英语四级真题长难句分析

1/14英语四级真题长难句分析1.四级真题长难句分析1.That’stheconclusionofarecentlyreleasedstudy,whichanalysed259bottlesfrom11brandssoldinninecountries,revealinganaverageof325plasticparticlesperlitreofwater.【分析】本句主干是“That’stheconclusion…”。ofarecentlyreleasedstudy作后置定语，修饰conclusion。which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰study，“revealing…perlitreofwater”是现在分词短语作伴随状语。【译文】这是最近公布的一项研究的结论，该研究分析了在九个国家出售的11个品牌的259瓶水，发现每升水中平均有325个塑料微粒。2.四级真题长难句分析Confrontedwiththisevidence,severalbottled-watermanufacturersincludingNestleandCoca-Colaundertooktheirownstudiesusingthesamemethodology.【分析】本句主干是“…severalbottled-watermanufacturers…undertooktheirownstudies…”。Confrontedwiththisevidence是过去分词短语作伴随状语；includingNestleandCoca-Cola是后置定语，修饰manufacturers；usingthesamemethodology是现在分词短语作方式状语。【译文】面对这一证据，包括雀巢、可口可乐在内的几家瓶装水生产商利用同样的方法进行了他们自己的研究。3.四级真题长难句分析Daysafterthedeadly2017wildfiresinSantaRosa,California,adronecaughtfootageofaUSPSworker,TrevorSmith,drivingthroughburnedhomesinthatfamiliarwhitevan,collectingmailinanaffectedarea.【分析】本句主干是“…adronecaughtfootageofaUSPSworker…”。Daysafterthedeadly2017wildfiresinSantaRosa,California是时间状语，drivingthroughburnedhomesinthatfamiliarwhitevan,collectingmailinanaffectedarea为现在分词短语作伴随状语。【译文】在2017年加利福尼亚州圣罗莎那场致命火灾过后几天，一架无人机捕捉到了一名美国邮政管理局员工特雷弗·史密斯的连续镜头，他正开着那辆熟悉的白色货车穿梭在焚毁的房子中间，收集灾区内的邮件。4.四级真题长难句分析ProfessorAshokGoelofGeorgiaTechdevelopedanartificiallyintelligentteachingassistanttohelphandletheenormousnumberofstudentquestionsintheonlineclass,Knowledge-BasedArtificialIntelligence.【分析】本句主干是“ProfessorAshokGoelofGeorgiaTechdevelopedanartificiallyintelligentteachingassistant…”。动词不定式结构tohelphandletheenormousnumberofstudentquestionsintheonlineclass为目的状语，Knowledge-BasedArtificialIntelligence为同位语，补充说明theonlineclass【译文】乔治亚理工学院的阿肖克·戈埃尔教授开发了一个人工智能助教来帮助处理名为“基于知识的人工智能”这个在线课程中大量的学生问题。5.四级真题长难句分析GoelandhisteamdevelopedseveralversionsofJillWatsonbeforereleasinghertotheonlineforums.【分析】本句主干是“Goelandhisteamdevelopedseveralversions…”。介词短语ofJillWatson作后置定语，修饰severalversions。beforereleasinghertotheonlineforums是时间状语。【译文】戈埃尔和他的团队开发了吉尔·沃森的几个版本，然后才把她发布到网上论坛。6.四级真题长难句分析Crowdfunding,raisingmoneyforaprojectthroughonlineappeals,hastakenoffinrecentyearsforeverythingfrommakingmoviestoproducingwater-savinggadgets.【分析】本句主干是“Crowdfunding…hastakenoffinrecentyearsforeverything…”。raisingmoneyforaprojectthroughonlineappeals是Crowdfunding的同位语；frommakingmoviestoproducingwater-savinggadgets是everything的后置定语。【译文】近年来，众筹，即通过网络募捐呼吁为某个项目筹集资金，在从制作电影到生产节水设备的各个领域蓬勃发展。7.四级真题长难句分析Otherfactorsmayalsosignificantlyinfluenceaproject’ssuccess,mostnotably,thesizeofascientist’spersonalandprofessionalnetworks,andhowmucharesearcherpromotesaprojectontheirown.【分析】本句主干是“Otherfactorsmayalsosignificantlyinfluenceaproject’ssuccess…”。mostnotably,thesizeofascientist’spersonalandprofessionalnetworks,andhowmucharesearcherpromotesaprojectontheirown对factors进行补充说明。【译文】其他因素也可能会对项目的成功产生重大影响，其中最显著的是科学家的个人人脉和职业网络的规模以及研究人员自身对项目的推动程度。8.四级真题长难句分析Thatistheconclusionofanewstudythatlookedathowrespiratoryvirusesspreadonairplanes.【分析】本句主干是“Thatistheconclusionofanewstudy…”。其后that引导的限制性定语从句修饰anewstudy，该从句中，howrespiratoryvirusesspreadonairplanes是宾语从句，作lookedat的宾语。【译文】这是一项新研究的结论，该研究关注的是呼吸道病毒如何在飞机上传播。9.四级真题长难句分析Researchersfoundthatonlypeoplewhowereseatedinthesamerowasapassengerwiththeflu,forexample—oronerowinfrontoforbehindthatindividual—hadahighriskofcatchingtheillness.【分析】本句主干是“Researchersfound…”。其后是that引导的宾语从句，作found的宾语。该从句中，主干是“onlypeople…hadahighriskofcatchingtheillness”，who引导的限制性定语从句修饰主语people。破折号中间的内容oronerowinfrontoforbehindthatindividual进一步解释说明乘客坐的位置。【译文】研究人员发现，例如，只有和流感乘客坐在同一排的人——或者他前一排或后一排的人——被传染的风险很高。10.四级真题长难句分析Theresearchersfoundthatpassengerssittingwithintwoseatsoneithersideofapersoninfectedwiththeflu,aswellasthosesittingonerowinfrontoforbehindthisindividual,hadaboutan80percentchanceofgettingsick.【分析】本句主干是“Theresearchersfound…”。其后是that引导的宾语从句，作found的宾语。该从句中，主干是“passengers…aswellasthose…hadaboutan80percentchanceofgettingsick”，两个sitting的现在分词短语作后置定语，分别修饰passengers和those，其中those指代上文出现的passengers。【译文】研究人员发现，坐在流感病人任何一侧两个座位之内的乘客，以及坐在此人前一排或后一排的乘客，生病的几率大约是80%。11.四级真题长难句分析

InoneUSstudythatanalysedthehealthdataof50,000peopleoversevenyears,researchersfoundthatthosewhomadebreakfastthelargestmealofthedayweremorelikelytohavealowerbodymassindex(BMI)thanthosewhoatealargelunchordinner.【分析】本句主干是“…researchersfoundthat…”。“thatthose…weremorelikelytohavealowerbodymassindex(BMI)thanthose…”是that引导的宾语从句，作found的宾语。在该宾语从句中又包含两个who引导的定语从句，分别修饰两个those。InoneUSstudy作状语，其中又包含一个that引导的定语从句，修饰study。【译文】在一项分析了七年来五万人健康数据的美国研究中，研究人员发现，与吃了大量午餐或晚餐的人相比，那些把早餐作为一天中最大一餐的人更有可能拥有较低的身体质量指数（BMI）。12.四级真题长难句分析Whattheyfoundwasthatitwasn’tbreakfastitselfthatcausedtheparticipantstoloseweight:itwaschangingtheirnormalroutine.【分析】本句主干是“Whattheyfoundwasthat…”，其中主语是What引导的主语从句，that引导表语从句。在该表语从句中又包含两个强调句itwasn’tbreakfastitselfthatcausedtheparticipantstoloseweight和itwaschangingtheirnormalroutine（其后省略了thatcausedtheparticipantstoloseweight）。【译文】他们发现，并不是早餐本身导致了参与者的体重下降，而是他们日常生活方式的改变造成的。13.四级真题长难句分析Whilethere’snoconclusiveevidenceonexactlywhatweshouldbeeatingandwhen,theconsensusisthatweshouldlistentoourownbodiesandeatwhenwe’rehungry.【分析】本句主干是“…theconsensusisthat…”，其中that引导表语从句。在该表语从句中又包含一个when引导的时间状语从句。While引导让步状语从句，其中含有what和when引导的宾语从句，when引导的宾语从句后省略了weshouldbeeating。【译文】虽然没有确凿的证据表明我们到底应该吃什么以及什么时候吃，但人们的共识是，我们应该倾听自己的身体，在感觉饿的时候吃东西。14.四级真题长难句分析Thisconnectionhappensnotonlybymeansofcollaborativedevelopment,reviewandtesting,butalsoatconferenceswherefacultyregularlydecideontheirtextbooksandcurriculaforthecomingyear.【分析】本句主干是“Thisconnectionhappens…”,其后bymeansofcollaborativedevelopment,reviewandtesting是方式状语，atconferences是地点状语，wherefacultyregularlydecideontheirtextbooksandcurriculaforthecomingyear是限制性定语从句，修饰conferences。【译文】这种联系不仅仅是通过协作开发、审查和测试得以实现，更是在教职人员通常召开的决定来年使用何种教材、开设何种课程的会议上体现出来。15.四级真题长难句分析Highlighting,Post-Itnotes,dog-earsandothertechniquesallowforfurthercustomizationthatstudentsvalueinprintbooksoverdigitalformsofbooks.

【分析】本句主干是“Highlighting,Post-Itnotes,dog-earsandothertechniquesallowforfurthercustomization…”,其后thatstudentsvalueinprintbooksoverdigitalformsofbooks是限制性定语从句，修饰customization。【译文】学生们可以通过划重点、贴备注、折书角以及其他方法进一步定制自己的课本，这正是学生们喜欢印刷书籍多过电子书籍的地方。16.四级真题长难句分析Theslugscanmanufacturechlorophyll,thegreenpigmentinplantsthatcapturesenergyfromsunlight,andholdthesegeneswithintheirbody.【分析】本句主干是“Theslugscanmanufacturechlorophyll…andholdthesegenes…”。thegreenpigmentinplants是chlorophyll的同位语，thatcapturesenergyfromsunlight是限制性定语从句，修饰thegreenpigment；withintheirbody是地点状语。【译文】海蛞蝓能够制造叶绿素，即植物体内可以从阳光中捕获能量的绿色色素，并且可以把这种基因保存在体内。17.四级真题长难句分析Theslugscanmanufacturechlorophyll,thegreenpigmentinplantsthatcapturesenergyfromsunlight,andholdthesegeneswithintheirbody.【分析】本句主干是“Theslugscanmanufacturechlorophyll…andholdthesegenes…”。thegreenpigmentinplants是chlorophyll的同位语，thatcapturesenergyfromsunlight是限制性定语从句，修饰thegreenpigment；withintheirbody是地点状语。【译文】海蛞蝓能够制造叶绿素，即植物体内可以从阳光中捕获能量的绿色色素，并且可以把这种基因保存在体内。18.四级真题长难句分析Theloweroxygenpressurefoundinanaircraftcabinisequivalenttothatat6,000-8,000feetofaltitude.【分析】本句主干是“Theloweroxygenpressure…isequivalenttothatat6,000-8,000feetofaltitude”。foundinanaircraftcabin是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰oxygenpressure，that指代oxygenpressure。【译文】飞机机舱内更低的氧气压相当于海拔6,000至8,000英尺的气压。19.四级真题长难句分析Unlessyou’resittingnexttosomeonewhoiscoughingorsneezing,youshouldn’tworrytoomuchaboutgettingsick.【分析】本句主干是“…youshouldn’tworrytoomuchaboutgettingsick”。句首Unless引导的是条件状语从句，who引导的限制性定语从句修饰someone。【译文】除非你坐在咳嗽或打喷嚏的人旁边，否则你不用太担心会生病。20.四级真题长难句分析

“What’shappenedisthatourfocusoncreatingthatqualityoflifefirsthasenabledtheresidentstolivehere