网络常用测试工具的应用实验报告

...v.常用网络工具的应用一、实验目的：1．了解系统网络命令及其所代表的含义，以及所能对网络进展的操作。2．通过网络命令了解运行系统网络状态，并利用网络命令对网络进展简单的操作。二、二、实验仪器设备及器材WindowXP局域网实验相关理论1．PING命令是检查网络连接状况的网络工具，可以用它来检测数据包到达目的主机的可能性。2．Win98：winipcfg或Win2000以上：Ipconfig/all命令显示DNS效劳器地址、IP地址、子网掩码地址、默认网关的IP地址。3．Netstat是显示网络连接和有关协议的统计信息的工具。Netstat主要用于：网络接口的状况；程序表的状况；协议类的统计信息的显示三个方面。4．ARP：地址解析协议命令，用于将IP地址解析为MAC地址。实验要求：验前认真预习TCP/IP协议内容，尤其应认真理解WINDOWS网络相关原理；在进展实验时，应注意保护机器，按照试验指导书的要求的内容和步骤完成实验，尤其应注意认真观察试验结果，做好记录；实验完成后应认真撰写实验报告。五、实验原理六、实验步骤1、最常用的网络测试工具－PING.EXE〔1〕判断本地的TCP/IP协议栈是否已安装成功Pinging127.0.0.1with32bytesofdata:用32个数据字节验证本机与计算机的连接Replyfrom127.0.0.1:bytes=32time<10msTTL=128Replyfrom127.0.0.1:bytes=32time<10msTTL=128Replyfrom127.0.0.1:bytes=32time<10msTTL=128Replyfrom127.0.0.1:bytes=32time<10msTTL=128返回本机：字节为32个时间小于10毫秒生存时间为128Pingstatisticsfor127.0.0.1:统计本机的数据：Packets:Sent=4,Received=4,Lost=0(0%loss),包数：发送为4，接收为4，丧失为0〔丧失率为0%〕Approximateroundtriptimesinmilli-seconds:大概回路行程时间在毫秒Minimum=0ms,Maximum=0ms,Average=0ms最小为0毫秒，最大为0毫秒，平均为0毫秒〔2〕判断能否到达指定IP地址的远程计算机Pinging10.64.42.1with32bytesofdata:用32个数据字节验证网关与计算机的连接Replyfrom10.64.42.1:bytes=32time<10msTTL=64返回网关：字节为32个时间小于10毫秒生存时间为64Replyfrom10.64.42.1:bytes=32time<10msTTL=64Replyfrom10.64.42.1:bytes=32time=34msTTL=64Replyfrom10.64.42.1:bytes=32time<10msTTL=64Pingstatisticsfor10.64.42.1:统计网关的数据：Packets:Sent=4,Received=4,Lost=0(0%loss),包数：发送为4，接收为4，丧失为0〔丧失率为0%〕Approximateroundtriptimesinmilli-seconds:大概回路行程时间在毫秒Minimum=0ms,Maximum=34ms,Average=8ms最小为0毫秒，最大为34毫秒，平均为8毫秒〔3〕根据域名获得其对应的IP地址C:\DocumentsandSettings\student>ping.qq.Pinging.qq.[59.64.114.98]with32bytesofdata:用32个数据字节验证腾讯网与计算机的连接Replyfrom59.64.114.98:bytes=32time=2msTTL=57返回腾讯网：字节为32时间为2毫秒生存时间为57Replyfrom59.64.114.98:bytes=32time=1msTTL=57Replyfrom59.64.114.98:bytes=32time=1msTTL=57Replyfrom59.64.114.98:bytes=32time=1msTTL=57Pingstatisticsfor59.64.114.98:统计腾讯网的数据：Packets:Sent=4,Received=4,Lost=0(0%loss),包数：发送为4，收回为4，丧失为0〔丧失率为0%〕Approximateroundtriptimesinmilli-seconds:大概循环时间在毫秒：Minimum=1ms,Maximum=2ms,Average=1ms最小值为1毫秒，最大值为2毫秒，平均值为1毫秒〔4〕根据IP地址获取域名Pinging59.64.114.98with32bytesofdata:用32个数据字节验证网络与计算机的连接Replyfrom59.64.114.98:bytes=32time=1msTTL=57Replyfrom59.64.114.98:bytes=32time=2msTTL=57Replyfrom59.64.114.98:bytes=32time=7msTTL=57Replyfrom59.64.114.98:bytes=32time=2msTTL=57返回腾讯网：字节为32时间为2毫秒生存时间为57Pingstatisticsfor59.64.114.98:统计网络的数据：Packets:Sent=4,Received=4,Lost=0(0%loss),包数：发送为4，收回为4，丧失为0〔丧失率为0%〕Approximateroundtriptimesinmilli-seconds:大概循环时间在毫秒：Minimum=1ms,Maximum=7ms,Average=3ms最小值为1毫秒，最大值为7毫秒，平均值为3毫秒〔5〕根据IP地址获取机器名Pingingstudent14[127.0.0.1]with32bytesofdata:用32个数据字节验证网络与计算机的连接Replyfrom127.0.0.1:bytes=32time<10msTTL=128Replyfrom127.0.0.1:bytes=32time<10msTTL=128Replyfrom127.0.0.1:bytes=32time<10msTTL=128Replyfrom127.0.0.1:bytes=32time<10msTTL=128返回网络：字节为32时间小于10毫秒生存时间为128Pingstatisticsfor127.0.0.1:统计腾讯网的数据：Packets:Sent=4,Received=4,Lost=0(0%loss),包数：发送为4，收回为4，丧失为0〔丧失率为0%〕Approximateroundtriptimesinmilli-seconds:大概循环时间在毫秒：Minimum=0ms,Maximum=0ms,Average=0ms最小值01毫秒，最大值为0毫秒，平均值为0毫秒〔6〕Ping指定的IP地址30次C:\DocumenPinging202.205.107.58with32bytesofdata:用32个数据字节验证网络与计算机的连接Replyfrom202.205.107.58:bytes=32time<10msTTL=126Replyfrom202.205.107.58:bytes=32time<10msTTL=126Replyfrom202.205.107.58:bytes=32time<10msTTL=126Replyfrom202.205.107.58:bytes=32time<10msTTL=126Replyfrom202.205.107.58:bytes=32time<10msTTL=126Replyfrom202.205.107.58:bytes=32time<10msTTL=126Replyfrom202.205.107.58:bytes=32time<10msTTL=126Replyfrom202.205.107.58:bytes=32time<10msTTL=126Replyfrom202.205.107.58:bytes=32time<10msTTL=126Replyfrom202.205.107.58:bytes=32time<10msTTL=126Replyfrom202.205.107.58:bytes=32time<10msTTL=126Replyfrom202.205.107.58:bytes=32time<10msTTL=126Replyfrom202.205.107.58:bytes=32time<10msTTL=126Replyfrom202.205.107.58:bytes=32time<10msTTL=126Replyfrom202.205.107.58:bytes=32time<10msTTL=126Replyfrom202.205.107.58:bytes=32time<10msTTL=126Replyfrom202.205.107.58:bytes=32time<10msTTL=126Replyfrom202.205.107.58:bytes=32time<10msTTL=126Replyfrom202.205.107.58:bytes=32time<10msTTL=126Replyfrom202.205.107.58:bytes=32time<10msTTL=126Replyfrom202.205.107.58:bytes=32time<10msTTL=126Replyfrom202.205.107.58:bytes=32time<10msTTL=126Replyfrom202.205.107.58:bytes=32time<10msTTL=126Replyfrom202.205.107.58:bytes=32time<10msTTL=126Replyfrom202.205.107.58:bytes=32time<10msTTL=126Replyfrom202.205.107.58:bytes=32time<10msTTL=126Replyfrom202.205.107.58:bytes=32time<10msTTL=126Replyfrom202.205.107.58:bytes=32time<10msTTL=126Replyfrom202.205.107.58:bytes=32time<10msTTL=126Replyfrom202.205.107.58:bytes=32time<10msTTL=126返回网络：字节为32时间小于10毫秒生存时间为126Pingstatisticsfor202.205.107.58:统计网络的数据：Packets:Sent=30,Received=30,Lost=0(0%loss),包数：发送为30，收回为30，丧失为0〔丧失率为0%〕Approximateroundtriptimesinmilli-seconds:大概循环时间在毫秒：Minimum=0ms,Maximum=0ms,Average=0ms最小值为10毫秒，最大值为0毫秒，平均值为0毫秒〔7〕用400字节长的包Ping指定的IP地址Pinging202.205.107.10with400bytesofdata:用400个数据字节验证网络与计算机的连接Replyfrom202.205.107.10:bytes=400time<10msTTL=6207.10:bytes=400time<10msTTL=62Replyfrom202.205.107.10:bytes=400time<10msTTL=62Replyfrom202.205.107.10:bytes=400time<10msTTL=62返回网络：字节为400时间小于10毫秒生存时间为62Pingstatisticsfor202.205.107.10:统计网络的数据：Packets:Sent=4,Received=4,Lost=0(0%loss),包数：发送为4，收回为4，丧失为0〔丧失率为0%〕Approximateroundtriptimesinmilli-seconds:大概循环时间在毫秒：Minimum=0ms,Maximum=0ms,Average=0ms最小值为0毫秒，最大值为0毫秒，平均值为0毫秒2、网络配置查看程序－IPCONFIG.EXE〔1〕查看所有配置信息：Winipcfg或Ipconfig/allC:\DocumentsandSettings\Administrator>Ipconfig/allWindowsIPConfigurationHostName............:r5-045PrimaryDnsSuffix.......:NodeType............:UnknownIPRoutingEnabled........:NoWINSProxyEnabled........:NoEthernetadapter本地连接:Connection-specificDNSSuffix.:Description...........:RealtekRTL8139FamilyPCIFastEthernetNICPhysicalAddress.........:00-E0-4C-4C-A9-DBDhcpEnabled...........:No3、网络连接统计工具－NETSTAT.EXE〔1〕显示所有连接C:\DocumentsandSettings\Administrator>netstat-aActiveConnectionsProtoLocalAddressForeignAddressStateTCPr5-045:epmapr5-045:0LISTENINGTCPr5-045:microsoft-dsr5-045:0LISTENINGTCPr5-045:1161r5-045:0LISTENINGTCPr5-045:8177r5-045:0LISTENINGTCPr5-045:10019r5-045:0LISTENINGTCPr5-045:netbios-ssnr5-045:0LISTENINGTCPr5-045:102810.64.7.199:10018ESTABLISHEDTCPr5-045:1045r5-045:10019ESTABLISHEDTCPr5-045:1681221.7.91.31:SYN_SENTTCPr5-045:168210.64.7.122:7211SYN_SENTTCPr5-045:10019r5-045:1027CLOSE_WAITTCPr5-045:10019r5-045:1045ESTABLISHEDTCPr5-045:1031r5-045:0LISTENINGUDPr5-045:microsoft-ds*:*UDPr5-045:isakmp*:*UDPr5-045:ms-sql-m*:*UDPr5-045:4500*:*UDPr5-045:5412*:*UDPr5-045:5999*:*UDPr5-045:6000*:*UDPr5-045:6002*:*UDPr5-045:ntp*:*UDPr5-045:netbios-ns*:*UDPr5-045:netbios-dgm*:*UDPr5-045:1900*:*UDPr5-045:ntp*:*UDPr5-045:1099*:*UDPr5-045:1900*:*〔2〕显示所有协议的统计信息C:\DocumentsandSettings\Administrator>netstat-sIPv4StatisticsPacketsReceived=142692ReceivedHeaderErrors=0ReceivedAddressErrors=94DatagramsForwarded=0UnknownProtocolsReceived=0ReceivedPacketsDiscarded=21591ReceivedPacketsDelivered=121098OutputRequests=137681RoutingDiscards=0DiscardedOutputPackets=12OutputPacketNoRoute=0ReassemblyRequired=0ReassemblySuccessful=0ReassemblyFailures=0DatagramsSuccessfullyFragmented=0DatagramsFailingFragmentation=0FragmentsCreated=0ICMPv4StatisticsReceivedSentMessages805811Errors00DestinationUnreachable06TimeExceeded00ParameterProblems00SourceQuenches00Redirects00Echos75847EchoReplies47758Timestamps00TimestampReplies00AddressMasks00AddressMaskReplies00TCPStatisticsforIPv4ActiveOpens=17741PassiveOpens=12445FailedConnectionAttempts=13063ResetConnections=171CurrentConnections=4SegmentsReceived=110285SegmentsSent=120741SegmentsRetransmitted=9516UDPStatisticsforIPv4DatagramsReceived=10002NoPorts=59ReceiveErrors=0DatagramsSent=66084、操纵网络路由表的工具－ROUTE.EXE〔1〕显示全部路由信息：C:\DocumentsandSettings\Administrator>routeprint===========================================================================InterfaceList0x1...........................MSTCPLoopbackinterface0x2...00e04c4ca9db......RealtekRTL8139FamilyPCIFastEthernetNIC-数据包方案程序微型端口======================================================================================================================================================ActiveRoutes:NetworkDestinationNetmaskGatewayInterfaceMetric0.0.0.00.0.0.010.64.5.25410.64.5.452010.64.5.0255.255.255.010.64.5.4510.64.5.452010.64.5.45255.255.255.255127.0.0.1127.0.0.12010.255.255.255255.255.255.25510.64.5.4510.64.5.4520127.0.0.0255.0.0.0127.0.0.1127.0.0.11224.0.0.0240.0.0.010.64.5.4510.64.5.4520255.255.255.255255.255.255.25510.64.5.4510.64.5.451===========================================================================PersistentRoutes:None〔2〕添加一个路由C:\DocumentsandSettings\Administrator>routeADD157.0.0.0MASK255.0.0.0157.55.80.1METRIC3IF2Manipulatesnetworkroutingtables.ROUTE[-f][-p][mand[destination][MASKnetmask][gateway][METRICmetric][IFinterface]-fClearstheroutingtablesofallgatewayentries.Ifthisisusedinconjunctionwithoneofthemands,thetablesareclearedpriortorunningthemand.-pWhenusedwiththeADDmand,makesaroutepersistentacrossbootsofthesystem.Bydefault,routesarenotpreservedwhenthesystemisrestarted.Ignoredforallothermands,whichalwaysaffecttheappropriatepersistentroutes.ThisoptionisnotsupportedinWindows95.mandOneofthese:PRINTPrintsarouteADDAddsarouteDELETEDeletesarouteCHANGEModifiesanexistingroutedestinationSpecifiesthehost.MASKSpecifiesthatthenextparameteristhe'netmask'value.netmaskSpecifiesasubnetmaskvalueforthisrouteentry.Ifnotspecified,itdefaultsto255.255.255.255.gatewaySpecifiesgateway.interfacetheinterfacenumberforthespecifiedroute.METRICspecifiesthemetric,ie.costforthedestination.AllsymbolicnamesusedfordestinationarelookedupinthenetworkdatabasefileNETWORKS.ThesymbolicnamesforgatewayarelookedupinthehostnamedatabasefileHOSTS.IfthemandisPRINTorDELETE.Destinationorgatewaycanbeawildcard,(wildcardisspecifiedasastar'*'),orthegatewayargumentmaybeomitted.IfDestcontainsa*or",itistreatedasashellpattern,andonlymatchingdestinationroutesareprinted.The'*'matchesanystring,and'"'matchesanyonechar.Examples:157.*.1,157.*,127.*,*224*.DiagnosticNotes:InvalidMASKgeneratesanerror,thatiswhen(DEST&MASK)!=DEST.Example>routeADD157.0.0.0MASK155.0.0.0157.55.80.1IF1Therouteadditionfailed:Thespecifiedmaskparameterisinvalid.(Destination&Mask)!=Destination.Examples:>routePRINT>routeADD157.0.0.0MASK255.0.0.0157.55.80.1METRIC3IF2destination^^mask^gatewaymetric^^Interface^IfIFisnotgiven,ittriestofindthebestinterfaceforagivengateway.>routePRINT>routePRINT157*....Onlyprintsthosematching157*>routeCHANGE157.0.0.0MASK255.0.0.0157.55.80.5METRIC2IF2CHANGEisusedtomodifygatewayand/ormetriconly.>routePRINT>routePRINT5、地址解析工具－ARP.EXE〔1〕显示当前ARP项Theroutespecifiedwasnotfound.C:\DocumentsandSettings\Administrator>arp-aInterface:10.64.5.45---0x2InternetAddressPhysicalAddressType10.64.5.4200-e0-4c-75-22-3a