宾补的用法-新概念语法精讲课件

宾语补足语的用法英语的五个基本结构S十V 主谓结构S十V十P 主系表结构S十V十O 主谓宾结构S十V十O1(sb.)

十O2(sth.)

S+V+O2+for/to+O1

主谓双宾结构S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构说明：S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾语补足语

1．S十V句式Herunsquickly．他跑得快。2．S十V十P句式：Thestorysoundsinteresting。这个故事听起来有趣。3．S十V十O句式Theybuiltahouselastyear他们去年建了一所房子。4．S十V十O1十O2句式Heofferedmehisseat/hisseattome。他把座位让给我。5．S十V十O十C句式Theyfoundherhappythatday．Ifoundhimout．一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：1、名词：

Wemadehimourmonitor.Theythoughtthisgoodadvice.TheynamedtheirdaughterJenny.注①：常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有：

call,name,elect,make,think,appoint,choose,find,consider,keep,wish,feel等。注②：充当宾语补足语的名词若表示正式的或独一无二的头衔、职位时，前面一般不用冠词，如：

TheyelectedJohnchairmanofthecommittee.2、形容词：

Youshouldkeepyourroomcleanandtidy.We’dbetterleavethedooropen.注：常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有：

believe,think,get,keep,make,find,set,like,wish,see,consider,prove,have,leave,以及paint,drive,turn,cut等。3、现在分词：

I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsolong.Icouldfeelthecoldwindblowingonmyface.一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系：3、当过去分词充当宾语补足语时，它与宾语之间有着动宾关系，即：宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，如：

IonceheardthissongsunginJapanese.(ThissongwasoncesunginJapanese.)Ididn’twantthechildrentakenoutinsuchweather.四、使用不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号to

的取舍问题：1、在hear,listento,let,have,make,see,watch,notice,observe等动词后的不定式需省去to。2、feel一词，跟tobe型不定式带to；跟todo型不定式不带to。3、help一词后的不定式，可带to，也可以不带to。Practice单句改错Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldn’tmakehimselfunderstand.WeallelectedJasonthemonitor.Theteacheraskedusnotmakesomuchnoise.Whatanicefireyouhaveinyourfireplace!DuringthewinterIlikemyhousewarmlyandcomfortable.understoodtowarm5.Don’tleavethewaterrunwhileyoubrushyourteeth.6.Hepushedthedooropening.7.Shelookedaroundandcaughtamanputhishandintothepocketofapassenger.8.Withalotofdifficultproblemssettle,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.9.WhenIcamein,Ifoundaboyhidebehindthedoor.10.Itwasapitythatthegreatwriterdiedofhisworksunfinished.runningopenputtingtohiddenwithTellhim_____thewindow.toshutnotB.nottoshutC.tonotshutD.notshut2.There’saholeinyourbag.Iknow,I’mgoingtohaveit_____.mendB.mendingC.mendedD.tobemended3.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister____,todayhewasmade____byhislittlesister.cry;tocryB.crying;cryingC.cry;cryD.tocry;cry4.Theywouldnotallowhim_____acrosstheenemyline.toriskgoingB.riskingtogoC.forrisktogoD.riskgoing单项选择5.Ifoundthedoor_____whenIgothome.openedB.closeC.unlockingD.open6.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim___.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoD.donotto7.Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise____.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoon8.Withalotofdifficultproblems_____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.settled

B.settling

C.tosettle

D.beingsettled9.Iadvised_____atonce.himtostartingB.himtostartC.tostartingD.tostart10.WhenIputmyhandonhischest,Icouldfeelhisheartstill____.beatB.tobebeatingC.beatingD.wasbeating11.Youhadbettergetadoctor_____yourbadtooth.pulloutB.topulloutC.pulledoutD.pullingout12.Hemanagedtomakehimself____with

his____English.understand;breakingB.understand;brokenC.understood;breakingD.understood;broken主谓一致，是指主语和谓语动词要保持人称和数上的一致。

主谓一致的三个原则

A

坚持向前看

语法一致是指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系，主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；反之，谓语动词用复数形式。

Mychild

hasnointentionofspendingavacationwithme.

Mychildren

havenointentionofspendingavacationwithme.B

坚持向后看

意义一致是说谓语动词的单、复数要取决于主语所表达的概念，而不取决于表面上的语法标记。1.主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。Themajorityofprimaryschoolteachers

arewomen.

2.主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。Nonews

isgoodnews.

Basketball

isbecomingmoreandmorepopularinsomecities.C

就近原则

就近原则是指当主语由两个或两个以上名词或代词组成时，谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数一致。

There

is

asquaretableandsomechairsinthecenterofthedining-room.

EitheryourstudentsorWilliamknowsthis.

提示

一般说来，究竟何时采用何种原则，应视英语习惯用法而定。但在实际使用中，如果对上述三种原则捉摸不定时，遵循语法一致的原则是一种比较稳妥的方法。并列主语的主谓一致

A

由and连接的并列主语1.用and(或both...and)连接并列主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。

Ahammerandasaw（锯）

areusefultools.

★当and连接的两个名词是指组合到一起的一件完整的或成套的东西，或表示同一个人或一种概念时，谓语动词要用单数形式。

Thewriterandteacher

isspeakingatthemeeting.

必背

英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有：

ironandsteel

钢铁aneedleandthread针线awatchandchain

一块带链的表

acartandhorse一辆马车acoatandtie

配有领带的上衣

breadandbutter

黄油面包

aknifeandfork

刀叉比较

Ablackandawhitedogs

areplayingintheyard.

Ablackandwhitedog

isplayingintheyard.3.在each...andeach...,every...andevery...,no...andno...等结构之后，谓语动词用单数形式。

Eachboyandeachgirl

hasanapple.

Everyhourandeveryminuteisprecious.

Nobirdandnobeast

isseenonthelonelyisland.

4.带有并列动词的what从句作主语时，要根据意义一致的原则决定动词的数。

Whathesaysanddoes

donotagree.Whathesaysanddoes

doesnotconcernme.5.在某些成语中，一些并列主语用and相连时，其后谓语用单数。

Allworkandnoplay

makesJackadullboy.Earlytobedandearlytorise

makesamanhealthy,wealthyandwise.B

某些词组采取就近原则

以or,either...or,neither...nor,not...but,notonly...butalso等连接的名词(代词)作并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。

NeitherhenorI

amwillingtogoshoppingtoday.Notthestudentsbuttheirteacher

isinvitedtotheparty.－Are

eitheryouorhetogothere?

－Neitheris.

C

谓语动词的数不受某些词组影响

主语后跟有aswellas,asmuchas,alongwith,like,ratherthan,togetherwith,besides,including,inadditionto等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。

Themanager,ratherthantheworkers,isresponsiblefortheloss.

Nobodybutthreepolicemen

wasonthespot.单一主语的主谓一致

A

形复意单的名词作主语

形复意单的名词作主语(即形式为复数，意义为单数)，按意义一致的原则，用作单数意义时，谓语用单数，反之，谓语用复数。

1.许多学科名称，如mathematics,physics,economics,politics，以及news等名词作主语时，动词用单数。

News

istravelingfastnowadays.

2.用作国名、组织机构、书名、报刊名等复数形式的专有名词作为整体对待，谓语用单数。

TheTimes

reportsthenewsofthestrike.

GreatExpectations

waswrittenbyDickensin1860.

点津坊

如果山脉、群岛、瀑布等名称作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

TheGreatLakesliebetweentheUSAandCanada.

ThePhilippines

areinthewesternPacificOceansoutheastofChina.

3.一些形复意单的名词，包括有成双成套部分的衣物或工具名称，作主语时，谓语用复数。

Mybluetrousers

havebeenwornout.

Hisglasses

arenew.

提示这些名词如用apairof修饰时，谓语动词用单数。Theshoes

areunderthebed.

Thepairofshoes

isunderthebed.

4.单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则，用作单数意义时，谓语用单数；用作复数意义时，谓语有复数。这类名词有：sheep,deer,fish,means,works,species,Chinese,Japanese等。

The(This)glassworks

wassetupin1986.

Thisspeciesofroseisveryrare.

比较当这类名词前有a,sucha,this,that,every修饰时，谓语用单数；有all,such,these,those修饰时，谓语用复数。

Everymeans

hasbeentriedoutwithoutmuchresult.

Allmeans

havebeentriedoutwithoutmuchresult.B

集合名词作主语

集合名词表示有若干个体组成的集合体，如army,audience,class,club,company,crowd,government,group,party,population,team,union等。

1.集合名词作主语时，若表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数，若表示构成该集合体的成员，则谓语动词用复数。

Hisfamily

arewaitingforhim.Buttheman'sfamily

wassmall－onlyhimselfandhiswife.2.有些集合名词，如cattle（牛；牲畜）,folk(亲属）,people,police,youth等，作主语时，谓语动词用复数，即所谓的“形单意复”。

Thepolice

havecaughtthethief.

Thecattle

aregrazinginthefield.

3.有些无生命(表示物)的集合名词作主语，谓语用单数。

Allthefurnitureinmyroomisnew.

Alotofhikingequipment

isneededhere.4.疑问代词who,what,which作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。

Who

livesupstairs?ItisXiaoWang.

Who

livenextdoor?ItisLiandZhang.

5.不定代词作主语

如：some,all,any,none,more,most等词可以指复数名词和不可数名词，它们作主语时，视其文中的意义，判断动词用单数还是复数的形式。

None

aresogoodasthosewhoarealwaysreadytohelpothers.

None

issogoodashe.

D

数词、量词作主语

1.数词作主语，不论指人还是指物，谓语通常用复数。

Abouttwenty

knowthesecret.大约二十人知道这个秘密。

Six

aremissing.

丢了六个。2."morethanone+单数名词"结构作主语，尽管从意义上看是复数，但它的谓语动词用单数形式。但"more+复数名词+thanone"结构作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。

Morethanoneperson

hasknownthenews.

Morestudentsthanone

areforyourproposal.

3.oneoutoften或oneinten结构作主语，谓语动词应按照语法一致的原则，用单数。

Oneoutoften

wasbadlyinjuredintheaccident.

4."a+单数名词+ortwo"结构作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。但"oneortwo+复数名词"结构作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。

Awordortwo

ismissinghere.

Oneortwofriends

arecomingfordinnerthisevening.5."manya+单数名词"结构作主语，谓语动词需用单数形式。

Manyapassenger

waskilledintheaccident.

Manyaboy

hasbeentothecastle.

6."oneandahalf+复数名词"结构作主语，谓语动词需用单数形式。

Oneandahalfbananas

isleftonthetable.

Oneandahalfyears

haspassed.

7."分数或百分数+of+名词"结构作主语，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致。

Three-fourthsofitssurfaceoftheearthissea.

Two-thirdsofthepeoplepresentareagainsttheplan.

9.时间、价格、距离等作为整体看待时，谓语动词用单数形式。

Fiftykilometersisalongdistance.

Fourthousanddollars

ismorethanshecanafford.10.“alotof,lotsof,plentyof,aheapof,amassof,halfof+名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为of后面的名词是中心词，而of前面的量词是修饰语。

Lotsofdamage

wascausedbyfire.

Lotsofgoods

weresenttherebyair.

Halfoftheoranges

arebad.

Halfofthefoodisunfittoeat.11.在"anumber/totalof+名词复数"结构中，中心词是名词，谓语动词用复数形式。但在"thenumber/totalof+名词复数"结构中，中心词却是number或total，故谓语动词用单数形式Anumberofstudents

areplayingbasketballontheplayground.

Thenumberofpagesinthisbookis900.

12.在"agreatdealof/alargeamountof+不可数名词"结构作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。但"largeamountsof+不可数名词"结构作主语，谓语动词通常用复数。

Alargeamountofmoney

isspentontheproject.

Largeamountsofmoney

werespentonthefreeway.

13."therestof+可数名词或不可数名词"结构作主语，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致。Therestofthestudents

arewateringtrees.Therestofthewine

hasgonebad.其他情况的主谓一致

A

名词性从句和非谓语动词作主语

1.不定式短语、动词-ing形式和名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

Doingexperimentsisagoodwaytofindoutanswerstoquestions.

ThatIshallworkwithyou

isagreatpleasure.

点津坊

what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容如果是复数意义时，谓语动词可用复数形式。

Whatwewant

ismoretime.

Whattheyneedinthatareaaredoctorsandnurses.

B

名词化的形容词作主语

名词化的形容词指的是"the+形容词"结构，如：thebrave,thepoor,therich,theblind,theyoung,theold,thesick,thewounded,theinjured,theunemployed,thedying,theliving等。当这种结构作主语，表示一类人时，谓语动词常用复数形式；但也有少数的形容词与定冠词连用指个别的或表示抽象的概念时，谓语动词用单数。

Theyoung

aremoreactivethantheoldinthework.Thebeautiful

islovedbyall.

C

倒装句

倒装句的谓语动词的单复数应根据主语而定。Onthewallwere

severalfamouspaintings.1.Everyteacherandeverystudent______foundaStudents'Union.A.hasB.haveC.expectstoD.hopeto2.Nobodybutthem_____toknowaboutthematter.A.wantB.wantsC.havewantedD.werewanted3.Nothingbuttrousers__inthatsmallshop.A.wasworthyof20$B.wereworth20$C.wascost20$D.waspaid20$for4.Thedictionaryaswellasthebooksthat______picturesinthem______toher.A.has;belongsB.have;arebelongedC.has;belongD.have;belongs5.20%oftheworkofthewholeyear___finishedbytheirgrouplastmonth.A.hasbeenB.hadbeenC.wereD.wascBDDD6.Aknifeandfork________onthetable.A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.havebeing7.Neitherhisparentsnorhiswife________anythingaboutit.A.knowB.knowsC.haveknownD.isknown8.Fivedollars________toomuchforaticket.A.seemsB.seemC.seemtobeD.are9.Mostoftheapples________.A.wasrottenB.wererottenC.hasrottenD.haverotten10.Aboutonethirdoftheworkersinthatfactory________youngpeople.A.isB.hasbeenC.areD.havebeenABABC11.Notonlytheteacherbutalsothestudents______thechange.A.objecttoB.objectstoC.objectD.objects12.Everymeans________triedsincethen.A.hasbeenB.havebeenC.areD.is113.

Thispairoftrousers________mysister.A.isbelongtoB.arebelongC.belongtoD.belongsto114.

Ourteam________defeatedbytheirslastSunday.A.wasB.hadbeenC.hasbeenD.havebeen115.

Ourteam________takingshowerswhenthedoorwasknockedopen.A.wasB.areC.wereD.havebeenAADAC1.I,who

ateachermustbestrictandcarefulineverything.A.is B.am2.What

thepopulationofBeijing?A.is B.are

3.TheChinese

agreatpeople.A.is B.are4.Awomanwithababy

cominghere.A.isB.are5.Thegirlaswellastheboys

learnedtodriveacar.A.hasB.have6.Tofinishthework

hardwork.A.needs B.need7.Noteacherandstudent

intheschool.A.is B.are8.Wheneveranything

,pleasestayherequietly.A.happensB.happen.9.Manyaman

thestory.A.believes B.believeBABAAAAAA10.Morethanfivemen

diedintheaccident.A.has B.have11.

thereanypolicearound?A.Is B.Are12.Mytrousers

dirty.A.is B.are13.Apairofglasses

lyingonthechair.A.is B.are14.Ayearandahalf

alreadypassed.A.has B.have15.Thenumberofthestudentswho

partintheentranceexamination

great.A.takes,is B.takes,areC.take,is D.take,are16.Twelvepercentoftheworkershere

women.A.is B.are17.Hisfamily

notverylarge.A.is B.are18.Hisfamily

watchingTV.A.is BareBBBAACBAB19.Mostoftheearth

coveredwithwater.A.is B.are20.Mostofthecars

madeinShanghai.A.is B.are21.All

notgoldthatglitters.A.is B.are22.Manysheep

lookedafterbytheoldman.A.is B.are23.Breadandbutter

theirdailyfood.A.is B.are24.Nowanumberofyoungmen

verywell.A.cooksB.cook25.Thosewho

togotoNanjingpleasegetonthetrai