她正在一个社区里做

志愿者。Susan辞职发生在她当志愿者之前，hadquit是过去完成时态，过去完成时态通俗的说就是"过

去的过去”，且结合时间状语whenIvisitedherlastyear可知，Susan做志愿者是过去的某个时间段发

生的情况，故该空应用过去进行时态。B选项正确。

点睛：过去进行时表示在过去某一时间段或某一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作或状态。

5.Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,helpsthemkeepfit.

A.whichB.whoC.asD.that

【答案】A

【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于她们保持健康。“一

helpsthemkeepfit"是非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰整个主句，引导词在从句中做主语，故该从学§

句应用关系代词which引导。A选项正确。

科§网…学§科§网…学§科§网…学§科§网…学§科§网…学§科§网…学§科§网…学§科§网…学§科§网…学§科§网…

学§科§网…学§科§网…

点睛：非限制性定语从句即可修饰主句的一部分，也可以修饰整个主句。其引导词的选择和限制性定语

从句的判断规则一致，即：第一、找准先行词；第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。需要注意的

是，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。

6.DuringtheMid-AutumnFestival,familymembersoftengathertogetherameal,admirethemoonand

enjoymooncakes.

A.shareB.toshareC.havingsharedD.shared

【答案】B

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在中秋节期间，家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼。gather

是谓语动词，"ameal,admirethemoonandenjoymooncakes"是状语，家人聚在一起的

目的是吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼，表目的用动词不定式，故B选项正确。

点睛：动词不定式可以做主语，状语，定语，宾语，表语等。动词不定式做目的状语时，可以置于主句之

前也可以置于主句之后，通常译为“为了”。

7.China'shigh-speedrailwaysfrom9,000to25,000kilometersinthepastfewyears.

A.aregrowingB.havegrownC.willgrowD.hadgrown

【答案】B

【解析】考查时态。句意：在过去的几年里，中国的高速铁路己经从9,000公里增长到25,000公里.该句

时间状语为inthepastfewyears。中国高速铁路的增长是从过去一直到现在几年里的情况，故该句应用

现在完成时态。B选项正确。

点睛：现在完成时可以表示过去的事情对现在的影响，也可以表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是

延续性的。常见的时间状语有;since+时间点/从句,fortwomonths,sofar,recently,inthepast/last

fewdays等。

8.Inanyunsafesituation,simplythebuttonandahighly-trainedagentwillgetyouthehelpyouneed.

A.pressB.topressC.pressingD.pressed

【答案】A

【解析】考查祈使句。句意：在任何不安全的情况下，仅仅掘一下这个按钮，一个训练有素的特工就会使

你得到你需要的帮助。and是连词，连接并列结构，and后面是一个句子，那么，前面也应是句子，选项

中只有动词原形可以构成祈使句，其余的都是非谓语动词，无法构成句子。故A选项正确。

点睛：祈使句+and/or+陈述句是一种常见结构。当前后两部分间为承接关系时，用and;前后意思为相反

关系时，用or。该句式中的陈述句部分常用一般将来时态。

9.Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswhointhemountainsfortwodays.

A.aretrappingB.havebeentrappedC.weretrappingD.hadbeentrapped

【答案】D

【解析】考查语态和时态。句意：一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。"who

_inthemountainsfortwodays*'是定语从句，修饰twotourists,twotourists和trap之间是被动

关系，该空应用被动语态。由risked可知，营救人员救游客是过去的事情，被困两天发生在营救人员救了

他们之前，即“过去的过去”，该空应用过去完成时态。综上，D选项正确。

点睛：过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”，其表达形

式为haddone.被动语态的表达形式为hadbeendone.

10.Ordinarysoap,correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.

A.usedB.touseC.usingD.use

【答案】A

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果正确使用的话，普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。Ordinarysoapcan

dealwithbacterialeffectively是主句，correctly是条件状语，修饰ordinaryso叩，ordinary

soap和use之间是被动关系，故要用过去分词，A选项正确。

点睛：过去分词所表示的一个含义就是“被动”。

11.Withouthissupport,wewouldn'tbe