初中英语语法课件

语法与练习语法与练习

English

Grammar人称代词物主代词反身代词不定代词代词综合练习

名词冠词数词介词动词do

动词have

there

be

结构情态动词

时间表达法形容词（副词）的比较级和最高级选择疑问句祈使句感叹句状语从句时态：

一般现在时练习现在进行时练习

一般将来时练习一般过去时练习EnglishGrammar人人称代词：代替人或事物的代词叫人称代词.人称代词有主格和宾格之分.主格一般在句子中作主语，宾格在句子中作动词或介词的宾语.

人称主格宾格第一人称I(单数)mewe(复数)us

第二人称you(单\复数)you

第三人称he(单数)himshe(单数)herit(单数)itthey(复数)them注意：it能被用来代替一个东西、一个动物或一个未知的人.they能被用来代替两个或两个以上的东西、动物或人.例：动词的主语动词的宾语介词的宾语

IlikeWendy.Wendylikesme.Wendyisfondofme.HelikesWendyWendylikeshim.Wendyisfondofhim.Grammar人称代词：代替人或事物的代词叫人称代词.人称代词有主模仿示例,用括号里代词的正确形式完成下列句子.例如：Maryistalkingtome(I/me)onthephone.1.(We/Us)wentswimmingatthebeachyesterday.2.(He/Him)isMichael’sgoodfriend.3Ihaven’tseen(they/them)foralongtime.4.Ilikemybossbecause(he/him)isveryfriendly.5.Kittyisolderthan(I/me)but(I/me)amolderthanSusan.6.Itold(he/him)towaitbut(he/him)didn’t.7.A:Whotookmyradio?B:(I/Me)havenoideawhotook(it/him).8.A:Wherearethefootballplayer?B:There(they/them)are.9.A:IsthatKennethoverthere?B:Yes,that’s(he/him).10.A:IsRaymondhard-working?B:Yes,(he/him)is.Everyoneintheofficerespects(he/him).练习模仿示例,用括号里代词的正确形式完成下列句子.练习物主代词：也称代词的所有格.表明谁的某物或某物归属于谁.分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词.形容词性物主代词只能作定语，后面必须跟有名词.名词性物主代词相当于形容词性物主代词+名词.

人称形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词第一人称my(单)/our(复)mine(单)ours(复)第二人称your(单/复)yours(单/复)第三人称hisherits(单)/their(复)hishersits(单)/theirs(复)注意：区分its与it’s.its是it的形容词性和名词性物主代词，it’s

是itis或ithas的缩写例：形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词

That’smypen.Thatpenismine.Thisisourmoney.Thismoneyisours.Theseareyourshoes.Theseshoesareyours.Thosearehisgoldfish.Thosegoldfisharehis.That’sherfile.Thatfileishers.Thatisitsfood.Thatfoodisits.Thesearetheirtoys.Thesetoysaretheirs.Grammar物主代词：也称代词的所有格.表明谁的某物或某物归属模仿示例,用括号里的词开头,改写下列句子.例如：Theirbooksareonthetable.(Thebooks)Thebooksonthetablearetheirs.

1.Theirredshirtsareonthechair.(Theredshirts)2.Yourroomisthefirstoneonthefourthfloor.(Thefirstroom)3.Myschoolbagisunderthetable.(Theschoolbag)4.Herpianoisinthesittingroom.(Thepiano)5.Myposteristhebiggestoneonthenotice-board.(Thebiggestposter)6.TheirofficeisnexttoJohn’s.(Theoffice)7.Hiscarisattheendofthestreet.(Thecar)8.Ourclassroomisthebiggestoneintheschool.(Thebiggestclassroom)9.HerglassesareontheTV.(Theglasses)10.Hislettersareonmydesk.(Theletters)练习模仿示例,用括号里的词开头,改写下列句子.练习Key:1.Theredshirtsonthechairaretheirs.2.Thefirstroomonthefourthfloorisyours.3.Theschoolbagunderthetableismine.4.Thepianointhesittingroomishers.5.Thebiggestposteronthenotice-boardismine.6.TheofficenexttoJohn’sistheirs.7.Thecarattheendofthestreetishis.8.Thebiggestclassroomintheschoolisours.9.TheglassesontheTVarehers.10.Thelettersonmydeskarehis.Key:反身代词(ReflexivePronouns)表示反射或强调的代词以-self或-selves结尾。一、反身代词的构成二、用法：1、在句中作宾语。表示动作回射到动作执行者本身。

e.g.Healwaysthinksofhimself.Thegirlcanwashherselfnow.2、在句中用来加强语气，表示“亲自”“本人”的意思。

e.g.Youcandoityourself.Imustseetheheadmasterhimself.Grammar反身代词(ReflexivePronouns)Gramm反身代词的构成人称单数复数第一人称myselfourselves

第二人称yourselfyourselveshimself

第三人称herselfthemselvesitself第一、二人称由形容词性物主代词加-self/-selves构成.第三人称由人称代词宾格形式加-self/-selves构成.所有的重音均在这个音节上.Grammar反身代词的构成GrammarFillintheblankswithreflexivepronounces:（用反身代词填空）1.Sheteaches

English.2.Theyenjoy

atthepartyeverySaturdayevening.3.TodayI’mgoingtobuy

atennisracket.4.Pleasemake

athome,children.5.Timoftenforces

tosleeplate.6.Canyousee

inthephotograph?7.Shelivesby

.8.Wemakesandwichesfor

.9.Theoldladyalwaystalksto

.10.Paulispleasedwith

becausehedoeswellinhiswork.herselfthemselvesmyselfyourselveshimselfherselfherselfhimselfyourselfourselves练习Fillintheblankswithreflex不定代词some,any,no.some,any,no都既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词。

Some一般用在肯定句中。e.g.Heaskedmesomequestions.Therearesomechildrenoutside.Thereissomemilkinthefridge.Someofusagreewiththestatementandsomedisagree.Somepeopleareearlyrisers.Motherisdoingsomewashingnow.Some也可用在表示‘请求’、‘建议’的疑问句中，希望回答‘yes’e.g.Willyougetmesomematches?Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?Whydon’tyougetsomepeopletohelpyou?Doyouneedsomehelp?Grammar不定代词some,any,no.Grammar

Any用在否定和疑问句中。e.g.Arethereanystampsinthedrawer?Ihaven’tgotanyworktodo.Doyouknowanygooddoctor?Letmeknowrightawayifyouhaveanynews.Didshegiveyouany?Any也可用在肯定句中，表示‘任何’。e.g.ShanghaiislargerthananyothercityinChina.Comeanydayyoulike.Anytimeyouwantme,justsendforme.

GrammarAny用在否定和疑问句中。Grammar

No只能作定语。no=notany,nota(an)e.g.Therearenolettersforyoutoday.Heisnofriendofmine.Noboyintheclasshaseverseenthesea.No用于警告、命令等标识。e.g.Nosmoking!Noparking!GrammarNo只能作定语。Grammar

用some,any和no填空：Iwanttobuy_______newclothes,butIhaven’tgot______money.Therearen’t_______seatsleftonthebus.Ihad________sweets,butmysisterdidn’thave_______.Shesaw________squirrelsintheparkyesterday.Heheard________noisesoutsidehisbedroomwindowlastnight.Theydon’thave______ticketsfortheconcert.Whyisn’tthere_______breadinthekitchen?Motherbought_______justthisafternoon.Werethere_______telephonecallsformewhileIwasaway?Boy:Haveyougot_______friendsnearwhereyoulive?Girl:________,butnotmany.someanyanysomeanysomesomeanyanysomeanyanysome练习用some,any和no填空：someHaveMrMrsHarrisgot_______children?Wewenttosee________clownsatthecircus.Janehasgot________newshoes.They’relovely!Don’tyouhave_________lessonstoday?Peterhas_________friends.Iamsorryforhim.Idon’twant________vegetables,thankyou.Havethey________orangesinthemarkettoday?Peter’sabadboy.Hedoes________workatallandplaysallday.I’vegot_______potatoes,_______onionsand_______carrots,butIcan’tfind________tomatoes.–WhyhasJohngot________classestoday?--Becausetherearen’t________inourschool,today.anysomesomeanynoanyanynosomesomesomeanyanyno练习HaveMrMrsHarrisgot___一、阅读下列疑问句或陈述句,然后选出最佳答案.1.John,who’sthatphonecallfor?A.That’smine.B.It’sforme.C.Isthatyours?D.He’scallingme.2.IsRosannainherroom?A.Yes,thisroomishers.B.No,shedidn’ttellme.C.No,it’snotherroom.D.Yes,sheis.3.Isthatmaponthewallmine?A.Yes,it’shis.B.No,it’snotyours.C.No,mymapisonthetable.D.Yes,I’msureit’smine.4.Mymotherisanurse.A.Thenurseismine.B.Thehousewifeismymother.C.Mineisadoctor.D.Metoo.5.Theirschooluniformsarepurpleandwhite.A.Oursareblueandgreen.B.Wearethesame.C.Whiteishiscolor.D.Yourcolorisgreen.语法练习一、阅读下列疑问句或陈述句,然后选出最佳答案.语法练习6.Doyouknowwheremycamerais?A.Oh,yourcameraisaniceone.B.No,Ionlyknowhowtousemine.C.No,Iknownothingaboutcameras.D.Yes,it’sonthesofa.7.Whoseexaminationresultsarebetter?A.Ido.B.It’sme.C.Mineare.D.Theyaremine.8.Myfavoritecolorispurple.A.He’syellow.B.It’sredtome.C.Theirsisorange.D.Isheblack?9.Mary’sinHospital.A.I’msorrytohearthat.B.Sheisbad.C.It’sveryunfortunateofherD.She’llrecoversoon.10.Isthisraincoathis?A.Yes,it’smine.B.Itmustbehim.C.No,Ithinkit’syours.D.Yes,hisraincoatisoverthere.语法练习6.Doyouknowwheremycamera二、Inthefollowingexercise,puttheverbsinbracketsinthePresentSimple,putinthemissingpossessiveadjectives*,andputinthemissingpersonalpronouns#.(用括号内动词的一般现在时填空，并在*处填上适当的物主代词，在#处填上适当的人称代词.）BrianandTom______(work)inLondon.James____(be)______*friend.James__________(introduce)______#to______*motherandfather.Jamesalso______(have)asister.______*name______(be)Janeand________#________(be)anengineer.John____(be)afriendofBrianandTomtoo.______#_______(come)fromacityinAustralia.AndrewandJohn______(be)doctors.Andrew______(like)John,but___________(not/like)Tom.Tom____________(work)with_______*daughter._______#______(be)engineers.work

isthemintroducestheirlikesshehisisHerhascomesHeisisaredoesn’tlikearehisworksThey语法练习二、Inthefollowingexercise,p三、Fillinthegapsbelowwiththecorrectpronouns.（用代词的恰当形式填空.）1)Englishpeoplelove

dogs.

buyexpensivefood（购买昂贵的食物）for

，talkto

andsometimessleepwith

on

beds.Thedogsdon‘tsleepon

own（自己的）bedsbuton

！2)Johnloves

brother,Tom.

alwayswalkstoschoolwith

andhelps

with

homework.

does

ownhomework,andsometimesdoes

brother’stoo！Tomdoesn‘tdoit

.3)MyfriendandIlove

teacher，MissBrown.

like

lessonsverymuch.

areinterestingand

isalwayshappy.theirtheirthemTheythemthemtheirstheirhishimHehimselfhimhisHehishisourWeTheysheour语法练习三、Fillinthegapsbelowwith四、Completethistable.（填写下表）

(人称代词)PersonalPronouns

主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词SubjectObjectPossessiveAdjectivePossessivePronounReflexive

IyourshimselfheritsourselvesyourselvesThey语法练习meyourselfherselfthemselvesmyselfyoumyyouryoumineheherhershishimhissheititselfitsitusourweoursyouyouyoursyourthemtheirtheirs四、Completethistable.（填写下表）五、Fillintheblankswithproperpronounces:(用适当的代词填空）1.Wemustnotthinkonlyof

.(us,ourselves)2.Whowillgotherewith

?Nobody,she’llgothere

.(herself,her)3.“Help

tosomefish.”MrsGreensaidtoPeter.(yourself,yourselves)4.Ican’trepairthemodelship

.(me,myself)5.Theycooksupperfor

.(themselves,himself)6.Onthistrip,youboysneedtolookafter

.(yourself,yourselves)7.Hegave

apresentforChristmas.(his,himself)8.Hecantypetheletter

.(himself,him)9.I’moldenoughtodress

now.(me,myself)10.Onemustrespect

.(one,oneself)ourselvesherherselfyourselfmyselfmyselfthemselvesyourselveshimselfhimselfoneself语法练习五、Fillintheblankswithpro

六、在需要的地方，用a,an,some,any,many填空：_______policemeninBritainhaveguns,butonlyafewofthem.Doyouwant_______apple?Thisis_______reallybeautifulhouse.Thereare_______fiveChineseinmyclass._______friendsofmyparentsliveinChina.TheyareAustralian.Haveyou_______eggstoday?_______eagleisabigbird.Johnhasgot_______verybignoses.What_______beautifulgarden!_______peopleliveinverybighouses._______studentsinChinawanttolearnEnglishthesedays.Arethere_______policewomeninHongKong?Someana/SomeanyAnaaSomeManyany语法练习六、在需要的地方，用a,an,some,any,

七、用a,an,some,any填空：Haveyougot_______flat?Iwanttobe_______actor.Doyouhave_________pork?Johnhasgot_______bigfeet,buthe’s_______fastrunner.Youneed_______visatovisit__________foreigncountries.Janeis_______teacherandherparentsare_______teacherstoolTheseare_______verynicetrousers.Howmucharethey?TomalwaysgivesAnn___________flowersonherbirthday.Haveyou_______rice?Hegivesme_______cardeveryyearformybirthday.aanany/aasome(/)a//some(/)anya语法练习七、用a,an,some,any填空：aana

疑问句：英语中有四种疑问句：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。一般疑问句：是将句中的助动词、情态动词或连系动词放在主语的前面。通常用yes和no来回答。e.g.Haveyoulockedthedoor?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.DoyouknowJack?Yes,Ido./No,Idon’t.特殊疑问句：疑问词＋一般疑问句要根据实际情况来回答。e.g.Whoisstandingatthewindow?Mysisteris..Howmuchdoesitcost?Fiftyyuan.反意疑问句:前面是一个陈述句，后面是一个简略问句。用yes和no来回答。e.g.Theirdaughterisveryclever,isn’tshe?Jacklikestea,doesn’the?Youdon’tlikeyourjob,doyou?Sheisneverlateforschool,isshe?Grammar疑问句：英语中有四种疑问句：

选择疑问句：两种。要作具体回答。１、前面是一个一般疑问句，后面用or连接一个选择项目。e.g.Shallwegobybusorbytrain?DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?ShallIdoitorwillyoudoityourself?Areyoureadyornot?Doyouwanttobuyitornot?２、一个特殊疑问句加两个或两个以上的选择（用or连接）。e.g.Whodoyoulikebetter,TomorDerek?Whichdoyouprefer,coffeeortea?Whichicecreamwouldyoulike,chocolate,vanillaorstrawberry?Grammar选择疑问句：两种。要作具体回答。Grammar

时间表达法：

一、数字表达法：直接读出数字。e.g.

1:00

one(o’clock)

2:05

twofive

3:15

threefifteen

5:30

fivethirty

7:45

sevenforty-five

8:58

eightfifty-eight二、介词表达法：分钟数在半小时之内（含半小时）,用介词past.表示‘几点过几分’.e.g.4:03three(minutes)pastfour6:10tenpastsix9:15aquarterpastnine2:25twenty-fivepasttwo11:30halfpasteleven分钟数超过半小时的，用to。表示‘几点差几分’.e.g.5:35twenty-fivetosix1:40twentytotwo3:45aquartertofour7:55fivetoeight12:59onetoone**上午和下午的表达：１、在时间后加inthemorning

或intheafternoon。２、在时间后加a.m.

或p.m.。Grammar时间表达法：Grammar用数字表达法和介词表达法讲出下列时刻：

6：152：3811：033：5612：254：406：309：051：5010：358：105：45

练习练习

名词名词分为可数名词和不可数名词两大类.可数名词有单、复数之分,名词的数决定谓语动词的数.不可数名词一般只有单数形式，没有复数形式。

可数名词

tablebookwalletbagglass

light

不可数名词

milkwatermoneyinformationteaoilpaper可数名词的复数形式有

规则变化

和

不规则变化

两种.

不可数名词可以借助单位词来表示一定的数量。

adropofwater,asheetofpaper,apieceofnews,atonofcoal

注意：名词的规则变化加–s

的

发音。

一些

特殊的名词及变化。

Grammar名词Grammar

规则变化是在名词后加-s,具体变化规则如下:1、一般情况下,加–se.g.book-booksmap-mapsteacher-teachersway-ways2、在s,x,sh,ch后,加–es.e.g.bus-busesbox-boxesbrush-brusheswatch-watches3、以辅音字母加y结尾的,变y为i再加-es.e.g.family-familiesfactory-factoriesparty-partiesdiary-diaries4、以f,fe结尾的,则变f,fe为v,再加-es.e.g.live-livesknife-kniveswife-wiveshalf-halvesleaf-leaves5、以辅音字母加o结尾的,加–s.e.g.hero-heroespotato-potatoestomato-tomatoes

6、以元音字母加o结尾的,加–es.e.g.radio-radioszoo-zoosbamboo-bamboos

7、有些词(含外来词)加-s.需记忆.e.g.photo-photospiano-pianosmemo-memoskilo-kilos

Grammar规则变化是在名词后加-s,具体变化规则

名词的不规则变化，如下:1、变内部元音

foot-feettooth-teethgoose-geesemouse-miceman-menwoman-womenpoliceman-policemen

2、单复数同形

Chinese-ChineseJapanese-Japanesedeer-deerfish-fishsheep-sheep3、词尾加-en

child-childrenox-oxenGrammar名词的不规则变化，如下:Grammar

名词后加-s

的读音,如下:1、在清辅音后，读/s/

lakesdesksmaps

2、在浊辅音和元音后，读/z/

dogsmachinesseasdrivers3、在/s,z,∫,t∫,dЗ/后，读/iz/

glassesrosesdisheschurchespagesbridges4、在/t,d/后，读/ts,dz/

partsbirdsstudentsseedsboatsfields注意：有些名词复数的发音，有变化。

house/s/-houses/ziz/cloth/θ/-clothes/z/

Grammar名词后加-s的读音,如下:

特殊的名词及变化1、有些名词加–s的形式表示种类。

两条鱼是

twofish，

two

fishes

表示两种鱼。

food

是不可数名词，

foods

表示多种食物。

people

表示‘人’时，是复数名词。只能说two

people,many

people；‘一个人’不能说apeople,应该说a

person；

apeople

表示‘一个民族’，two

peoples

表示‘两个民族’。2、有些以–f,-fe结尾的词，直接加-s

roofsbeliefsroofshandkerchiefssafes

有些以–f,-fe结尾的词，变–f,-fe为–ves或直接加-s

皆可。

dwarf–dwarfs/dwarvesscarf–scarfs/scarves3、复合名词的复数形式,一般是将主要部分变为复数。

lookers-onpassers-bysons-in-lawbus-driversfootball-playersboy-studentsgirl-servants

Grammar特殊的名词及变化Grammar

由man

或woman

作为第一部分的复合名词，两个部分皆变复数men

writers

women

doctors

men

cooks

women

singers

4、有些名词总是用复数形式。

apairoftrousers/shoes/gloves/glasses/shorts/scissors/jeans5、单数集体名词可看作是一个整体，也可看作若干个体。

familyclassgroupteampolicestaffcrowdaudience6、有些名词形式上是复数，却用作单数。

maths(mathematics)newsmeanseconomicsphysics7、表示时间、金钱、距离、重量的复数名词，在作为一整体看待时，当作单数对待。

Tenpoundsistooexpensiveforthispen.Twomilesisnotlong.Fifteenminutesisquiteenough.Threepoundsisnotsoheavy.Grammar由man或woman作为第一部分的复合名词Choosethecorrectnounsinthesentencesbelow.1)Idon’twear(trouser/trousers)toplayfootball.Iwear(short/shorts).2)Abicycleisaverycheap(mean/means)oftransport.3)Shecan’tseeverywell.Sheneeds(glass/glasses).4)Shewantstocuthishair.Sheneeds(scissor/scissors).5)weneedfour(people/persons)toplaythisgame.练习ChoosethecorrectnounsinthChoosethecorrectformoftheverb,singularorplural.e.g.BecauseIamgoodwithnumbers,mathematics(is/are)easyforme.1)Thenews(isn’t/aren’t)verygoodtoday.2)Threedays(is/aren’t)longenoughforagoodholiday.3)Haveyougotyourscissors?Mine(isn’t/aren’t)sharpenough.4)Englandalways(loses/lose)atbadminton.5)Phoneforataxi.Sixmiles(is/are)alongway.练习ChoosethecorrectformoftheCompletethesentencesafterthemodel.Model:ourholidaylaststhreeweeks.Itisa

three-week

holiday.Thegirlsare14yearsold.Theyare

14-year-old

girls.1)Thewomanis30.Sheisa___________________________.2)Theflightlastssixhours.Itisa_____________________________.3)Thebookhasgot200pages.Itisa______________________________.4)Theticketscosttwentyyuan.Theyare___________________________.5)ThisChinesecabbageweighsfivejin.Itisa______________________________.30-year-oldwomansix-hourflight200book20-yuantickets

five-jinChinesecabbage练习CompletethesentencesaftertRewritethesentencesandcorrecttheerrors.1)Thereisfivepersonsontheroom.2)Istheretwobusesnearaentrance?3)Thisboysovertherearemyfriend.4)Theyhasknifesandforkesinacoffeeshop.5)Aretherenostudentsofeconomicsinauniversity?6)Theyhasgotthreechildandnowanewbaby.7)Aoldwomenwantsadoubleroomsforthehotel.8)Isthisanyboxesonthekitchen?arefivepeopleinare/theThose/friendshaveknivesandforksany/thehave/childrenAnoldwoman/roomArethereanyboxesin…?练习Rewritethesentencesandcorr

改正下列句中的错误：Thereismanystudentsintheseschool.Ihaveverygoodmother.HisparentisChineses.Anyofmyfather’sfriendslivesinBeijing.Ohdear!Haven’tyougotsomemoneys?ThebankerandherwifelivesinLondon.WehaveaholidaysinAugust.Somepolicemenisverytall.arethisaparentsareChineseSomeanymoneylive\arelive练习改正下列句中的错误：arethisaparentsa

冠词：是置于名词之前、说明名词所表示的人或事物的一种虚词。冠词也可以说是名词的一种标志，它不能离开名词而独立存在。英语中冠词有三个，即定冠词、不定冠词

和零冠词。

定冠词

the

相当于this

或that，表示特指。定冠词the

在元音音素前读/i/，在辅音音素前读//。如：Theairwasfullofbutterflies.Thebattlestartedonthemorningofthetwenty-fourth.

不定冠词

a,an

相当于one,有单一的含义，有时也可指一类。

a,an在含义上并无不同，只是a

用于辅音音素前，读//；而an

则用于元音音素前，读/n/。如：Armstrongisamanoffewwords.Weliveaboutanhourfromthecity.

零冠词是名词前一种无形的冠词，即一般所说的不用冠词的场合。很多专有名词、抽象名词和物质名词都用零冠词。如：BeijingisthecapitalofChina.Knowledgeispower.

Grammar冠词：是置于名词之前、说明名词所表示的人或事物的

定冠词的用法：1、用于单数或复数名词，可数或不可数名词之前。表示特指。e.g.Theoldmanoverthereishisgrandfather.Thewaterishot.There’sabookonthedesk.Thebookismine.2、表示世界上独一无二的事物。

e.g.Thesunislikeagreatballoffireinthesky.3、用在序数词、形容词最高级和方位名词前。

e.g.Sundayisthefirstdayoftheweek?Whichisthebiggest,thesun,themoonortheearth?Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.4、与单数可数名词或某些形容词连用，表示一类。e.g.Thehorseisausefulanimal.