加拿大政治篇课件

TheGovernmentandPoliticsofCanadaTheGovernmentandPoliticsof1ThreePartsCanadianPoliticalSystemPoliticalPartiesCanadianPrimeMinistersThreePartsCanadianPolitical2Introduction：Canadaisaconstitutionalmonarchywithafederalsystemofparliamentarygovernmentandstrongdemocratictraditions.ItspoliticalsystemunderwhichmodernCanadaoperatesisknownastheWestminstersystem.(威斯敏斯特系统）SinceCanada’spoliticalstructureismodeledafterthoseofBritainandtheUnitedStates,itcanbedescribedasbothafederationliketheUSandaconstitutionalmonarchylikeBritain.Introduction：Canadaisaconst3文本文本TheCanadiangovernmentconsistsofthreepartsTheLegislature

TheExecutive

TheJudiciary文本文本TheCanadiangovernmentco4TheLegislature

TheParliamentofCanada:theHouseofCommonsandtheSenate.●TheHouseofCommons：Eachmemberchosenbyamajorityofeligiblevotersineachofthecountry'sfederalelectoraldistricts,orridings,viaapluralityvotingsystem.Torunforoneofthe308seatsintheHouseofCommons,anindividualmustbeatleast18yearsold,andonaverage,membersoftheHouseofCommonsareelectedforamaximumoffive-yearterm.●TheSenate：Itisagroupof105individualsappointedbythegovernorgeneralontheadviceoftheprimeminister;allthosesummonedtotheSenatebytheviceroymustbeaminimumof30yearsold,andownpropertywithanetworthofatleast$4,000,inadditiontoowninglandworthnolessthan$4,000withintheprovinceheorsheistorepresent.ItsmainfunctionistoacceptorrejectthesuggestionoftheHouseofCommons..TheLegislatureTheParliament5TheExecutive

TheGovernorGeneral(总督）holdsthehighestpositionandistheoreticallythesourceofexecutivepower.Inpractice,however,theGovernorGeneralisonlythesymbolicexecutivewhocanactonlyontheadviceoftheCanadianPrimeMinisterandtheCabinet.●ThePrimeMinisterisoftentheleaderofthemajoritypartyinParliament,andselectstheministerswhomakeuptheCabinet,theyexerciseexecutivepowerasthe“Government”,andareresponsibleonlytotheHouseofCommons.总督总理+内阁加拿大是英联邦国家之一，英国女王是名义上的国家领袖，加拿大总督是名义领袖的代表，他由英国女王任命。现在，加拿大总督全是加拿大人。加拿大总督的职责包括：召集或解散议会，主持总理、最高大法官、内阁和枢密院的就职仪式，统帅三军。实际上加拿大总督的权力受到宪法很大的限制，根据加拿大宪法，加拿大总督召集或解散议会必须在总理的提议下进行，其职责的履行必须遵循各有关部长的建议。TheExecutiveTheGovernorGen6加拿大第28任总督DavidLoydJohnston，是滑铁卢大学(UniversityofWaterloo)校长、加拿大著名法律专家和知名律师。加拿大第28任总督DavidLoydJohnston，是7阿德里安娜·克拉克森(伍冰枝）阿德里安娜·克拉克森(伍冰枝）8MichaelleJeanMichaelleJean9TheJudiciary

ThecourtsinCanadaareorganizedinfour-levelstructure.Level1:TheSupremeCourt.●ItservesasthefinalcourtofappealsinCanada.●Ithearsbothcivilandcriminalappealsfromdecisionofthecourtsofappealsinalltheprovincesandterritories.●ItplaysaspecialroleasadvisertothefederalgovernmentonquestionsconcerningtheConstitutionandcontroversialcomplicatedareasofprivateandpubliclaw.Level2:TheFederalCourtofAppealandthevariousprovincialcourtsofappeals.联邦上诉法院和各级上诉法院Level3:TheFederalCourt,TheTaxCourtofCanada,Theprovincialandtheterritorialsuperiorcourtsofgeneraljurisdiction.Level4:Provincialcourts.TheJudiciaryThecourtsinCa10PoliticalPartiesTheLiberalPartyTheConservati-vePartyTheNewDemocraticPartyTheBlocQuebecoisPoliticalPartiesTheLiberalP111990年成立。该集团代表魁北克人的利益，主张魁北克独立。领袖：吉利斯·杜塞普（GillesDuceppe）现执政党。加右翼政党。由加拿大改良保守联盟党和进步保守党于2003年12月合并而成，代表银行保险业、铁路运输业、能源工业垄断资本和大农场主利益。领袖：史蒂芬·哈珀（StephenHarper）。加拿大左翼政党。1961年由“平民合作联盟”与“加拿大劳工大会”联合而成。该党属于社会民主党性质，代表中下劳动阶层利益，主张企业公营，标榜社会主义。领袖：杰克·莱顿（JackLayton）1873年成立。代表工业垄断资本集团利益并兼顾中、小企业利益。领袖：米哈伊尔·伊格纳季耶夫（MichaelIgnatieff）。2011年5月2日举行的国会下议院选举中，该党首次沦为第三大党。自由党保守党新民主党魁人政团1990年成立。该集团代表魁北克人的利益，主张魁北克独立。领12CanadianPrimeMinistersPierreElliottTrudeauwasthe15thPrimeMinisterofCanada.Trudeaubeganhispoliticalcareercampaigningforsocialistideals,butheeventuallyjoinedtheLiberalPartyofCanadawhenheenteredfederalpoliticsinthe1960s.HewasappointedasLesterPearson'sParliamentarySecretary,andlaterbecamehisMinisterofJustice.FromhisbaseinMontreal,TrudeautookcontroloftheLiberalPartyandbecameacharismaticleader,inspiring"Trudeaumania".Fromthelate1960suntilthemid-1980s,hedominatedtheCanadianpoliticalsceneandarousedpassionatereactions."Reasonbeforepassion"washispersonalmotto.Heretiredfrompoliticsin1984,andJohnTurnersucceededhimasPrimeMinister.CanadianPrimeMinistersPierre13PierreElliottTrudeau皮埃尔·埃利奥特·特鲁多

PierreElliottTrudeau皮埃尔·埃利奥特14StephenJosephHarper

StephenJosephHarper,PC,MP(bornApril30,1959)isthe22ndandcurrentPrimeMinisterofCanada,andleaderoftheConservativeParty.HarperbecamePrimeMinisterafterhispartywonaminoritygovernmentinthe2006federalelection.HeisthefirstPrimeMinisterfromthenewlyreconstitutedConservativeParty,followingamergeroftheProgressiveConservativeandCanadianAllianceparties.HarperhasbeentheMemberofParliament(MP)fortheridingofCalgarySouthwestinAlbertasince2002.Earlier,from1993to1997,hewastheMPforCalgaryWest.HewasoneofthefoundingmembersoftheReformParty,butendedhisfirststintasanMPtojoin,andshortlythereafterhead,theNationalCitizensCoalition.In2002,hesucceededStockwellDayasleaderoftheCanadianAlliance(thesuccessortotheReformParty)andreturnedtoParliamentasLeaderoftheOpposition.In2003,hereachedanagreementwithProgressiveConservativeleaderPeterMacKayforthemergeroftheirtwopartiestoformtheConservativeP