2023届上海市高考英语模拟试卷

试卷编号：23002

2022-2023学年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试

上海英语模拟试卷

纸笔考试youlook,butithasbeenedited.”

1.GrammarandVocabulary

SectionASectionB

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeused

grammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformoftheonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

givenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.A.breakthroughsB.consequentlyC.fictionD.historically

Norway'snewlawoneditedphotosE.human-causedF.long-standingGpictureH.reveal

AnewlawhasbeenputintoeffectinNorwayrecently.ThelawmakesitillegalforadvertisersandI.unaffectedJ.understandingK.unrecognized

socialmediainfluencerstosharepromotionalphotosonlinewithoutdisclosingwhethertheimages(1)

(alter).Itmodifiesthe2009MarketingandControlActandsetstogointoeffectwhentheKingANewDarkAgePossibility

ofNorwaydecidesit(2).Thelawconcernsadvertisersandpeople(3)receiveImagineafutureinwhichhumanity'swisdomaboutEarth-ourvastexperiencewithweathertrends,

"paymentorotherbenefit"inexchangefortheirposts.Itwillimpact"brands,companies,andinfluencers'fishmigrationpatternsandmuchmore—turnsout-of-date.Civilizationentersadarkageinits

sponsoredpostsJandconcernspostsonallsocialmediasites.____11ofourplanet.

Thenewlawrequiresdisclosuresforeditsthataremade(4)theimageistakenandbefore.Tocomprehendhowthiscouldoccur,12yourselfinourgrandchildren'stime.

Examplesofeditsthatpeoplewhoarebeingpaidforpicturesarerequiredtolabelinclude"enlargedlips,Significantglobalwanninghasoccurred,asscientistspredicted.Nature's13pattems-relied

narrowedwaists,andexaggeratedmuscles,"amongotherthings.onfbrmillenniabyhumanitytoplaneverything-arenolongersoreliable.Cyclesthathavebeenlargely

BodypressureinNorway,isamajortopicofconversationinthecountry,theMinistiyofChildrenrepeatablearedisrupted(打乱)bydramaticclimatechanges.

andFamilyAffairssaidinitsreport."YoungpeopleareexposedtoamassivepressuretolookgoodAsEarth'swarmingbecomesstable,newpatternsbegintoappear.Atfirst,theyarehardtoidentify.

throughadvertisingandsocialmedia,andthemodels(5)(display)areoftendigitallyretouched,Thesenewpatternsneedmanyyears—sometimesdecades-to14themselvesfully.Untilthen,

whichexposesyoungpeopletoanidealofbeautythatisimpossible(6)(achieve)?"fannerswillstruggletopredictnewseasonalpatternsandregularlyplantwrongcrops.Earlysignsof

By(7)(prohibit)advertisersandinfluencersfrompostingsuchphotoswithoutpropermajordisasterswillgo15.Disruptiveimpaciswillbewidespread.

documentationwithagovernment-authorizedstamp,theMinistrysaidithopestolessenthenegativeSuchadarkageisagrowingpossibility.Inarecentreport,scientistsconcludedthat

impactsofbodypressure(8)youngpeople."Itisespeciallyimportanttopreventthedesireto16globalwanningwasalreadychangingpatternsofsomeextremeweatherevents.

makemoreintrusiveandlong-lastingchangesinone'sownlook,"theMinistrysaid.OurfoundationofEarthknowledge,largelyobtainedfrom17observedpatterns,has

SomeofNorwa/stopinfluencershavethoughtpositivelyaboutthenewlaw,“Youngpeopletodaybeencentraltosociety'sprogress.Earlycultureskepttrackofnature'sebbandflow(起伏盛衰)，passing

(9)(grow)uptoacompletelyimprobablebeautyideal,"Husebye,whowasawarded"Influencer

improvedknowledgeaboutEarthtoeachnewgeneration.Sciencehasspedupthisprocessthrough

oftheYear”,said"Ifeelthatthenewlawcanonlyhelpthemtounderstandthatthisisnot(10)

advancedobservationmethods.werelookingatthem,whichlendsgrowncaninesapuppyishair.

However,asEarthwarms,ourhistoricalunderstandingwillturnout-of-datefasterthanwecanBornblindandbasicallydeafpuppiesaren't30intheirfirstweeksoflife,andWynne

replaceitwithnewknowledge.Somepatternswillchangesignificantly;otherswillbelargelynotesthatmanypeoplefindanimalsinthisstageunappealing.Arecentstudyfocusedonhumansshowed

18,thoughitwillbedifficulttosaywhatwillchange,byhowmuch,andwhen.that,31six-week-oldpuppies,six-month-oldbabiesareseenassignificantlycuterthan

Withoutbigscientific19,wewillremainreliantonpattern-basedmethods.Theproblemnewborns.

is,thesepatternswillbecomeincreasinglydifficulttotrack.PredictingextremeweathermaybecomeevenWhichbringsustothefinalpurposeofpeakcuteness:tomakeupfornewboni32.Asthe

tougherthanitistoday.We20willfacehugechallenges.psychologistsGaryShennanandJonathanHaidthaveproposed,thedelayedbeginningofcutenessin

Ourgrandchildrencouldgrowupknowinglessabouttheplanetthanwedotcxlay.Thisisnotwhatwehumanbabiesoffersbenefitsfarbeyondkickingour33instinctintooverdrive—italsoleads

wanttoleavethem,yetweareontheedgeofensuringthishappens.toafloodofsocialinteractions,suchaspetting,playing,andbaby-talking.These34are

developmentallycrucialtopuppiesaswell,buttheycan'lbecarriedoutveryeffectivelywiththe

II.ReadingComprehensionextremely35.Andso“oneisnotborncute,*'ShermanandHaidtconclude.44Onebecomes

SectionAcute?',

Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.21.A.randomlyB.internallyC.sociablyD.equally

Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.22.A.bindingB.exhibitingC.locatingD.protecting

"AHpuppiesarecute,"explainsCliveWynne,theheadofArizonaStateUniversity'scanine（犬科23.A.degreeB.timelineC.studyD.result

的）-sciencelaboratory."Butnotallpuppiesare21cute."Indeed,breedershavelongfound24.A.variedB.remindedC.matchedD.adjusted

thatpuppiesbecometheircutestselvesattheeight-weekmark.Andrecentresearchindicatesthatpeak25.A.passesdownB.coincideswithC.setsupD.reachesfor

puppycutenessservesimportantpurposes—andmightplayafundamentalrolein22dogand26.A.successB.informationC.survivalD.relaxation

ownertogether.27.A.essentialB.irresistibleC.familiarD.unknown

Inastudypublishedthisspring,Wynneandhiscolleaguessoughttopindown,scientifically,the28.A.hurtB.helpC.meanD.matter

23ofpuppycuteness.Theirfindinglargely24thatofbreeders:Peoplealways29.A.affectionB.courageC.conclusionD.direction

rateddogsmostattractivewhentheyweresixtoeightweeksold.Thisage,Wynnesays,25a30.A.helplessB.mysteriousC.silentD.interactive

crucialdevelopmentalmilestone:Motherdogsstopnursingtheiryoungaroundtheeighthweek,after31.A.contrarytoB.regardlessofC.similartoD.independentof

whichpupsrelyonhumansfor26.（Puppieswithouthumancaretakersfacedeathratesofup32.A.assistanceB.uglinessC.appealD.size

33.A.defendingB.competingC.developingD.caretaking

to95percentintheirfirstyearoflife.）Peakcuteness,then,isnoaccident—atexactlythemomentwhen

34.A.instinctsB.delaysC.purposesD.acts

ourcaremattersmost,puppiesbecome27tous.

35.A.weakB.oldC.youngDstrong

Itdoesn't28thathumansseemtohaveapreferenceforcutethings.Researchdatingbacktothe

1940sshowsthatvirtuallyanycreaturewithbabylikefeaturesiscapableofdrawingour29____.

SectionB

Butcaninecutenessisuniquelyhuman-directed,anditsstrategicdeployment（部署）isnotlimitedto

Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsor

puppies.Ina2017studyofdogsagedoneto12,psychologistsintheUnitedKingdomshowedthat

unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethat

people'spetsweresignificantlymorelikelytoraisetheirbrowsandstickouttheirtonguewhenhumans

fitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

（A）D.Ithasanunusuallylowmeltingtemperature.

Glassisaremarkablesubstancemadefromthesimplestrawmaterials.Itcanbecoloredorcolorless.38.Thepronoun"it"inthefourthlineofthelastparagraphrefersto.

Itislightweight,readilycleanedandreused,durableyetfragile,andoftenverybeautifulGlasscanbeA.featureB.glassC.mannerD.viscosity

decoratedinmultiplewaysanditsoptical（光学的）propertiesareexceptional.Inallitsvariousforms—as39.Accordingtothepassage,whycanglassbemoreeasilyshapedintospecificformsthancanmetal?

tableware,containers,inarchitectureanddesign-glassrepresentsam<ijorachievementinthehistoryofA.Ithasbetteropticalproperties.

technologicaldevelopments.B.Itresistsbreakingwhenheated.

SincetheBronzeAgeabout3,000B.C.,glasshasbeenusedformakingvariouskindsofobjects.ItC.Itstayshotwhileitsviscositychanges.

wasfirstmadefromamixtureofsilica,analkalisuchassoda,andetc,andtheseremainedthebasicD.ltgraduallybecomessofterasitstemperaturerises.

ingredientsofglassuntilthedevelopmentoflead（铅）glassintheseventeenthcentury.Whenheated,the

（B）

mixturebecomessoftandmalleable（可延展的）andcanbeformedbyvarioustechniquesintoavarietyof

Beforethe15009s,thewesternplainsofNorthAmericaweredominatedbyfarmers.Onegroup,the

shapesandsizes.Themassthusformedbymeltingthencoolstocreateglass,butincontrasttomost

Mandans,livedin（heupperMissouriRivercountry,primarilyinpresent-dayNorthDakota.Theyhad

materialsformedinthisway（metals,forinstance）,glasslacksthecrystallinestructurenormallyassociated

largevillagesofhousesbuiltclosetogether.ThetightarrangementenabledtheMandanstoprotect

withsolids,andinsteadmaintainstherandommolecularstructureofaliquid.Ineffect,asmoltenglass

themselvesmoreeasilyfromtheattacksofotherswhomightseektoobtainsomeofthefoodthesehighly

cools,itprogressivelystiffens,butdoessowithoutsettingupanetworkofinterlockingcrystals

capablefarmersstoredfromoneyeartothenext.

customarilyassociatedwiththatprocess.Thisiswhyglassbreakssoeasily.

Thewomenhadprimaryresponsibilityforthefields.Theyhadloexerciseconsiderableskillto

Anotherunusualfeatureofglassisthemannerinwhichitsviscosity（粘度）changesasitturnsfroma

producethedesiredresults,fortheirnorthernlocationmeantshortgrowingseasons.Winterwasoften

coldsubstanceintoahotliquid.Unlikemetalsthatflowort4freezeHatspecifictemperaturesglass

long;autumncouldcometogetherwithseverefrost（霜冻）.Forgoodmeasure,duringthespringand

progressivelysoftensasthetemperaturerises,goingthroughvaryingstagesofmalleabilityuntilitflows

summer,drought,heat,hail,grasshoppers,andotherfrustrationsmightawaitthegrower.

likeathickliquid.Eachstageofmalleabilityallowstheglasstobemadeintovariousforms,bydifferent

Undersuchconditions,Mandanwomenhadtogrowmaize,whichenduredterribleweather.They

techniques,andifsuddenlycooledtheobjectkeepstheshapeachievedatthatpoint.Glasscanthusbe

beganasearlyasitappearedfeasibletodosointhespring,dealingtheland,usingfiretoclearthefields

processedwithagreaternumberofheat-formingtechniquesthanmostothermaterials.

andthenplanting.Fromthispointuntilthefirstgreencomcouldbeharvested,thecroprequiredlaborand

36.Whydoestheauthorlistthecharacteristicsofglassinthefirstparagraph?

care.

A.Toshowthatglassismultipurpose.

Harvestingproceededintwostages.InAugusttheMandanspickedasmalleramountofthecrop

B.Todemonstratehowglassevolved.

beforeithadmaturedfully.Thisgreencomwasboiled,dried,andshelled,withsomeofthemaize

C.Toexplainglassmakingtechnology.

processedfbrimmediateconsumptionandthereststoredinanimal-skinbags.Laterinthefell,thepeople

D.Toexplaintheuseofeachingredientofglass.

pickedcom.Theysavedthebestoftheharvestfbrseedsorfortrade,withtheremaindereatenrightaway

37.Accordingtothepassage,howisglassthathascooledandbecomesoliddifferentfrommostother

orstoredforlateruseinundergroundreserves.Withappropriatebankingoftheextrafood,theMandans

solidsubstances?

protectedthemselvesagainstthedisasterofcropfailureandaccompanyinghunger.

A.Ithasvaryingphysicalfeatures.

Thewomenplantedsquash（南瓜）aboutthefirstofJune,andharvesteditnearthetimeofthegreen

B.Ithasarandommolecularstructure.

C.Ithasaninterlockingcrystalnetwork.comharvest.Aftertheypickedit,theyslicedit,driedit,andstrungtheslicesbeforetheystoredthem.

Onceagain,theysavedtheseedfromthebestoftheyear'scrop.TheMandansalsogrewsunflowersandEachcountryhasadifferentgeography,climateandcolonizationhistory.Yetremarkably,Schuster

tobacco;thelatterwastheparticulartaskoftheoldmen.says,thebestindicatorforspeciesdiversityiswhetheragivenareawasmanagedbyanindigenous

4O.TheMandansbuilttheirhousesclosetogetherinorderto.community.Hepointsoutthatpracticessuchassustainablehuntingandfishing,aswellasprescribed(规

A.sharefarmingimplementsB.guardtheirsuppliesoffood定的)burning,aremorelikelytooccurinsuchareas.DonHankins,anecologistatCaliforniaState

C.allowmoreroomforgrowingcomD.protectthemselvesagainsttheweatherUniversity,Chico,whoisamemberofthePlainsMiwokindigenousnationandwasnotinvolvedinthe

41.WhydoestheauthorbelievethattheMandanswereskilledfarmers?study,agrees."There'sprobablygoingtobemoreofaconnectiontotheland,"hesays,Mandauseofthe

A.Theydevelopedeffectivefertilizers.landfbrthethingsthatarethere,comparedtoanationalpark."

B.Theydevelopednewvarietiesofcom."It'sreallyimportanttolistentothepeoplewholiveonthelandandhavethemdrivetheefforts

C.Theycouldgrowcropsinmosttypesofsoil.goingfbrward^Schustersays,addingthatpartneringwithindigenouscommunitiesmayenabletheworld5

D.Theycouldgrowcropsdespiteunfriendlyweather.scountriestobettermeetawiderangeofconservationgoals:"Wereallyneedallthehelpwecangetasa

42.Throughoutthepassage,theauthorimpliesthattheMandans.globalcommunitytoavoidtheextinctioncrisisthatwe'refacingrightnow."

A.plannedfbrthefutureB.valuedindividuality43.Theword"indigenous“isclosestinmeaningto.

C.wereopentostrangersD.wereveryadventurousA.creativeB.effectiveC.localD.traditional

44.WhatconclusiondidSchusterdrawfromhisanalysis?

(C)A.Somethreatenedspecieswereinanevenworsesituation.

Scientists,conservationorganizationsandgovernmentstryingtoreversethetideofextinctionoftenB.Protectedlandsfailedtopreserveoverallspeciesrichness.

focuseffortsonprotectedareassuchasnationalparksandwildlifepreserves.ButwithasmanyasaC.Indigenousgroupsplayapositiveroleinwildlifeconservation.

millionspeciesatrisk,thisstrategymaynotbeenoughtoconservewildlife,especiallyinaworldD.ThetotaldiversityofwildlifewashigherinBrazilthaninAustralia.

increasinglydisruptedbyclimatechange.45.Whatcanbeinfenedfromthepassage?

SlowingthemassextinctionthatnowappearstobeunderwaywillrequiremorecreativemeansofA.Properhuntingorfishingwon'thaveanegativeeffectonbiodiversity.

coexistingalongsidewildplantsandanimals.AnewstudyemphasizestheeffectivenessofsomesuchB.Weshouldstopcountingonnationalparksfbrwildlifeconservation.

approachesbyexaminingindigenous-managedlands.C.Theextinctioncrisisismuchmoreseriousthanpreviouslythought.

“Weshowreallystronglythat,fromabiodiversitystandpointintermsofspeciesrichness,D.Morestudiesareneededtoexplorethehuman-naturebalance.

indigenous-managedlandsareatleastcomparabletoprotectedareas,"saysbiologistRichardSchusterof46.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?

CiirletonUniversity.Andinsomeplaces,theydofarbetterthanparksandpreserves—eventhoughA.Biodiversity:WhatWeHaveNeglected

indigenouscommunitiesmayusetheirlands'resourcesbyhuntingforfood.B.PartneringwithNationalParks

Schusterandhisteamanalyzedmorethan15,000areasinAustralia,BrazilandCanada.TheyfoundC.EffortsMovingForward

thatthetotaldiversityofbirds,mammals,amphibiansandreptileswashighestonlandseithermanagedorD.BeatingBackExtinction

co-managedbyindigenousgroups,whilerandomlyselectedlocationswithnoformalprotectionwerethe

leastbiodiverse.Forthreatenedspeciesinparticular,indigenouslandsscoredslightlyhigherthanSectionC

protectedlandsonoverallspeciesrichnessinBrazilandCanada,aswellashigherforthreatenedDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesgivenbelow.Eachsentencecanbe

amphibiansandreptilesinAustralia,mammalsinBrazil,andbirdsandreptilesinCanada.usedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.

A.Andthat'sjustafundamentalfeatureofhowourminds,andhowtheworld,works.III.SummaryWriting

B.EvenIcouldseethattherewasanother,moretruenarrative,withprideasitstheme.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaofthe

C.Insomeabstractsense,theyprobablydoknowthattheymightnothaveperformedpassageandhowitisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

aswellinsomeotherenvironment.AWorldofWater

D.Mycaseillustrateshowsuccessisalwaysjustified.Waterisessentialtolifeandwedependonit,yetmanypeopletakewaterfbrgranted.Asthe

E.Prideisapowerfulmotivator.populationoftheworldincreases,andwithitthedemandforwater,thereisgrowingconcern（hatour

F.Someofthosefactorsoccuragainandagain,makingthemeasytorecall.watersupplieswillnotproveadequate.Inareasnearthecoast,anobvioussolutiontothisproblemisto

findwaysofusingtheabundantsupplyofwaterfromthesea.

WhyWeSucceedWatercovers70%ofthesurfaceoftheearth,but98%ofthisisundrinkablesaltwaterHowever,fbr

Ourunderstandingofhumancognition（认知）providesoneimportantclueastowhywemayseecenturiesmanhasexperimentedwithdifferentmethodsofconvertingsaltwaterintofreshwaterina

successasinevitable:theavailabilityheuristic.Usingthiscognitiveshortcut,wetendtoestimatetheprocesscalleddesalination,wherebysaltandcontaminants（杂质）areremovedfromthewater.The

likelihoodofaneventoroutcomebasedonhowreadilywecanrecallsimilarinstances.Successfulcareers,challenge,nowadays,istodothisonamuchlargerscale.

ofcourse,resultfrommanyfactors,includinghardwork,talent,andchance.47OneplacewhichhasuseddesalinationfbrmanyyearsistheUnitedArabEmirates（theUAE）.It

Butothershappenrandomlyandthereforegetignoredwhenweconstructourlifestories.installedthefirstdesalinationplantsin1972,andnowadaysmostofthedrinkingwaterinthecountryis

Littlewonderthatwhentalented,hardworkingpeopleindevelopedcountriesstrikeitrich,theytendsuppliedbytheprocess.Newfiltrationsystemshavebeendevelopedtoreplacethetraditionalmethods,

toowetheirsuccesstotalentandhardworkaboveallelse.Mostofthemarevividlyawaieofhowhardwhichusedaheatingprocess.AnotherexampleisSaudiArabia,whosedesalinationplantsproducealmost

they'veworkedandhowtalentedtheyare.They'vebeenworkinghardandsolvingdifficultproblems25%oftheworld5sdesalinatedwater.Oneofthelargestplantsintheworldhasbeenconstructedthere,

everydayformanyyears!48Yettheirday-to-dayexperienceprovidesfewproducing300billionlitresannually.

remindersofhowfortunatetheywerenottohavebeenbornin,say,w