选修8Unit1语法名词性从句课件

——NounClauses

ComplexSentences——NounClaTypesofSentencesSimplesentence(简单句)Compoundsentence（并列句用and,or,but,so）Complexsentence（复合句,主句+what,which,when等引导词连接的从句）TypesofSimplesentence1.Thecustomsandlanguagesoftheimmigrantsliveonintheirnewhome.2.CaliforniaisthelargeststateintheUSAbuthasthelargestpopulation.3.ThisdiversityofcultureisnotsurprisingwhenyouknowthehistoryofCalifornia.（simplesentence）（complexsentence）

（compoundsentence

）

主句从句1.ThecustomsandlanguagesoComplexSentencesAttributiveClause（定语从句）NounClause(名词性从句)AdverbialClause（状语从句）ComplexAttributiveClause1.In1911immigrantsfromDenmarkestablishedatownoftheirown,whichtodaystillkeepsuptheirDanishculture.2.AlthoughChineseimmigrantsbegantoarriveduringtheGoldRushPeriod,itwasthebuildingoftherailnetworkthatbrought….3.ExactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia,noonereallyknows.（Attributiveclause）

（Nounclause）

（Adverbialclause）Although

whenwhat1.In1911immigrantsfromDen名词性从句

在主句中起名词功能的从句叫名词性从句(NounClauses）。名词性从句在主句中能担任主语、动词宾语、介词宾语、有些形容词后宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据上述不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句(SubjectClause)、宾语从句(ObjectClause)、表语从句(PredicativeClause)和同位语从句(AppositiveClause)名词性从句

在主句中起名词功能的从句叫名词性从句(NNoonereallyknowsexactly

whenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia.However,itislikelythatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.Thatiswhytodayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.动词的宾语从句主语从句表语从句同位语从句介词的宾语从句Noonereallyknowsexactlywh8概念理解8概念理解观察一：判断划线部分充当？句子成分。1.Thatthemoongoesaroundtheearthisknowntoall.2.Whether

he

will

comehasn’tbeendecided.3.What

he

wanted

toknow

istheresultofthetest.4.Whowillgoisnotimportant.5.Howyoucanfinishit

makesuspuzzled.6.Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter9判断方法：

先找谓语，看位置观察一：判断划线部分充当？句子成分。9判断方法：先找谓语10观察一：判断划线部分充当？句子成分。1.Thatthemoongoesaroundtheearth

is

knowntoall.2.Whetherhewillcome

hasn’t

beendecided.3.Whathewantedtoknow

is

theresultofthetest.4.Whowillgo

isnotimportant.5.Howyoucanfinishit

makes

uspuzzled.6.Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter主语+谓语动词+其他10观察一：判断划线部分充当？句子成分。主语+谓语动词+

主语从句_____________(重要的是)istolearnfromfailure._____________________(你已经做到了)isbeyonddoubt.________________________(你是否自信)determinesyourfuturesuccesstosomedegree.

WhatmattersThatyouhavemadeitWhetheryouareconfident

主1.主语从句的引导词不得省略。

that-主语从句常用it作形式主语,而将that-从句置于句末,常见以下搭配：It+be+形容词+that-从句

Itisnecessarythat…有必要……

Itisimportantthat…重要的是……

Itisobviousthat…很明显……Itisnecessary

that______________________________(你有必要调整你的日常生活).Attentionyou(should)adjustyourroutinelife1.主语从句的引导词不得省略。Attentionyou(s

b.It+be+done(said,known,believed,thought,reported,announced,acknowledged,suggested,demanded)+that-从句据报道三人死于此次坠机事故。Itisreportedthatthreepeoplehavebeenkilledintheaircrash.=Threepeoplearereportedtohavebeenkilledintheaircrash.建议新生们考虑参加一两个社团。Itisrecommendedthatfreshmenconsiderjoiningaclubortwo.

b.It+be+done(said,knowc.It+be+名词+that-从句

Itisapity/shamethat很遗憾….

Itisasurprisethat…令人惊奇的是……

Itisafactthat…事实是……d.It+不及物动词+that-分句Ithappensthat…碰巧……Itoccurstomethat…我突然想起……我突然想起：我把钥匙落在家里了。ItoccurredtomethatIhadleftmykeysathome.c.It+be+名词+that-从句

Itis2.表示“是否”意义时，一般用whether而不用if引导主语从句，

Whethershewillcometolifeornotisstillunknown.但如果有形式主语it时，既可用whether，也可用if。Itisstillunknownif/whethershewillcometolife.3.主语从句作主语时谓语动词常用单数选修8Unit1语法名词性从句ppt课件16观察二：判断划线部分充当？句子成分7．Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.8．That’sjustwhatIwant.9．Thisiswhereourproblemlies.

10．Thatis

whyhedidn’tcometothemeeting.

判断方法：看位置，先找谓语。16观察二：判断划线部分充当？句子成分判断方法：看位置，先找17观察二：判断划线部分充当？句子成分7．Thefactis

thatwehavelostthegame.8．That’sjustwhatIwant.9．Thisis

whereourproblemlies.

10．Thatis

whyhedidn’tcometothemeeting.

系动词:①be,stay,remain,keep（状态）②look,seem,appear,sound,smell,taste,feel（感知）③get,become,turn,grow,go,fall（变化）主语++表语系动词17观察二：判断划线部分充当？句子成分系动词:主语+特别提醒1.表语从句中的时态不受主句的限制.2.

表语从句是不用if引导的,要用whether.3.主语为advice,suggestion,requirement等词时，表语从句用should+V.原形表虚拟语气4.常见的表语从句的句型Thereason(why…)isthat…That/Thisiswhy…This/That/Itisbecause…Itseems/looks/appearsasif…Itseems/appearsthat…似乎……特别提醒19观察三：判断划线部分充当？句子成分11.Allofusknowthatwemuststudyhard.12.Oursuccessdependson

whetherweworkhard.

13.Iwanttoknow

whathehastoldyou

.14.Iwonder

if/whethershewouldacceptmyinvitation.15.Youmaydependonitthatallthegoodswillbeshippedabroadintime.判断方法：跟在什么词的后面？

19观察三：判断划线部分充当？句子成分判断方法：跟在什么20观察三：判断划线部分充当？句子成分11.Allofusknow

thatwemuststudyhard.12.Oursuccessdepends

on

whetherweworkhard.

13.Iwantto

know

whathehastoldyou

.14.Iwonder

if/whethershewouldacceptmyinvitation.15.Youmaydepend

onitthatallthegoodswillbeshippedabroadintime.判断方法：跟在什么词的后面？

+宾及物动词/介词20观察三：判断划线部分充当？句子成分判断方法：跟在什么1.由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不充当任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但有多个that从句时,只有第一个从句前的that可省。2.主句主语为第一人称且谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,guess等动词构成否定句时，从句的否定词要前移至主句，即构成否定前置。Wedon’tthinkH7N9fluspreadsamonghumans,doesit.1.由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不充当任何3.下列宾语从句必须用whether引导,不可用if:a.

从句后有or

not

时，不可用if:Idon’tknowwhetherallisinplaceornot.b.

介词宾语通常用whether引导:Itdependsonwhetherheiscomingornot.c.后接动词不定式时。Canyoutellmewhether

togoortostay?4.insist,order,suggest等词后的宾语从句考虑虚拟语气3.下列宾语从句必须用whether引导,不可用if:1.Idon'tdoubt________he'llcome.A.that

B.if

C.what

D.whether2.Doesanybodyknow__wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that3.Ifdependson____wewillbereadyintime.A.whetherB.that C.ifD.when1.Idon'tdoubt________he'l24①主语从句在复合句中充当____语；②表语从句在复合句中充当____语，一般在______后；③宾语从句在复合句中充当____语，且一般在_______或____后。宾主表系动词及物动词介词④

有时为了保持句子平衡,可用it作形式主(6)语或形式宾语(15),而把主语从句或宾语从句放到后面.如，归纳一：位置，概念。6.

Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter15.Youmaydependonit

thatallthegoodswillbeshippedabroadintime.24宾主表系动词及物动词介词④有时为了保持句子平衡,可用2525

观察四:划出从句，判断从句类型。1.Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.2．Heaskedmeif/whetherthemoviestarwouldcomeupatthemeeting.3.Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.4.Whathedidmademeextremelyangry5.WhenwewillgotoAmericahasn’tbeendecided.表从主从主从主从宾从isaskedismadehasn’tbeendecided.2525表从主从主从主从宾从isaskedism2626归纳二：名从引导词分类及作用:

名词性从句的引导词

作用

连接词不作成分只起连接作用连接代词作主、宾、表、定语连接副词

作状语

that,whether/if（是否）

asif/asthough（只在表从）what(ever)who(ever)whom(ever)which(ever)whosewhen(ever),where(ver),why,how，because(表从中)2626归纳二：名从引导词分类及作用:名词性从句的引导词27解题技巧突破27解题技巧突破2828用适当的引导词填空1.Myidea

is

_____weshoulddoourhomeworkfirst.2.Theowneroftheshopcametosee_____wasthematter.3.Iwonder___________heisfitforthejob.4.Thankyoufor

______you’vesaid.5Iamsurprised

hehasleftwithoutsayinggoodbyetous.6.Idon’tknow

heisdoingthere.7.Heasked

penitwas.8_____Einsteinisascientistisknowntousall.thatwhatwhether/ifwhatthatwhatwhoseThatisseewonder

foramsurprisedknowasked

is2828用适当的引导词填空1.Myideais____29

缺主/宾/表/定补代词what(ever)who(ever)whom(ever)which(ever)whose只缺“是否”意思补whether，if什么都不缺that缺状语补副词when(ever),where(ver),why,how归纳三：解题方法：2、分析从句句子成分,缺什么，补什么1、找主句谓语，确定是什么从句3、确定词性后，再根据句子意思选择引导词。29缺主/宾/表/定补代词what(ever30熟记几个特殊用法30熟记几个特殊用法1.______theywouldtaketheriskisclear.2.Thereasonis____heiscareless.3.Idon’tthink____sheiscoming.4.Weallknew____hegotthefirstprizeand____hewasveryexcited.5.Ilikethebook__________yougiveme.31【难点1】

①That在名从中“无名无分”，在主从，表从中不能省略，在引导单个的宾语从句时可省，但在并列宾语从句中，第2个宾语从句中的that不可省；Thatthat(that)(that)that(that/which)主从表从宾从宾从定从②That在定从中作代词，“充当成分”，在定语从句中做宾语时可省。31【难点1】①That在名从中“无名无分”，在主从，表32326.

theycanfinishtheworkontimeisstillaproblem.7.Thequestionis______thefilmisworthseeing.8.Itdependson_______wewillhaveenoughmoney.9.Idon’tcare_______youliketheplanornot.10.Ican’tdecide______tostay.(=Ican’tdecidewhetherIshouldstayornot)11.Hecametosee____________therewaswrongwithhiscat.【难点2】whether,if（是否）的区别。顺口溜:主

表

介后

或者

不定式

用whether。Whetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether/if主从表从介词后的宾从及物动词后的宾从ornot.tostay32326.theycan3312.Ican’timagine_______madehimactlikethat.13.Thisis_____wewanttosay.14._____hewantsisabook.15.Ireadaboutitinthisbookorthatbook,Ican’tremember_______itwas.16.Wouldyoumindtellingme______languageyourfriendspeaks,EnglishorFrench?【难点3】which,what在名词性从句的区别：①what在名词性从句中常翻译为什么或…的；②which在名词性从句中常翻译为哪个（一般有选择范围）What

what

what

inthisbookorthatbookwhichwhichEnglishorFrench3312.Ican’timagine_______m3434用适当的词填空：17.Hispalefacesuggestedhe

(be)illandhesuggestedthathe

(send)tothehospitalrightaway.【难点4】名词性从句的虚拟语气：一坚持insist；两命令order,command;三建议suggest,propose,advise；四要求request,require,demand,desire

这些词后面的名词性从句，从句谓语用(should)+动词原形was(should)besent3434用适当的词填空：【难点4】名词性从句的虚拟语气：wa35巩固练习35巩固练习3636一．填空题1.Theresultis______wewonthegame.2.Cindyshutthedoorheavilyandburstintotears.Nooneintheofficeknew____shewassoangry.3.Thankyoufor____you’vesaid,IhopeIwillneverbetoobusytohelpothers.4.…andalltheotherstudentswondered____theboywoulddo.5

theycanpasstheexamisstillaproblem.thatwhywhatwhatWhether3636一．填空题thatwhywhatwhatWhethe37综合运用37综合运用3838三．完成句子（写作.口语）

1．上周，我们就“高中生是否应参加暑期补习班（summertutoringclass

）”对我校3000名学生进行了一次调查Lastweekwedidasurveyamong3000studentsinourschoolon

2．作为一个学生，我们应该做的是努力学习Asastudent,

istostudyhard.

whatweshoulddo

whetherhighschoolstudentsshouldattendasummertutoringclass.3838三．完成句子（写作.口语）