新教材高考英语全程考评特训卷课下天天练（六）阅读语言运用组合练（含解析）

课下天天练(六)阅读语言运用组合练姓名________班级________考号________时间：45分钟Ⅰ.阅读理解A[2022·长春市高三模拟]ThehistoryofmicrobiologybeginswithaDutchclothmakernamedAntonievanLeeuwenhoek,amanofnoformalscientificeducation.Inthelate1,600s,Leeuwenhoek,inspiredbythemagnifyinglenses(放大镜)heusedtoexaminecloth,builtsomeofthefirstmicroscopes.Hedevelopedatechniquetoimprovethequalityoftiny,roundedlenses,someofwhichcouldmagnifyanobjectupto270times.Afterremovingsomeplaquefrombetweenhisteethandexaminingitunderalens,Leeuwenhoekfoundtinytwistingcreatures,whichhecalled“animalcules”．Hisobservations,whichhereportedtotheRoyalSocietyofLondon,areamongthefirstdescriptionsofmicrobes(微生物).Leeuwenhoekdiscoveredanentireuniverseinvisibletothehumaneye.Hefounddifferentmicrobesinsamplesofpondwater,rainwater,andhumanblood.Hegavethefirstdescriptionofredbloodcells,observedplanttissue,examinedmuscle,andinvestigatedthelifecycleofinsects.this_legacy.Ina1716letter,hedescribedhiscontributiontosciencethisway:“Mywork,whichI'vedoneforalongtime,wasnotpursuedinordertogainthepraiseInowenjoy,butchieflyfromastrongdesireforknowledge,whichInoticeresidesinmemorethaninmostothermen.Andtherefore,wheneverIfoundoutanythingremarkable,Ithoughtitwasmydutytoputdownmydiscoveryonpaper,sothatthescientificcommunitymightbeinformed.”1．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesLeeuwenhoek?A．Atrainedresearcherwithaninterestinmicrobiology.B．Acuriousamateurwhomadepioneeringstudiesofmicrobes.C．Atalentedscientistinterestedinfindingacurefordisease.D．Aboredclothmakerwhoaccidentallymadeamajordiscovery.2．Theunderlinedphrase“thislegacy”inParagraph3refersto________.A．thediscoveryofmicrobesB．Pasteur'stheoryofdiseaseC．Leeuwenhoek'scontributionD．theoriginofthetinyorganism3．WhatdoesthequotefromLeeuwenhoek'slettersuggest?A．Headmittedthatmanyofhisdiscoverieshappenedbychance.B．Heconsideredhisworktobecentraltolatermedicalbreakthroughs.C．Hewasgreatlyconcernedwithimprovingpeople'slivingconditions.D．Hebelievedthesharingofknowledgewasakeytoscientificprogress.4．Whatisthecorrectorderforthefollowingevents?a．Magnifyinglenseswerebuilt.b．The“theoryofdisease”wasputforward.c．Microbeswerediscoveredinsamplesofwater.d．Leeuwenhoek'sfirstmicroscopesweresuccessfullydeveloped.e．Leeuwenhoekexplainedhisthoughtsuponhisowncontribution.A．a­d­c­e­b.B．d­a­c­e­b.C．a­c­d­b­e.D．d­a­e­b­c.B[2022·唐山市二模]A293­million­milejourneyoftheNASAPerseverancerover(探测器)toMarsendedsuccessfullyonFebruary18,2021,withapicture­perfectlandinginsidetheJezeroCrater.Thecar­sized,six­wheeledrover,nicknamedPercy,istheUSspaceagency'sbiggestandmostadvancedexplorertodate.Itsprimarymissionistosearchforsignsofancientmicrobial(微生物的)lifeonMars.LandingonMarsisextremelytricky.TheRedPlanet'sgravitational(引力的)pullcausesapproachingspacecrafttogofastertohighspeeds,whileitsthinatmosphere—just1percentthatofEarth's—doeslittletohelpslowitdownasitapproachesthesurface.ThescientistshadtoreducePercy's12,000mphspeedtoasafelandingspeedoflessthanfivemph—injustsixandahalfminutes.Thetargetentryanglealsohadtobeaprecise12degrees—anysteeper,andthespacecraftwouldburnup;anyflatter,anditwouldgetlostinspace.Itisnowonderthatthefinalapproachisoftenreferredtoasthe“sevenminutesofterror”．Uponattainingamanageablespeed,PercybrieflyflewovertheMartiansurfacetoseekouttheperfectlandingspot.Itscomplexmap­readingsystemrapidlyscannedtheareaandmatcheditwithmapsinitsdatabasetofindthebestlocation.TheNASAscientistswillspendthenexttwomonthstestingPercy'sscientificinstruments.Onceready,theroverwillbegintocarryoutitsmission.“Perseveranceisthesmartestrobotevermade,butconfirmingthatmicrobiallifeonceexistedcarriesanunusuallylargeburdenofproof，”saidLoriGlaze,directorofNASA'sPlanetaryScienceDivision.“Whilewe'lllearnalotwiththegreatinstrumentswehaveaboardtherover,itmayverywellrequirethefarmorewell­equippedlaboratoriesanddelicateinstrumentsbackhereonEarthtotelluswhetheroursamples(样本)carryevidencethatMarsonceharboredlife.”5．WhatistheextraordinarychallengefortherovertolandonMars?A．Thespeedreduction.B．Theatmosphereanalysis.C．Thelocationsearch.D．Thetimemanagement.6．WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A．Waystofindthepreciseentryangle.B．Consequencesofwrongentrydegree.C．Factorstosurvive“thesevenminutes”．D．Reasonsforthenecessityofspeedreducing.7．Whatdoes“it”refertoinParagraph4?A．Thespot.B．Thearea.C．Thesystem.D．Thesurface.8．WhatcanbeinferredfromLoriGlaze'swords?A．Instrumentsaboardtheroverarenotquitereliable.B．Perseveranceisabletocollectenoughevidenceneeded.C．ManstillhasalongwaytogotoprovelifewasonMars.D．SamplesofMarswillbereturnedsoontoourlabsontheEarth.Ⅱ.七选五[2022·烟台市诊断性测试]EarthHourisorganizedbytheWorldWideFundforNature.It'sabigeventusuallyattheendofMarcheveryyear.Onthisevening,people“godark”.[1]It'struethatturningofflightsforjustonehoursavesonlyasmallamountofpower.[2]Ononelevel,joininginEarthHourmakespeoplethinkabouttheproblemofclimatechangeandwhatwecandoineverydaylifetoprotectnature.Butonanotherlevel,alargenumberofpeople'sactingtogethersendsapowerfulmessagetogovernmentsandcompanies.[3]Theybeginconsideringgreenissueswhenmakingbigdecisions.Thelogo(标识)ofEarthHouris“60＋”.Thenumber60isforthe60minutesofEarthHour.[4]Infact,peoplewhojoininEarthHoursaythattakingpartmakesthemwanttodomorefortheenvironment.[5]Musiciansgiveconcertsbyplayingacoustic(原声的)instrumentsinsteadofelectricones,andusingcandlesinsteadofelectriclights.Celebritychefshavecreatedspecialrecipesforfamiliestoprepareandeatbycandlelight.Tree­plantingsessions,groupwalksandrunsarealsoamongtheoptions.A．Butthisisonlythebeginning.B．EarthHourrepresentseveryhourofeveryday.C．Afterall,everyonehastoanswerforwhattheyhavedone.D．Besidesturningoffthelights,peoplegetinvolvedinotherevents.E．Itpushesthemtotakeurgentmeasuresbymakingchangestopolicies.F．Thatis,theyswitchoffallunnecessarylightsatthesametimeforonehour.G．TheplusinvitespeopletocontinuetheiractionevenafterEarthHourisfinished.Ⅲ.完形填空[2022·南京市高三模拟考试]FatimagrewupinruralGhorProvince,wheretherewasnoschoolingavailabletogirls.Butsheinsistedonlisteningtoradio,whichshecould[1]whenhighenoughinthehills.“Mysisterswereforcedtogetmarried.IdecidedthatIwouldnotcontinueintheir[2].ThatwaswhyIdecidedto[3]，”Fatimasays.Shejoinedsocialmediagroupsforhistoryfans.[4]ofpeoplewhoonlyrelatedAfghanistantoconflicts,Fatimastartedwriting[5]aboutplacesthatforeignersmightnotknowabout.Fatimastartedgetting[6]fromonlinefriends.Amanreachedouttohersayinghewasgoingto[7]inAfghanistanandaskingwhethershewasinterestedinshowinghimaroundinHerat.Shesaidyes.Later,herecommendedhertosomeoneelseand[8]Fatimacametotheattentionofatravelagency.Thecompany[9]herinlate2020,andshebecamehercountry'sfirstfemale[10]tourguide.Ofcourse,beinga[11]isnevereasy.Fatimasaysmanypeoplehavetoldherthatit'stoodangerousforawomantowork,especiallyifitmeans[12]withmenone­on­one.Fatimasaysthatthe[13]ofheremployersandthepeopleshehasmetthroughgivingtoursiswhatkeepsher[14].There'salsotheimplication(暗示)ofwhatcouldhappenifshedoes[15].“IfIgiveup,thenotherwomenwillneverstart.”1．A.takeupB．pickupC．turnupD．buildup2．A.traditionB．choiceC．lifeD．business3．A.workB．liveC．studyD．travel4．A.AfraidB．ConvincedC．CertainD．Tired5．A.postsB．lettersC．novelsD．speeches6．A.responsesB．donationC．lessonsD．guidance7．A.teachB．setC．travelD．serve8．A.similarlyB．obviouslyC．hopefullyD．eventually9．A.promotedB．instructedC．hiredD．trained10．A.intelligentB．devotedC．efficientD．professional11．A.researcherB．pioneerC．specialistD．celebrity12．A.playingB．interactingC．exploringD．cooperating13．A.supportB．patienceC．protectionD．contribution14．A.refreshedB．recognizedC．informedD．motivated15．A.relaxB．skipC．quitD．insistⅣ.语法填空[2022·海口市调研考试]AfewweeksagoIwasoutwithmyfamilyattheopeningofanewplaygroundinourcommunity.Theadvertisementswereputup,1.________(state)therewouldbecoffeeavailableandactivitiesforchildren,andIwasconvincedthatitwasagoodideaforustoattend.Soafterwesettledin,andfoundaplaceforthekids2.________(play)in,Iheadedovertothecoffeestation.I3.________(break)myreusablecoffeecupseveraldaysbefore,4.________Iknockedoffatableontoahardfloor,soIdidn'thaveanythingwithme.Feeling5.________(guilt)thatImightneedtouseathrowawaycup,Iwasdelightedtoseetheywereusinggoodoldceramic(陶瓷器)coffeecupsthatare6.________(rare)seentoday.Itlookedliketheysearchedthecupboardsandgrabbedeverycuptheycouldfind.Afterwefinished,thecupswentintoabigcontainerwheretheywould7.________(wash)later.Whatafantasticwayofsolvingtheproblemofreusablecups!Yes,thereisthewashingtodoafter,but,8.________anyplasticorpaperwastebeingcreated,itisworthwhile.9.________isgreattoseealocalcouncilleadingthewayinasignificant10.________(reduce)ofwaste.课下天天练(六)阅读语言运用组合练Ⅰ.阅读理解A语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与自我——人物故事——AntonievanLeeuwenhoek与微生物学【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了微生物研究的先驱者AntonievanLeeuwenhoek为微生物所做的贡献及他对自己所做的贡献的看法。1．答案与解析：B考查推断的能力。根据第一段的第一句可知，Leeuwenhoek没有接受过正式的科学教育；再根据第一、二段的内容可知，Leeuwenhoek制造研究工具去探索微生物世界，他的观察结果是对微生物最早的描述之一；综上所述，Leeuwenhoek是一个充满好奇心的业余爱好者，他做出了开创性的微生物研究。故选B项。2．答案与解析：C考查理解词汇的能力。根据画线词语前面提到的“所有的这些突破都是Leeuwenhoek原先工作成果的结果”可推知，画线词语所在句表示“Leeuwenhoek没有预见到他所做的贡献”，故选C项。3．答案与解析：D考查推断的能力。根据最后一段的最后一句可知，Leeuwenhoek认为把他的发现记录下来是他的义务，这样科学界才可能对这些发现有所了解，由此可推知，他认为分享知识是科学进步的关键，故选D项。4．答案与解析：A考查理解具体信息的能力。浏览全文，根据第一和第二段可知，Leeuwenhoek从放大镜上获得灵感制造了显微镜，再发现了微生物。根据第三段第一句可知，在Leeuwenhoek发现微生物两百年后，即大约19世纪后半叶，一种疾病理论被提出。由最后一段可知，他阐述对自己所做的贡献的看法的信是在1716年写的。故选A项。B语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会——科学与技术——“毅力号”探测器成功登陆火星【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了“毅力号”探测器的主要任务，以及其登陆火星过程中的情况。5．答案与解析：A考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第二段可知，火星引力会使得接近火星的航天器更快速行进，并且火星稀薄的大气层对减缓航天器的速度几乎没有帮助，故减速是“毅力号”探测器登陆火星的特别挑战。6．答案与解析：C考查理解段落主旨要义的能力。通读第三段内容可知，该段尾句“Itisnowonderthatthefinalapproachisoftenreferredtoasthe‘sevenminutesofterror’”为本段总结句，再结合该段上文可知，该段主要介绍了“七分钟内生存下来的因素”：降低速度，精确的切入角度，故C项正确。7．答案与解析：B考查理解词汇的能力。分析第四段尾句句子结构可知，it的指代对象为map­readingsystem或thearea。再结合句意“其复杂的地图读取系统快速扫描该地区，并将其与数据库中的地图进行匹配，以找到最佳位置”可知，it指代该句中的“thearea”，故B项正确。8．答案与解析：C考查推理的能力。根据尾段可知，确认火星曾经存在过微生物需要大量的证据而携带这些证据的样本又需要装备齐全的实验室以及将精密仪器送回地球才能进行分析。据此可推知，人类要证明火星上曾有生命还有很长的路要走，故C项正确。Ⅱ.七选五语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自然——保护地球——“地球一小时”活动【语篇解读】文章主要介绍了由世界自然基金会组织的“地球一小时”活动的具体做法及意义。1．答案与解析：F空格前讲地球一小时是每年三月底的一件大事。当天晚上，人们要“经历黑暗”。F项“也就是说，他们将在同一时间关掉所有不必要的灯一小时”承接上文，符合语境。故选F。2．答案与解析：A空格前讲的确，仅关灯一小时只会节省少量的电能；空格后讲一方面，加入地球一小时(活动)让人们思考气候变化的问题，以及我们在日常生活中可以做些什么来保护自然。A项“但这只是开始”承上启下，符合语境。故选A。3．答案与解析：E空格前讲但另一方面，大量民众的共同行动向政府和企业发出了一个很强的信号；空格后讲当他们在做重大决策时开始考虑环保问题。E项“它(这个信号)促使他们通过改变政策来采取紧急措施”承上启下，符合语境。故选E。4．答案与解析：G空格前讲地球一小时的标识是“60＋”。数字60表示60分钟；空格后讲事实上，参加此活动的人想为环保做更多的事情。G项“这个加号邀请人们在地球一小时(活动)结束后继续他们的(环保)行动”承上启下，符合语境。故选G。5．答案与解析：D空格后讲音乐家利用原声乐器而不是电子乐器、使用蜡烛而不是电灯开音乐会。名厨为家庭创作了在烛光下享用的特别食谱。植树、集体散步和跑步也是其中的选择。D项“除了关灯以外，人们参与了其他的(环保)活动”引出下文，符合语境。故选D。【长难句分析】Ononelevel,joininginEarthHourmakespeoplethinkabouttheproblemofclimatechangeandwhatwecandoineverydaylifetoprotectnature.(第二段第三句)分析：本句是一个复合句。动名词短语joininginEarthHour作主语；thinkabout作makes的宾语补足语；what引导宾语从句；动词不定式短语toprotectnature作目的状语。译文：一方面，加入地球一小时(活动)让人们思考气候变化的问题，以及我们在日常生活中可以做些什么来保护自然。词汇积累：celebrityn.名人recipen.食谱optionn.选择Ⅲ.完形填空语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与自我——女性独立——阿富汗第一位女导游【语篇解读】Fatima在阿富汗Ghor省农村长大，虽然无法上学，但是她通过收音机学习知识，撰写介绍阿富汗鲜为人知的地方的文章，这件事引起了一家旅行社的注意，旅行社后来聘用了她。Fatima成为阿富汗第一位女导游。1．答案与解析：B考查语境推断。根据该句中的“whenhighenoughinthehills”可知，在山上足够高的地方她能听到收音机的声音。B项意为“听到；接收(信号)”，故B项正确。A项意为“占据，学着做，开始从事”；C项意为“调高(音量)，偶然出现”；D项意为“创建；开发”，都与语境不符。[易错分析]该题容易错选成C项，选错的原因是考生将radio和“调大声音”联系在一起，忽略了该句的语境和pickup一词的含义。考生应当注意一些高频短语的生义。2．答案与解析：C考查语境推断。根据空处上句“Mysisterswereforcedtogetmarried”可知，她的姐妹们被迫结婚了；结合该句中的“Iwouldnotcontinuein”可以推知，她不希望继续她的姐妹们的生活；C项意为“生活”，故C项正确。3．答案与解析：A考查语境推断。根据下文第三段第一、二句可知，Fatima开始参加社交团体，写作向外国人介绍他们可能不知道的阿富汗的一些地方；结合该句中的“ThatwaswhyIdecidedto”可以判断，看到自己的姐妹们被迫结婚后，Fatima决定参加工作，不继续她的姐妹们的生活。4．答案与解析：D考查常识推断。根据该句中的“Fatimastartedwriting”和“peoplewhoonlyrelatedAfghanistantoconflicts”并结合常识可知，Fatima厌倦了那些只把阿富汗和冲突联系在一起的人，开始写作。tiredof为固定搭配，意为“厌倦；厌烦”，故D项正确。5．答案与解析：A考查语境推断。根据下句中的“onlinefriends”可知，Fatima通过写作认识了许多网友；结合该句中的“aboutplacesthatforeignersmightnotknowabout”可以判断，Fatima在网上写帖子向外国人介绍阿富汗一些鲜为人知的地方。A项意为“帖子”，故A项正确。6．答案与解析：A考查语境推断。根据该句中的“fromonlinefriends”再结合上文内容可以推知，通过写文章介绍阿富汗当地一些鲜为人知的地方，Fatima开始收到网友的回复。A项意为“回答，答复”，故A项正确。7．答案与解析：C考查语境推断。根据该句中的“andaskingwhethershewasinterestedinshowinghimaroundinHerat”可知，这位男士问她是否有兴趣带他去赫拉特转转；据此可以推知，该男子将去阿富汗旅游，C项意为“旅行”，故C项正确。8．答案与解析：D考查语境推断。根据前半句“Later,herecommendedhertosomeoneelse”可知，后来，他把她推荐给了别人；结合下半句“Fatimacametotheattentionofatravelagency”可知，Fatima终于引起了一家旅行社的注意。故D项正确。9．答案与解析：C考查语境推断。根据下句中的“shebecamehercountry'sfirstfemale”和“tourguide”可知，Fatima成了阿富汗的第一个女导游，据此可以推知，这家公司随后聘用了她。10．答案与解析：D考查语境推断。根据该句中的“country'sfirstfemale”可知，空处与此对应，说明她得到了一家旅游公司的聘用，成了专业的导游。