湖北省高一下学期期末考试英语试卷附带答案

第第页湖北省高一下学期期末考试英语试卷(附带答案）一、阅读理解Haveyourevertriedpodcasts(播客)?Ifyouwishtofeelhappier,orjustlearnrandomthings,clickhere.Herearesomeofthemostexcitingpodcastseriesthatcanhelpyouthroughyourlearningjourney.TenpercenthappierItwascreatedafterDanHarris,ajournalist,hadapanicattackonlivenationaltelevision.Thisledhimtotrymeditationtoheal.Duringthisjourney,hewrotethebook10%Happier,whichtalksaboutthestagesofhisdevelopment.Afterthebookbecameabest-seller,DanHarriscreatedthepodcast,invitingspecialguests,suchasmeditationteachersandscientiststotalkaboutpersonaldevelopment.DeliciouswaystofeelbetterEllaWoodwardisknownasawriterandbusinesswomanwhoownstheblog“DeliciouslyElla”.Sheapproachesasensitivesubjectaboutourrelationshipwithfood.Thispodcastcanhelpyoufixyournegativefoodexperienceswithpositiveones,whichcanresultinenjoyingalltypesoffoodinmoderationandrespectingyourbody’snaturalhungercues.PowerhourSometimes,it’schallengingtoseeourtruevaluewithinourselves,whichstopsusfromimproving.Ifyou’vebeendownlately,youmaywanttocheckoutthispodcast.“PowerHour”wascreatedbyAdrienneHerbert,awellnessprofessional.Shetalksaboutmotivation,trends,careerpathsandanythingaboutself-improvement.Professionalsareinvitedtodiscussimportantmatters.RoutinesandrutsSometimes,keepingyourhabitsinplacewhenlifeisputtingyoudownisnotthateasy.“RoutinesandRuts”canhelpyoumakeasignificantchangeinyourlife.ThepodcastisproducedbyMadeleineDore,awriterwholikestoexplorehowwecanspendourdaysinabalancedwaythatincludesbothproductivityandrelaxation.Shealsohassomeinterestingguests.1．Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A．Atravelbrochure. B．Awebsite.C．Acourseplan. D．Ascientificreport.2．Whichpodcastistargetedatpeoplewhoareinterestedindietadvice?A．Powerhour. B．Tenpercenthappier.C．Routinesandruts D．Deliciouswaystofeelbetter.3．Whatdothefourpodcastshaveincommon?A．Theyarebasedonpopularbooks.B．Theyofteninvitefamousprofessionals.C．Theyareallcreatedbyexperiencedwriters.D．Theymaycontributetoourpersonalgrowth.“TowardstheeIroll,thouall-destroyingbutunconqueringwhale;tothelastIgrapplewiththee;fromhell’sheartIstabatthee;forhate’ssakeIspitmylastbreathatthee.”CaptainAhab’sdyingdeclarationofdefiance(抗争)isamongthemostfamouspassagesinHermanMelville’snovel.Inreality,suchvictoriesofthehuntedoverthehunterwereafantasyinthecruelworldofindustrialwhaling.Thebiggestcetaceanofthemall,thebluewhale,hadallbutdisappearedfromtheSouthernOceanbythetimeabanonhuntingitwasintroducedin1967.Sightingsofthelargestmammalevertoliveontheearthhadbeenrareintheregionsincethen.Notanymore.AsurveyofcoastalwatersaroundtheislandofSouthGeorgiainthesub-Antarctichashadremarkableresults.Injustoverthreeweeks,inthekrill-richwatersofwhatwasoncetheirmainfeedingground,themovementsof55AntarcticblueswererecordedbytheBritishAntarcticSurvey.Thefindingwasdescribedas“truly,trulyamazing”byonecetaceanspecialist.Itsuggeststhatwhenacomprehensiveaudit(审计),duein2021,iscarriedout,thereisagoodchancethatthespecieswillprovetobeinfullrecoverymode,asarehumpbacksandotherwhalesinthesouthernhemisphere.Threeyearsago,theNaturalHistoryMuseumestablisheda25mskeleton(骨架)ofabluewhaleandnameditHope,intendingtoinspirenewgenerationstobuildasustainablefuture.Thereturnoftheworld’smostsplendidoceantravellerstosouthernwatersshouldserveasanexampleforwiderpossibilitiesofconservation.Ecologicalwrongscanberighted,oratleastmitigated,withsufficientwillandorganisations.Themoregeneralcomebackofthewhale-forwhichenvironmentalcampaignersshouldtakeagreatdealofcredit—canbeaninspirationforvictoriesyettobewon.Itcouldalsoactasanaddedmotivationtoactionontheclimateemergency.4．What’stheauthor’spurposeofmentioningthefamouspassageinHermanMelville’snovel?A．Todescribeahunter’sbravery. B．Tointroducethetopicofthetext.C．Tostressthepopularityofthenovel. D．Toofferinformationaboutwhalehunting.5．Whywasa25mskeletonofabluewhalenamedHope?A．Toattracttouriststovisitthemuseum.B．Toshowtheunkindnessofwhalehunters.C．Tomotivatehumanstoliveharmoniouslywithnature.D．Tocallonpeopletopayattentiontothebluewhales’habitat.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mitigated”inparagraph6probablymean?A．Developed. B．Promoted. C．Reduced. D．Solved.7．What’sthebesttitleofthetext?A．Thebluewhales’comeback B．ThecrueltyofindustrialwhalingC．Theimportanceofprotectingwhales D．ThesustainabledevelopmentoftheAntarcticareaDuringits300orsoyearsinBritain,teahaschangedfromtheexotic(异国情调的)totheordinary.HistoriansliketoaskwhytheIndustrialRevolutiontookplacehereinthe18thcenturyandnotelsewhereinEuropeorAsia.Severalhistoriansarguethatsugarplayedasignificantroleinfullingworkers.Coulditbethatsweet,boiledwaterwithamildlyaddictiveplantproducedahealthieraswellasmoreenergeticpopulationjustwhenEnglandneededlabour?ThatappearstobethecaseputforwardbyFranciscaAntman,aneconomistattheUniversityofColorado.Itisnotanewthesis,butProfessorAntmanprovidesthefirstquantitativeevidencethatteadrinkingpoweredtheIndustrialRevolution,byincreasingthehealthofworkers.Herstudyrevealsthatthepracticeofboilingwaterfortealowereddeathratesby25%inlowerwater-qualityareas.This“accidentalimprovement”,sheargues,occurredjustaspeopleweremovingintocities,wherethecrowdingtogetherwouldotherwisehaveledtoseriousepidemics.Instead,thecountrypossessedahealthypooloflabourneededforindustrialisation.Oneofthekeymomentsthatshiftedteafromaluxurygoodtoamassmarketdrinkcame,theAntmanpaperargues,in1784whentheteataxwascutfrom119%to12.5%atonestroke.Bytheendofthecentury,eventhehumblestfarmerdrankteatwiceaday.TheEastIndiaCompanyalsomuscledoutanopponent—coffee—bypushingitsteainthehomemarket.Teagardensmadethedrinkaculturalcustom,asdidtheworker’steabreak.ProfessorAntmanargues,“WhyEnglandexperiencedadeclineindeathratesoverthisperiodwithoutanincreaseinwages,livingstandards,ornutritioncanbeexplainedinpartbythewidespreadadoptionofteaasthenationaldrinkandincreasedconsumptionofboiledwater”.8．WhatdoweknowaboutProfessorAntman’sstudy?A．Itoffersstatisticalproof. B．Itpresentsanewthesis.C．Itfocusesonworkefficiency. D．Itfiguresoutlabourdemand.9．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“accidentalimprovement”inparagraph2referto?A．Thedeclineofdeathrate. B．Theremovalofepidemics.C．Thepopularityofteadrinking. D．Theprocessofmovingtocities.10．Whatcanweinferfromparagraph3?A．Teawasill-receivedbyfarmers. B．CoffeemadepushintoBritishmarket.C．Taxcutmadeteaanaffordableproduct. D．Workersenjoyedteabreaksingardens.11．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．BritishTea,fromExotictoOrdinary B．ACupofTea,aBritishCulturalGeneC．WhytheBritishDrinkSoMuchTea? D．HowTeaAffectsIndustrialRevolution?Onewaytopreventanxietyfromgettingoutofcontrolistorecognizeitsbenefits.Itisamistaketothinkthatwecanmakebetterdecisionsifwekeepourfeelingsundercontrol.Instead,amixoffeelingslikeanxietyandlogicalthinkingleadstosounddecision-making.Thereisplentyofresearchshowingthathigherlevelsofanxietycanmakeusmorelikelytoavoidrisksinourdecision-making.Thereisalsoevidencethatanxietycanincreasetheattentionyoupaytorelevantinformation.Recentstudieshaveshownthatpeoplewhoareanxiousabouttheirrelationships(forexample,theyfeartobeabandoned)tendtobebetteratrecognizingpeoplewhotellliesandaremorelikelytoraisethealarmwhendangerapproaches.Intherealworldthough,it’sworthrealizingthatfeelinganxiousforawhileisverycommon.Ithelpsyoucommunicatewithothersthatyoucareabout,andwhat’smore,it’sprobablyasignthatyouareintelligent.Atleasttwopublishedstudieshaveidentifiedthatpeoplewhoscorehigheronmeasuresofanxietyalsotendtoperformbetteronintelligencetests.Thisseemsreasonable:Ifyou’reathinker,youaresuretobealwaysthinkingaboutthefutureandimaginingpossibleplots,includingbadones.Theimportantthing,ifyouareapersonlikelytoworry,isnottoletyourfeardestroyyourdreams.Anddon’tburyyourheadinthesand.Instead,actonyourfears-doresearchaswellaspreparation.Soratherthanwalkblindlyintowhatyoufear,whynotmeetchallengesinfullreadiness?Whenanxietybeatsyou,orcastsashadowoveryourlife,thisisaseriousproblem.Nooneisdenyingthat.Butlikeeverydayanxietyofthiskindthatyoufeelbeforeapresentationorinterview,youneedn’tseeitasyourenemy.Anxietyisanimportantfeeling，developedthroughevolution(进化).Asforpeoplewhoarefairlyanxiousbynature,thereisareasontocheer,too.Yournervesareasignofyourwatchfulness.Listentothemandactonthem.Thenyoucanturnyournervousnessintoyouradvantage.12．Whatcanweinferaboutanxietyfromparagraph1?A．Itenablesustobemorefocused.B．Itstopsusfromthinkinglogically.C．Itmakesusmorewillingtotakerisks.D．Itcontributestobaddecision-making.13．Whatcanbelearnedaboutanxiouspeople?A．Theysensedangerinadvance.B．Theyscorehigherintests.C．Theyprefertointeractwithstrangers.D．Theytendtobethoughtfulaboutfuture.14．Howshouldwedealwithanxietyintheauthor’sopinion?A．Byregardingitasourenemy.B．Bytakingactiontocontrolit.C．Bymakinguseofitproperly.D．Bytreatingitasaminorfeeling.15．Whatdoesthepassagefocuson?A．Effectivewaystopreventanxiety.B．Unexpectedbenefitsofanxiety.C．Tipsonhowtokeepagoodmood.D．Misunderstandingsaboutanxiety.二、七选五GrieveHerMumThroughCookingGriefandmourningcanbeexpressedinmanyways.16.Shefoundcomfortthroughcookinghermother’srecipesinaplannerandinturn,learnedabouthermother.Herattitudetolifewasmirroredinhercooking.Alongwiththeloveoffoodandfamily,hermother,andhergrandmotherbeforeher,hadpasseddownacarvedwoodenspoon.Itwasgivenfromonetothenext.17.Sheinheritedthisspoonandthepassionhermotherhad.Afterhermother’sdeath,Debbiealsofoundtheplannercontainingthesedetaileddinnerpartyplansandrecipes.Hermotherwasnotgone.18.AndDebbiehaslearnedalotabouthersinceshebegancookingherfood.19.Intryingtomakeouthermother’snotes,Debbiehasbondedagainwithherfatherinsharedgriefandunderstanding.AskingDadwhoiswho,whatiswhatandlearningandunderstanding,Debbiehasbeenabletoseeanewsideofhermother.EverythingDebbieiscookingisinherited,asisthejoyandsenseofachievementshefeels.Whenshebegancookingwithhermotherasakid,shewasinchargeofturningthetoast,tostopitcatching.Nowsheisholdingthespoon,addingthespicesandstilllookingupfromthestovetohermum.20.A．ItwasnevereasytolosesomeoneweloveB．ShewasguidingherthroughalifetimeoffoodC．WhenitreachedDebbie,itwaswornandperfectD．ShefeltasenseofachievementincookingherfoodE．Sheisalwaysgoingtobehermother’skitchenfollowerF．DebbiefoundanewanduniquewaytomournhermumG．However,shewasleftwithsomeconfusionatsomerecipes三、完形填空Tobeatthebluesofstayingathomeallday,I21an‘onlinebookexchange’onaccountofmyfriends.Detailswere22tounderstand,andIspenthourstryingtomakeitclear.Ihadmydoubts,though.Forone,itinvolved23acopyofyourfavoritebooktoacompletestranger,andthenwaitingforaseriesofpeopleto24thechain,tillyoureceivedsomebooks25,fromcompletestrangers.AnaturalpessimistIam,I26ifIwouldreceiveanybooks.But27,Isentacopyofmyfavorite,JeffreyArche’sTheEleventhCommandment,toastranger.Dayslater,Iwas28whenthefirstbookarrived!Andsoonfollowedanother10booksthatIhadneverinmywildestdreamsimaginedIwouldreceive.Overthenexttwoweeks,bookskept29,rangingfromDrAbdulKalam’sautobiography(自传)toCharlotteJaneEyreandabestsellingJapanesethriller.Ieven30myafternoonnap(午觉),readytoopenthedoor31anotherbookwasdelivered.Thereissomethingintimate(亲密的)aboutexchangingbookswithstrangers.By32abookwithsomeone,Ibelieveweendupsharingapartofoursoulwiththem.Thepostingaboutthebookexchangeonsocialmediabroughtme33tomanyoldfriends,withwhomIhadlosttouchduetothe34schedulesweallhadbeforeCOVID-1935ourplans.ItfiredlongdiscussionsabouttryingoutwineinVietnam.21．A．lookedupto B．tookpartin C．keptupwith D．gotholdof22．A．possible B．boring C．difficult D．important23．A．recommending B．explaining C．sending D．selling24．A．continue B．discover C．check D．recognize25．A．nowandthen B．intime C．moreorless D．inreturn26．A．reported B．observed C．wondered D．regretted27．A．bravely B．delightedly C．willingly D．doubtfully28．A．disappointed B．puzzled C．amused D．astonished29．A．comingout B．pouringin C．working D．disappearing30．A．worriedabout B．lookedforwardto C．gotbackto D．gaveup31．A．incase B．evenif C．asthough D．sothat32．A．delivering B．sharing C．collecting D．discussing33．A．closer B．kinder C．moreserious D．moresensitive34．A．irregular B．natural C．busy D．flexible35．A．cancelled B．dropped C．opposed D．ruined四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheGrandCanal(大运河),thebloodlinethatflowsthroughtheheartsofChinesepeople,has36

historyofmorethan2,500years,37(consist)oftheBeijing-HangzhouGrandCanal,theSuiandTangGrandCanalandtheZhedongCanal.TheGrandCanal,theworld’slongestman-madewaterway,whoseconstructionhasshapedthecultureandcommerceofthecountry,38

(stretch)nearly3,200kilometersalongtheeastofChina.Beforeitwasbuilt,peopleinancientChinareliedheavilyonhorsesandoxen,or39(simple)traveledbyfoottotradegoods,whichlimitedtheextent40whichgoodscouldbetraded.ButtheGrandCanalconnectedthenorthandthesouth,allowingforthe41(expand)oftrade.Infact,theGrandCanalfacilitatedthetransportofmaterialsfortheconstructionoftheForbiddenCity.Thepalacecomplex42(build)usingmaterialsfromdifferentpartsofthecountry.Resourceslikethebricks43(fire)inShandongandJiangsu,andgiganticwoodcutinHunanweretransportedtotheimperialcityalongthecanal’svarious44(section).TheGrandCanalnotonlybroughtprosperitytocitiesalongtheroute,butalsonourishedtheevolutionofChineseculture.Itwasanenvironment45peoplecouldsharetheirexperiences,traditionsandculturewithothers.Today,theboomoftheareaisasceneofthepast,butthespiritofopennesshasbecomepartofthelocalculture.五、其他应用文46．神舟十三号顺利升空，王亚平成为我国第一个太空行走的女性航天员；她十几年如一日刻苦训练，从不言弃，终于实现了自己的航天梦。你校正组织向她学习的征文活动，请你写一篇英语短文，介绍她的优秀品质，并谈谈作为青年人如何向她学习。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。MySpaceHero___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________六、读后续写47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Onhiswayhome,Tommysawagray,long-hairedcatsittingonthesidewalk.Ashestoppedtopether,henoticedthatshewasnotwearingacollar(项圈).Sherubbedherheadagainsthishand.SheremindedTommyofSmoky,thecathehadwhenhewasyounger.Smoky’sfurhadbeenlongandgraytoo.Tommypettedthecatforawhile.Thenhesaid,“Ihavetogo,”andcontinuedtogohome.Tohissurprise,thecatfollowedhimontheway.WhenTommywashome,hewalkeduptheporch(门廊)stepsandwentintothekitchen.Thecatfollowedhimupthestepsandsatquietlyoutsidethedoor,watchinghimclosely.Tommymadeasandwich.Thecatcontinuedtostareathim.Tommysighed.“Iknowit’snotagoodideatofeedastraycat(流浪猫),”hesaid,“butyoulooksohungry!Ican’tsithereandeatwithoutfeedingyou!”Tommyputsometurkeyonaplateforthecat.AsTommywatched,sheateeverypieceoftheturkeyandthenbegantocleanherface.“Wow!”Tommysaid,“Youmusthavebeenstarving.Iwonderhowlongithasbeensincesomeonefedyou.”Tommyfinishedhissandwichandlookedatthecat.Herlongfurwasmatted(缠结),TommyrememberedthatSmoky’sbrushandtoyswereinthestoreroom.“I’mgoingtocleanyouupalittle,”Tommysaidtothecat.HefoundSmoky’sbrushandgottowork.Asthedirtcameout,thecat’sfurbegantogetlighter.“Hey!”Tommysaid,realizingthetruth.“You’renotgray—you’rewhite!”Afterthebrush,thecatclimbedontoTommy’slap.“You’resofriendly.Youprobablybelongtosomeone,”Tommysaid.“Ibetyou’rejustlost.”WhenTommy’sfathercamehome,Tommyshowedhimthelovelycat.“Whydon’tyoumakesomenoticestoputupintheneighborhood?”hisfathersuggested.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Tommynoddedhisheadandsaid,“Thatisafantasticidea!”_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Staringatthelovelycat,Tommythoughthewassuretohavethechance._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案：1．B2．D3．D【导语】这是一篇应用文。介绍了四种有助于丰富自我、培养健康的生活方式的播客。1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Haveyourevertriedpodcasts?Ifyouwishtofeelhappier,orjustlearnrandomthings,clickhere.(你试过播客吗？如果你想感觉更快乐，或者只是随便学点东西，点击这里)”可知，根据“点击这里”可知，本文来自网站。故选B项。2．细节理解题。根据小标题Deliciouswaystofeelbetter下的段落中“Thispodcastcanhelpyoufixyournegativefoodexperienceswithpositiveones,whichcanresultinenjoyingalltypesoffoodinmoderationandrespectingyourbody’snaturalhungercues.(这个播客可以帮助你用积极的食物体验来改变消极的食物体验，这可以让你适度地享受所有类型的食物，并尊重你身体的自然饥饿信号)”可知，Deliciouswaystofeelbetter是针对饮食建议感兴趣的人的。故选D项。3．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Herearesomeofthemostexcitingpodcastseriesthatcanhelpyouthroughyourlearningjourney.(这里有一些最令人兴奋的播客系列，可以帮助你完成你的学习之旅)”可知，这四个博客都能帮助人成长。故选D项。4．B5．C6．C7．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在环保人士的努力下，更多的蓝鲸正在逐步回归海洋。4．推理判断题。根据第一段““TowardstheeIroll,thouall-destroyingbutunconqueringwhale;tothelastIgrapplewiththee;fromhell’sheartIstabatthee;forhate’ssakeIspitmylastbreathatthee.”CaptainAhab’sdyingdeclarationofdefiance(抗争)isamongthemostfamouspassagesinHermanMelville’snovel.(“我向你滚来滚去，你这条毁灭一切却又不可战胜的大鲸；我要与你搏斗到底；我从地狱之心刺向你；为了仇恨，我向你吐出最后一口气。”亚哈船长临死前的反抗宣言是赫尔曼·梅尔维尔小说中最著名的段落之一)”以及第二段“Inreality,suchvictoriesofthehuntedoverthehunterwereafantasyinthecruelworldofindustrialwhaling.Thebiggestcetaceanofthemall,thebluewhale,hadallbutdisappearedfromtheSouthernOceanbythetimeabanonhuntingitwasintroducedin1967.(实际上，在残酷的工业捕鲸世界里，这样的被捕者对猎人的胜利只是一种幻想。其中最大的鲸类动物蓝鲸，在1967年禁止捕猎蓝鲸时，几乎从南大洋消失了)”可推知，作者提到赫尔曼·麦尔维尔这部小说中最著名的桥段之一，是为了引出本文要讨论的话题。故选B。5．细节理解题。根据第五段“Threeyearsago,theNaturalHistoryMuseumestablisheda25mskeleton(骨架)ofabluewhaleandnameditHope,intendingtoinspirenewgenerationstobuildasustainablefuture.(三年前，自然历史博物馆建立了一具25米长的蓝鲸骨架，并将其命名为“希望”，旨在激励新一代建设可持续发展的未来)”可知，一具25米长的蓝鲸骨架被命名为“希望”是为了激励人类与自然和谐相处，建设可持续发展的未来。故选C。6．词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Ecologicalwrongscanberighted,oratleast”以及后文“withsufficientwillandorganisations.”可知，“atleast”的语意比righted轻，说明只要有足够的意愿和组织，生态错误是可以纠正的，或者至少是可以减轻的。故画线词意思是“减少”。故选C。7．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Sightingsofthelargestmammalevertoliveontheearthhadbeenrareintheregionsincethen.Notanymore.AsurveyofcoastalwatersaroundtheislandofSouthGeorgiainthesub-Antarctichashadremarkableresults.(从那以后，在这个地区很少能看到这种地球上最大的哺乳动物。现在不是了。对亚南极南乔治亚岛周围沿海水域的调查取得了显著成果)”结合文章主要介绍了在环保人士的努力下，更多的蓝鲸正在逐步回归海洋。A选项“蓝鲸的回归”符合语境。故选A。8．A9．A10．C11．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一项研究发现，喝茶通过增进工人健康推动了工业革命。8．细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“Itisnotanewthesis,butProfessorAntmanprovidesthefirstquantitativeevidencethatteadrinkingpoweredtheIndustrialRevolution,byincreasingthehealthofworkers.Herstudyrevealsthatthepracticeofboilingwaterfortealowereddeathratesby25%inlowerwater-qualityareas.”（这不是一个新论题，但Antman教授提供了第一个量化的证据，证明喝茶通过增进工人健康推动了工业革命。她的研究表明，在水质较低的地区，用开水泡茶的做法可以降低25%的死亡率。）可知，Antman教授的研究并不是一个新论题，但她为这项研究提供了第一个量化的证据，她的研究表明，在水质较低的地区，用开水泡茶的做法可以降低25%的死亡率，由此可知，Antman教授的研究提供了统计证明。故选A项。9．词义猜测题。根据画线短语上文“Herstudyrevealsthatthepracticeofboilingwaterfortealowereddeathratesby25%inlowerwater-qualityareas.”（她的研究表明，在水质较低的地区，用开水泡茶的做法可以降低25%的死亡率。）可知，在水质较低的地区，用开水泡茶的做法可以降低25%的死亡率，由此可知，下文指的是在人们迁入城市时，拥挤在一起会导致严重的流行病，而饮茶有助于“死亡率的下降”就是在这种情况下发生的，由此可知，画线短语指的是“死亡率的下降”。故选A项。10．推理判断题。根据第三段关键句“Oneofthekeymomentsthatshiftedteafromaluxurygoodtoamassmarketdrinkcame,theAntmanpaperargues,in1784whentheteataxwascutfrom119%to12.5%atonestroke.Bytheendofthecentury,eventhehumblestfarmerdrankteatwiceaday.”（Antman认为，1784年，茶税一举从119%降至12.5%，这是将茶从奢侈品转变为大众市场饮料的关键时刻之一。到本世纪末，即使是最卑微的农民也每天喝两次茶。）可知，茶税从119%降至12.5%，这是将茶从奢侈品转变为大众市场饮料的关键时刻之一，茶不再是一种奢侈品，而是大众能负担得起的产品，由此可知，减税使茶叶成为一种负担得起的产品。故选C项。11．主旨大意题。结合第二段关键句“Itisnotanewthesis,butProfessorAntmanprovidesthefirstquantitativeevidencethatteadrinkingpoweredtheIndustrialRevolution,byincreasingthehealthofworkers.”（这不是一个新论题，但Antman教授提供了第一个量化的证据，证明喝茶通过增进工人健康推动了工业革命。）可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究发现，喝茶通过增进工人健康推动了工业革命，D项“HowTeaAffectsIndustrialRevolution?”意为“茶叶如何影响工业革命？”选项能够概括文章主要内容。故选D项。12．A13．D14．C15．B【导语】本文为一篇说明文。人们通常认为我们应该控制焦虑才能做出更好地做决策，但研究表明焦虑有很多好处，所以我们不应该把焦虑视作敌人，而应该正确应对焦虑，化焦虑为优势。12．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Thereisalsoevidencethatanxietycanincreasetheattentionyoupaytorelevantinformation.(同样也有证据表明焦虑可以提高你对相关信息的注意力)”可知，焦虑能帮助我们集中注意力，故选A。13．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Atleasttwopublishedstudieshaveidentifiedthatpeoplewhoscorehigheronmeasuresofanxietyalsotendtoperformbetteronintelligencetests.Thisseemsreasonable:Ifyou’reathinker,youaresuretobealwaysthinkingaboutthefutureandimaginingpossibleplots,includingbadones.(至少两个研究表明，焦虑程度高的人往往智力测试分数越高，这是有道理的：如果你是个思考者，你肯定会一直去撕开未来，并想象可能发生的事情，包括不好的事情)”可推知，焦虑的人对未来思考更多，故选D。14．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Listentothemandactonthem.Thenyoucanturnyournervousnessintoyouradvantage.(我们应该倾听自己的焦虑且付出行动，将紧张转变为优势)”可知，在作者看来我们应该倾听自己的焦虑且付出行动，将紧张转变为优势，即合理运用紧张，故选C。15．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段作者指出“Thereisplentyofresearchshowingthathigherlevelsofanxietycanmakeusmorelikelytoavoidrisksinourdecision-making.Thereisalsoevidencethatanxietycanincreasetheattentionyoupaytorelevantinformation.(多个研究表明焦虑可以让我们在决策中避免风险。同样也有证据表明焦虑可以提高你对相关信息的注意力)”可知，全文都是围绕焦虑的好处展开，故文章主要讲述焦虑带来的好处。故选B。16．F17．C18．B19．G20．E【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要说明了黛比通过烹饪母亲的食谱，来纪念母亲的事情。16．根据上文“Griefandmourningcanbeexpressedinmanyways.(悲伤和哀悼可以用多种方式表达)”以及后文“Shefoundcomfortthroughcookinghermother’srecipesinaplannerandinturn,learnedabouthermother.Herattitudetolifewasmirroredinhercooking.(她把母亲的食谱做成菜谱，以此来安慰自己，同时也了解了母亲。她对生活的态度反映在她的烹饪上)”可知，本句是在说明某人哀悼他人的不同方式，后文she指代F选项中Debbie。故F选项“黛比找到了一种新的独特的方式来哀悼她的母亲”符合语境，故选F。17．根据上文“Alongwiththeloveoffoodandfamily,hermother,andhergrandmotherbeforeher,hadpasseddownacarvedwoodenspoon.Itwasgivenfromonetothenext.(除了对食物和家庭的热爱，她的母亲和她的祖母还传下来了一个雕刻的木勺。这是一个人给另一个人的)”以及后文“Sheinheritedthisspoonandthepassionhermotherhad.(她继承了这个勺子和她母亲的热情)”可知，上文提到木勺在家庭中传递，C选项中it指代上文woodenspoon。故C选项“当它到黛比手里时，它是磨损和完美的”符合语境，故选C。18．根据上文“Afterhermother’sdeath,Debbiealsofoundtheplannercontainingthesedetaileddinnerpartyplansandrecipes.Hermotherwasnotgone.(在她母亲去世后，黛比还发现了包含这些详细的晚宴计划和食谱的记事本。她的母亲没有走)”以及后文“AndDebbiehaslearnedalotabouthersinceshebegancookingherfood.(自从黛比开始烹饪她的食物，她了解了很多关于她的事情)”可知，上文提到了黛比发现了母亲的食谱，说母亲没有离开，后文则提到了烹饪母亲的食物，可见母亲用食物陪伴着黛比，故B选项“她引导她度过了食物的一生”符合语境，故选B。19．根据后文“Intryingtomakeouthermother’snotes,Debbiehasbondedagainwithherfatherinsharedgriefandunderstanding.AskingDadwhoiswho,whatiswhatandlearningandunderstanding,Debbiehasbeenabletoseeanewsideofhermother.(黛比在试图辨认母亲的笔记时，再次与父亲建立了联系，共同分担悲伤和理解。问爸爸谁是谁，什么是什么，学习和理解，黛比已经能够看到她妈妈新的一面)”可知，本段主要是关于黛比在食谱中的困惑。故G选项“然而，她对一些食谱感到困惑”符合语境，故选G。20．根据上文“EverythingDebbieiscookingisinherited,asisthejoyandsenseofachievementshefeels.Whenshebegancookingwithhermotherasakid,shewasinchargeofturningthetoast,tostopitcatching.Nowsheisholdingthespoon,addingthespicesandstilllookingupfromthestovetohermum.(黛比烹饪的每一样东西都是遗传的，她所感受到的喜悦和成就感也是遗传的。当她还是个孩子的时候，她开始和妈妈一起做饭，她负责转动烤面包，防止它粘住。现在她拿着勺子，加入香料，仍然看着炉子，看着她的妈妈)”可知，上文提到黛比小时候总是和妈妈一起做饭，跟在妈妈后面。故E选项“她永远都是她妈妈的跟班”符合语境，故选E。21．B22．C23．C24．A25．D26．C27．A28．D29．B30．D31．A32．B33．A34．C35．D【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在疫情期间参加了线上图书交流活动，这让作者收益匪浅。21．考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了摆脱整天呆在家里的郁闷，我因为朋友参加了一个“在线图书交流”活动。A.lookedupto尊敬，敬仰；B.tookpartin参加，参与；C.keptupwith赶得上，和……保持联系；D.gotholdof抓住，握住，占有。根据后文“an‘onlinebookexchange’”宾语可知，这是一个线上图书交流活动，因此所选短语应表示“参加”含义。故选B项。22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：细节很难理解，我花了好几个小时努力弄清楚。A.possible可能的；B.boring无聊的；C.difficult困难的；D.important重要的。根据后文“Ispenthourstryingtomakeitclear(我花了好几个小时想弄清楚)”可知，作者花了很长时间才弄清楚细则，因此图书交流活动的细则很难理解。故选C项。23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，它涉及到将你最喜欢的书寄给一个完全陌生的人，然后等待一系列的人继续这个链条，直到你从完全陌生的人那里收到一些书作为回