北京市西城区高三一模英语试卷

2023届北京市西城区高三一模英语试卷第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Asachildgrowingupinthe1980s,MarleneIrvintookmanytripstoJoyland,anamusementparkinherhometownofWichita,Kansas.ShegotexcitedthemomentherfamilydroveintoJoyland’sparkinglot.“Thecarouselcirclingattheentrancetotheparkwasalwaysthe____1____forme,”Marlenesaid.“Icouldwatchthehorsesforhours.”Joylandcertainlymadea/an____2____impressiononMarlene,asshegother“firstrealjob”yearslateratWichita’sChanceManufacturing,thelargestmakerofamusementparkridesintheworldatthetime.Marlenestartedinthefiberglassworkshop,wherethecarouselhorses’frames,alongwithpartsforFerriswheels,rollercoasters,andotherrides,werepiecedtogether.She____3____foundherwaytoChance’sartanddecorationdepartment,becomingoneoftheleadhorseartists.Then,afterworkingatChancefornearlyfifteenyears,Marlenedecidedtostartherownbusiness,focusingoncarouselrestoration.Aroundthesametime,Joylandstartedexperiencinga____4____inattendance.Atlast,totheheartbreakofWichitansyoungandold,Joyland____5____aftermorethanfiftyyearsofoperation.Localpreservationorganizationspurchasedsomeofthepark’shistoricalitems,andJoyland’sthirty-sixcarouselhorsesweredonatedtoBotanica,aWichita-ownedbotanicalgarden.BotanicaaskedMarleneto____6____theold,brokenhorses,andsheacceptedthechallenge.AsMarlenefinishedeachhorse,Botanica____7____themforthepublictosee.Althoughtheylooked____8____comparedtotheirglory(辉煌)daysatJoyland,thankstoMarlene’sartisticefforts,thehorsesimpressedobserversevenmorethantheyhadbefore.WhennativeWichitanssawthem,theirmost____9____questionwas:“Willwebeabletoridethem?”Evenas______10______,theyrememberedridingthehorsesatJoylandwhentheywerekids.Marlenealwayssmiledandanswered:“They’vebeenwaitingforyoutocomeback.”1.A.memory B.dream C.highlight D.comfort2.A.immediate B.lasting C.accurate D.general3.A.suddenly B.definitely C.hesitantly D.eventually4.A.decline B.break C.boost D.return5.A.wentdown B.felldown C.gotdown D.shutdown6.A.replace B.rearrange C.restore D.reuse7.A.displayed B.moved C.protected D.advertised8.A.modern B.different C.attractive D.unique9.A.basic B.unexpected C.common D.remarkable10.A.repairmen B.customers C.residents D.adults【答案】1.C2.B3.D4.A5.D6.C7.A8.B9.C10.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是MarleneIrvin帮助修复Joyland又旧又破的旋转木马，给人们留下了深刻的印象。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：公园入口处的旋转木马一直是最让我激动的。A.memory记忆；B.dream梦；C.highlight最好（或最精彩、最激动人心）的部分；D.comfort安慰。根据下文“Icouldwatchthehorsesforhours”可知，公园入口处的旋转木马一直是最让Marlene激动的。故选C。【2题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Joyland无疑给Marlene留下了持久的印象，多年后她在Wichita’sChanceManufacturing（当时世界上最大的游乐园游乐设施制造商）得到了她的“第一份真正的工作”。A.immediate立刻的；B.lasting持久的；C.accurate准确的；D.general普遍的。根据上文“ShegotexcitedthemomentherfamilydroveintoJoyland’sparkinglot”可知，Joyland无疑给Marlene留下了持久的印象。故选B。【3题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：她最终进入了Chance的艺术和装饰部门，成为主要的马艺术家之一。A.suddenly突然；B.definitely肯定地；C.hesitantly犹豫地；D.eventually最终。根据下文“foundherwaytoChance’sartanddecorationdepartment”可知，她最终进入了Chance的艺术和装饰部门。故选D。【4题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，Joyland的入场率开始下降。A.decline下降；B.break打破；C.boost提高；D.return回来。根据下文“Localpreservationorganizationspurchasedsomeofthepark’shistoricalitems,andJoyland’sthirty-sixcarouselhorsesweredonatedtoBotanica”可知，Joyland的入场率开始下降。故选A。【5题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：最终，令Wichita的老老少少心碎的是，在运营了50多年后，Joyland关闭了。A.wentdown下来；B.felldown倒下；C.gotdown下来；D.shutdown关闭。根据下文“Localpreservationorganizationspurchasedsomeofthepark’shistoricalitems,andJoyland’sthirty-sixcarouselhorsesweredonatedtoBotanica”可知，Joyland关闭了。故选D。【6题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Botanica请Marlene修复这些破旧马，她接受了挑战。A.replace代替；B.rearrange重新安排；C.restore修复；D.reuse再次使用。根据下文“theold,brokenhorses”可知，旋转木马旧了，Botanica请Marlene修复这些破旧的马。故选C。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Marlene每完成一匹马，Botanica就把它们展示给公众看。A.displayed展示；B.moved移动；C.protected保护；D.advertised打广告。根据下文“forthepublictosee”可知，Marlene每完成一匹马，Botanica就把它们展示给公众看。故选A。【8题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管由于Marlene在艺术上的努力，它们看起来与在Joyland的辉煌岁月相比有所不同，但它们给观察者留下的印象比以前更深刻。A.modern现代的；B.different不同的；C.attractive吸引人的；D.unique独特的。根据下文“comparedtotheirglory(辉煌)daysatJoyland”可知，它们看起来与在Joyland的辉煌岁月相比有所不同。故选B。【9题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当Wichita的人看到它们时，他们最常见的问题是：“我们能骑它们吗？”A.basic基本的；B.unexpected出乎意料的；C.common常见的；D.remarkable非凡的。根据上文“thehorsesimpressedobserversevenmorethantheyhadbefore”可知，当Wichita的人看到它们时，他们最常见的问题是：“我们能骑它们吗？”。故选C。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使成年后，他们也记得小时候在Joyland骑过马。A.repairmen修理工；B.customers顾客；C.residents居民；D.adults成年人。根据下文“theyrememberedridingthehorsesatJoylandwhentheywerekids”可知，句子表示“即使成年后，他们也记得小时候在Joyland骑过马”。故选D。第二节(共10小题;每小题分，共15分)A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。MynameisBarbaraandIworkatadepartmentstore.I____11____(work)thereforoneyearwhenanotherBarbarajoinedthestaff.ThenIchangedmynametagfrom“Barb”to“Barbie”.____12____mademefeelfunnywashowsmallkidstalkedaboutme.“IsshereallyBarbie?”theyasked.Ichangeditatmyotherjob,tooandbeganansweringthephone,“ThisisBarbie.HowcanIhelpyou?”Thecallershavegottenusedtothatovertime,ninetypercentof____13____nowrespondwithmyname:“Barbie,canyoutellme.”Pronouncingthatlong“e”soundforcesyourmouthintoasmile,butIhavefoundthesmileisusuallyreturnedvoluntarily.【答案】11.hadworked12.What13.whom【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者在一家百货公司工作时，另一位和作者同名的人也加入进来的趣事。【11题详解】考查时态。句意：我在那里工作了一年之后，另一个Barbara加入了工作。由“whenanotherBarbarajoinedthestaff”可知，当另一个Barbara加入了工作时，“我”已经工作一年了，空格处用过去完成时表示动作发生在过去过去，因此空格处是hadworked。故填hadworked。【12题详解】考查主语从句。句意：让我觉得好笑的是小孩子们怎么谈论我。空格处引导的是主语从句，从句中缺少主语，此处指“小孩子们怎么谈论我”这件事，因此空格处用what引导主语从句，位于句首，首字母大写，故填What。【13题详解】考查定语从句。句意：随着时间的推移，来百货公司的的人已经习惯了，现在90%的人对我名字的反应是“芭比，你能告诉我吗？”空格处是“介词+which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词callers是人，因此空格处用whom，故填whom。B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。It’ssaidthatfortheEnglishman,hishouseishiscastle.However,thisdoesnotmeanthathishouseisabeautifulpalacethatothers____14____(invite)tosee.FortheBritish,thehomeisaplacetoprotectoneselffromtheoutsideworld.It’saprivateplaceinwhichhegoestohideaway____15____thetroublesoflife.TotheAmerican,thehomeisanexpressionof____16____(he).Muchmoneyisoftenspentoneachandeveryroom____17____(create)theright“feel”accordingtotheperson’slifestyle.Therefore,heishappytoshowhishousetoothers.【答案】14.areinvited15.from16.himself17.tocreate【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了“房屋”对英国人和美国人分别意味着什么。【14题详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：然而，这并不意味着他的房子是一个美丽的宫殿，其他人都会被邀请来参观。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，主语others与invite为动宾关系，表示“被邀请”，故需要用到被动语态；文章为陈述客观事实，故用一般现在时态。故填areinvited。【15题详解】考查介词。句意：这是他躲避生活烦恼的私人场所。结合句意，表示“躲避”为固定短语hideawayfrom。故填from。【16题详解】考查反身代词。句意：对于美国人来说，房屋就是表达他自己的一种方式。结合句意可知，空处需要填反身代词表示“美国人自己”；根据谓语动词is和宾语anexpression可知，此处反身代词需要用单数形式，在性别有男有女时，用himself代指。故填himself。【17题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：通常会在每个房间都花很多钱，以根据人们的生活方式来创造一种合适的“感觉”。分析句子结构，谓语动词为isspent，故空处需要填非谓语的形式；结合句意，表示“来……”为目的，故用todo不定式的形式。故填tocreate。C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Smokejumpersarefirefighters,trainedtofightfiresinplacesthatfireenginescan’treach.Theytravelinsmallplanesand,____18____(use)aparachute,jumpintoremotewildareastofightfires.Smokejumpershavetorespondquickly.Whileafireisstillsmall,thepilot____19____(drop)teammembersintotheareaasneeded.Theirfirstjobmaybetobuildafirelinetostopthefirefromspreading.Waterissentdowntothem.Smokejumpersmustbe____20____(high)trained,veryexperiencedandextremelyfit.Theirjobisverydangerous.【答案】18.using19.drops##willdrop20.highly【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了跳伞灭火工作人员的工作方式，内容和条件。【18题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们乘坐小型飞机旅行，并使用降落伞跳入偏远的荒野地区灭火。分析句子成分可知，本句的谓语动词为“travel”和“jump”，连词为“and”，故提示词应为非谓语动词。照应主语“They”，为逻辑上的主动关系，故用doing形式作方式状语。故填using。【19题详解】考查谓语动词。句意：当火势还很小时，飞行员会根据需要将队员空投到该地区。分析句子成分可知，本句为“While”引导的时间状语从句，主将从现，故主句应用一般将来时。另外，本句也可理解为客观描述，可用一般现在时。故填drops/willdrop。【20题详解】考查副词。句意：跳伞灭火员必须训练有素，非常有经验和非常健康。根据空前后为谓语动词“mustbetrained”可知，应为副词修饰动词。故填highly。第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ADearTeachersandParents,ThisJune,duringFinancialLiteracyMonth,wehavesometoshare.In2015,afreeonlinefinancialeducationcoursenamedFutureSmartwasintroducedtomiddleschoolstudents,specificallytargetingthisgroupatatimeintheirliveswhenfinancialhabitstakeholdandgrow.Fastforwardtotoday,FutureSmart,availableinEnglishandSpanish,hasreachedover13,000schoolsacrossall50states.Morethantwomillionstudentshavecompletedthecourse,withalmosthalfcomingfromlow-to-moderateincomefamilies.Butwearen’tstoppingthere.Wepromisetoreachfourmillionmorestudentsbytheendof2025.Why?Becausethismomentcallsforbraveaction.Neverbeforehavemoneymanagementandinvestmentdecisionsbeensoeasytoconductatanytimeorplacethroughtheuseofasmartphone.Itistimetoofferstudentsmorecriticalfinancialliteracyeducationtoencouragethemtomakegoodfinancialdecisionsonadailybasisastheymaketheirwaythroughacomplexworld.Fromweighingopportunitycoststodelayinginstantsatisfactionforlong-termfinancialgain,FutureSmarteducatesouryouthusinghands-onsimulations(模拟)tointroduceconceptslikedailyfinancialdecisionsandtherewardsoflong-termplanning.Teachingyounglearnershowtobuildsolidfinancialfoundationsisanimportantstepinbuildingfinanciallyhealthycommunities.Althoughourworkisfarfromcomplete,weknowthatFutureSmartworks.Anditworksexceptionallywell.Inthelargeststudyofitskind,supportedbytheMassMutualFoundationandEVERFI,theUniversityofMassachusettsDonahueInstitute(UMDI)recentlyconcludedthat90%ofstudentssawastatisticallysignificantandeducationallymeaningfulincreaseinknowledgeaftertakingtheFutureSmartcourse.What’smore,theseresultswereconsistentacrossallstudentdemographicsincludingrace,age,gender,schoolyear,andsocioeconomicstatus.Wehavealongwaytogotoreacheverysinglemiddleschoolstudent,butwewelcomethechallenge.Together,ourteamshavestartedamovementtoprovideequalaccesstofinancialeducation,andweinviteotherstojoinus.VisitgetfuturesmartcomtolearnmoreandseehowyoucanbringFutureSmarttotheyoungpeopleinyourlife.MICHAELFANNINGRAYMARTINEZHeadofMassMutualUSPresidentandCo-FounderofEVERFI21.ThecourseFutureSmart.A.isofferedintwodifferentlanguagesB.requiresskillfulsmartphoneoperationC.hasbeenboughtbyalargenumberofschoolsD.targetsstudentsfromlow-to-moderateincomefamilies22.HowdoesFutureSmartintroducefinancialconcepts?A.Byestablishingfinanciallyhealthycommunities.B.Bymanagingopportunitiesandrewards.C.Bysimulatingreal-lifesituations.D.Bydelayingfinancialgain.23.Aftertakingthecourse,thestudentsshouldbeableto.A.improvetheiracademicperformanceB.acceptfinancialchallengesatanytimeC.understandpeoplefromvariousbackgroundsD.buildastablefinancialfoundationforthefuture【答案】21.A22.C23.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。一门名为FutureSmart的免费在线金融教育课程被介绍给了中学生，该课程专门针对这一群体，旨在教年轻人如何建立坚实的财务基础。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段首句“Fastforwardtotoday,FutureSmart,availableinEnglishandSpanish,hasreachedover13,000schoolsacrossall50states.(快进到今天，FutureSmart有英语和西班牙语版本，已经覆盖了美国50个州的13000多所学校。)”可知，FutureSmart课程以两种不同的语言提供。故选A。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段首句“Fromweighingopportunitycoststodelayinginstantsatisfactionforlong-termfinancialgain,FutureSmarteducatesouryouthusinghands-onsimulations(模拟)tointroduceconceptslikedailyfinancialdecisionsandtherewardsoflong-termplanning.(从权衡机会成本到为了长期财务收益而推迟即时满足，FutureSmart通过实际模拟教育我们的年轻人，介绍日常财务决策和长期规划奖励等概念。)”可知，FutureSmart通过模拟现实情况引入金融概念。故选C。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据第六段末句“Teachingyounglearnershowtobuildsolidfinancialfoundationsisanimportantstepinbuildingfinanciallyhealthycommunities.(教年轻人如何建立坚实的财务基础是建立财务健康社区的重要一步。)”以及第七段“Althoughourworkisfarfromcomplete,weknowthatFutureSmartworks.Anditworksexceptionallywell.(虽然我们的工作还远未完成，但我们知道FutureSmart是可行的。而且效果非常好。)”可知，FutureSmart课程是为了教年轻人如何建立坚实的财务基础，且效果非常好。所以，学习完课程后，学生应该能够为未来建立一个稳定的财务基础。故选D。BIwassittinginachemistrylabclassduringmyfirstyearofuniversity,nervousabouttheexperimentweweretoperform.Igrabbedapipetteand,asIfeared,myhandstartedtoshake.Theexperiencewasdisheartening.Iwashopingtopursueacareerinscience,butIstartedtowonderwhetherthatwouldbepossible.Ithoughtmydreamshadcrashedtotheground.Iwasaboybornwithbraindamage.Myfamilymanagedtofindgooddoctorswherewelived,inLeningrad(nowSt.Petersburg),Russia,andItookpartinclinicaltrialstestingnewtreatments.Shortlyaftermyfirstbirthday,Istartedwalkinganditbecameclearmyintelligencefunctionwasunaffected.So,insomesense,Iwaslucky.Still,Icouldn’tdosomethingsgrowingup.Bothhandsshook,especiallywhenIwasnervousorembarrassed.Mylefthandwasmuchworsethanmyright,soIlearnedtowriteanddosimpletaskswithmyrighthand,butitwasn’teasytodoanythingprecisely.Asateenager,Ifacedalotofbullyingatschool.Feelingalone,Ijoinedastudygroupcalled“Thenaturalworld”.Ithoughtthatgettingintotheworldofanimalswouldkeepmeawayfrompeople.That’showIcameintothefieldofbiology.Atuniversity,Ienjoyedthelecturesinmyscienceclasses.Manylabtasksprovedimpossible,however.AsIstruggledwithmymood,Ireadabookaboutdepression.Fromthenon,thephysiologyofmentaldisordersbecamemyscientificpassion.Ilookedintowhatwasbeingdonelocallyandwasexcitedtodiscoveralabthatdidbehavioralexperimentsinratstostudydepression.Attheendofmysecondyear,IapproachedtheprofessorofthelabtoseewhetherIcouldworkwithher.IwasafraidtoadmitIcouldn’tdosomelabtasks.Tomyrelief,shewascompletelysupportive.Shesetmetoworkperformingbehavioralexperimentsforothersinthelabwiththehelpofcolleagues.Ilovedthesupportiveatmosphereandstayedtheretocompletemymaster’sandPh.D.I’vecometorealizethatmyhandsaren’tthebarrierIthoughttheywere.Bymakinguseofmyabilitiesandworkingaspartofateam,I’vebeenabletofollowmypassions.I’vealsorealizedthatthere’smuchmoretobeingascientistthanperformingthephysicallabor.Imaynotcollectallthedatainmypapers,butI’mfullycapableofdesigningexperimentsandinterpretingresults,which,tome,isthemostexcitingpartofscience.24.Whatwastheauthor’sdream?A.Toliveanormallife. B.Tobecomeascientist.C.Togetamaster’sdegree. D.Torecoverfromdepression.25.TheauthorsaidhewasluckyinParagraph2because.A.hedidn’tlosethefunctionofbothhandsB.helearnedhowtowalkattheageofoneC.hisfamilycouldaffordtoseegooddoctorsD.hisbraindamagedidn’taffecthisintellectualcapacity26.Fromthepassage,itisclearthat.A.theauthor’sowndepressioninspiredhimtohelpotherswithmentaldisordersB.theauthorwassurroundedbyateamwhourgedhimtofurtherhisstudyC.theauthor’slonelinessmovedhimtowardstheworldofbiologyD.theauthorfinallyfinishedthelabtasksonhisown27.Whatmessagedoestheauthorwanttoexpress?A.Lovingyourselfmakesadifference. B.Opportunityfollowspreparedpeople.C.Abrightfuturebeginswithasmalldream. D.Thesunsomehowshinesthroughthestorm.【答案】24.B25.D26.C27.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者天生脑损伤，但仍然梦想成为一名科学家。经历了重重困难，最终作者实现了自己的梦想。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Iwashopingtopursueacareerinscience,butIstartedtowonderwhetherthatwouldbepossible.Ithoughtmydreamshadcrashedtotheground.(我希望从事科学方面的职业，但我开始怀疑这是否可能。我以为我的梦想已经破灭了)”可知，作者的梦想是成为科学家。故选B。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Shortlyaftermyfirstbirthday,Istartedwalkinganditbecameclearmyintelligencefunctionwasunaffected.So,insomesense,Iwaslucky.(在我第一个生日后不久，我开始走路，很明显我的智力功能没有受到影响。所以，在某种意义上，我是幸运的)”可知，作者说他在第二段是幸运的，因为他的脑损伤没有影响他的智力。故选D。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Asateenager,Ifacedalotofbullyingatschool.Feelingalone,Ijoinedastudygroupcalled“Thenaturalworld”.Ithoughtthatgettingintotheworldofanimalswouldkeepmeawayfrompeople.That’showIcameintothefieldofbiology.(十几岁的时候，我在学校遭遇了很多欺凌。感到孤独，我加入了一个名为“自然世界”的学习小组。我以为进入动物的世界会让我远离人类。这就是我进入生物学领域的原因)”可知，从文章中可以看出，作者的孤独使他走向了生物学的世界。故选C。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“I’vecometorealizethatmyhandsaren’tthebarrierIthoughttheywere.Bymakinguseofmyabilitiesandworkingaspartofateam,I’vebeenabletofollowmypassions.I’vealsorealizedthatthere’smuchmoretobeingascientistthanperformingthephysicallabor.Imaynotcollectallthedatainmypapers,butI’mfullycapableofdesigningexperimentsandinterpretingresults,which,tome,isthemostexcitingpartofscience.(我开始意识到我的手并不是我想象中的障碍。通过发挥我的能力和团队合作，我能够追随我的热情。我也意识到，作为一名科学家，除了从事体力劳动，还有更多的事情要做。我可能无法在论文中收集所有的数据，但我完全有能力设计实验并解释结果，对我来说，这是科学中最令人兴奋的部分)”结合文章讲述了作者天生脑损伤，但仍然梦想成为一名科学家。经历了重重困难，最终作者实现了自己的梦想。可推知，作者想要表达的是：阳光总会穿过暴风雨。故选D。CImagineasimplebloodtestthatcouldflagmostkindsofcancersattheearliest,mostcurablestage.Liquidbiopsiescould,intheory,detectatumor(肿瘤)wellbeforeitcouldbefoundbytouch,symptomsorimaging.Bloodtestscouldavoidtheneedforsurgeonstocuttissuesamplesandmakeitpossibletorevealcancerhidinginplacesneedlesandscalpelscannotsafelyreach.Theycouldalsodeterminewhattypeofcanceristakingroottohelpdoctorsdecidewhattreatmentmightworkbesttodestroyit.Liquidbiopsiesarenotyetinhand,becauseitishardtofinddefinitivecancersignalsinatubeofblood,butprogressinrecentyearshasbeenimpressive.LastyearthejournalSciencepublishedthefirstbigprospectivestudyofaliquidbiopsyforDNAandproteinsfrommultipletypesofcancers.Thoughfarfromperfect,thebloodtestcalledCancerSEEKfound26tumorsthathadnotbeendiscoveredwithconventionalscreenings.LiquidbiopsiescanrelyonavarietyofbiomarkersinadditiontotumorDNAandproteins,suchasfree-floatingcancercellsthemselves.Butwhatmakesthesearchdifficult,AnaRobles,acancerbiologistoftheNationalCancerInstitute,explains,isthat“ifyouhaveanearly-stagecancerorcertaintypesofcancer,theremightnotbealotoftumorDNA,”andtestsmightmissit.Theidealbloodtestwillbebothveryspecificandverysensitivesothateventinytumorscanbefound.Totacklethischallenge,CancerSEEKlooksforcancer-specificmutations(突变)on16genes,andforeightproteinsthatarelinkedtocancerandforwhichtherearehighlysensitivetests.Simpledetectionisnottheonlygoal.Anidealliquidbiopsywillalsodeterminethelikelylocationofthecancersothatitcanbetreated.“Mutationsareoftensharedamongdifferentkindsofcancer,soifyoufindtheminblood,youdon’tknowifthatmutationiscomingfromastomachcancerorlungcancer,”saysAnirbanMaitra,acancerscientistattheAndersonCancerCenter.Tosolvethatproblem,somenewerliquidbiopsieslookforchangesingeneexpression.Suchchanges,Maitranotes,are“moreorgan-specific”.Onthenearerhorizonareliquidbiopsiestohelppeoplealreadydiagnosedwithcancer.Lastyearthegovernmentapprovedthefirsttwosuchtests,whichscanfortumorDNAsodoctorscanselectmutation-targeteddrugs.Scientistsareworkingonbloodteststodetectthefirstsignsofcancerrecurrence(复发)inpatientswhohavecompletedtreatment.Thisworkismovingfast,butdoesitsavelives?ThatisthequestioncompaniessuchasThriveandGrailmustanswerfortheirbroadlyambitiousscreeningtests.“Thesecompanieshavetoprovethattheycandetectearlycancerand,moreimportant,thattheearlydetectioncanhaveanimpactoncancersurvival,”Maitraobserves.28.Accordingtothepassage,liquidbiopsiesareexpectedtoA.flagcanceranddeterminethetreatmentB.detectcancersignalsfromasampleofbloodC.takeimagesoftumorsandpreventpotentialcancersD.showtypesofcancerbymeasuringtheamountofproteins29.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Signsofcancerrecurrencearenotdetectable.B.Differentkindsofcancerhavedifferentgenemutations.C.BiomarkersaremuchmorereliablethantumorDNAandproteins.D.Organ-specificcancerswillbeidentifiedthroughchangesingeneexpression.30.Theauthorismostlyconcernedaboutwhether.A.liquidbiopsiescandiscovertumorsconventionalscreeningscan’tfindB.liquidbiopsiescanimprovetheapplicationofmutation-targeteddrugsC.liquidbiopsiescanhelpsavethelivesofthosewithcancerD.liquidbiopsiescanbedevelopedforcancerprevention【答案】28.B29.D30.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了液体活检检测肿瘤的研究以及目前存在的一些不足之处。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Liquidbiopsiescould,intheory,detectatumor(肿瘤)wellbeforeitcouldbefoundbytouch,symptomsorimaging.(理论上，液体活检可以通过触摸、症状或成像能发现之前检测出肿瘤)”可知，液体活检，如血样能够检测出肿瘤。故选B项。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段后二句“Tosolvethatproblem,somenewerliquidbiopsieslookforchangesingeneexpression.Suchchanges,Maitranotes,are“moreorgan-specific”.(为了解决这个问题，一些新的液体活检寻找基因表达的变化。Maitra指出，这种变化“更具器官特异性”)”可推测出，器官特异性的肿瘤将能通过基因表达上的变化被识别出。故选D项。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句““Thesecompanieshavetoprovethattheycandetectearlycancerand,moreimportant,thattheearlydetectioncanhaveanimpactoncancersurvival,”Maitraobserves.(“这些公司必须证明他们能够检测到早期癌症，更重要的是，早期检测可以对癌症生存率产生影响。”Maitra说道。)”推知，作者关心的是液体活检是否有助于挽救癌症患者的生命。故选C项。DTechnologyseemstodiscourageslow,immersivereading.Readingonascreen,particularlyaphonescreen,tiresyoureyesandmakesitharderforyoutokeepyourplace.Soonlinewritingtendstobemoreskimmableandlist-likethanprint.ThecognitiveneuroscientistMaryWaltarguedrecentlythatthis“newnorm”ofskimreadingisproducing“aninvisible,game-changingtransformation”inhowreadersprocesswords.Theneuronalcircuitthatsustainsthebrain’scapacitytoreadnowfavorstherapidabsorptionofinformation,ratherthanskillsdevelopedbydeeperreading,likecriticalanalysis.Weshouldn’toverplaythisdanger.Allreadersskim.Skimmingistheskillweacquireaschildrenaswelearntoreadmoreskillfully.Fromabouttheageofnine,oureyesstarttobouncearoundthepage,readingonlyaboutaquarterofthewordsproperly,andfillinginthegapsbyinference.Noristhereanythingnewinthesefearsaboutdecliningattentionspans.Sofar,theanxietieshaveprovedtobefalsealarms.“Quiteafewcriticshavebeenworriedaboutattentionspanlatelyandseeveryshortstoriesassignsofculturaldecline,”theAmericanauthorSelvinBrownwrote.“Nooneeversaidthatpoemswereevidenceofshortattentionspans.”AndyettheInternethascertainlychangedthewayweread.Forastart,itmeansthatthereismoretoread,becausemorepeoplethaneverarewriting.Ifyoutimetravelledjustafewdecadesintothepast,youwouldwonderathowlittlewritingwashappeningoutsideaclassroom.Anddigitalwritingismeantforrapidreleaseandresponse.Anonlinearticlestartsformingacommentstringunderneathassoonasitispublished.Thismodeofwritingandreadingcanbeinteractiveandfun.Butoftenittreatsotherpeople’swordsassomethingtobequicklyharvestedasfoddertosaysomethingelse.Everyonetalksoverthetopofeveryoneelse,desperatetobeheard.Perhapsweshouldslowdown.Readingisconstantlypromotedasasocialgoodandsourceofpersonalachievement.Butthisadvocacyoftenemphasizes“enthusiastic”,“passionate”or“eager”reading,noneofwhichadjectivessuggestslow,quietabsorption.Toaslowreader,apieceofwritingcanonlybefullyunderstoodbyimmersingoneselfinthewordsandtheirslowcomprehensionofalineofthought.Theslowreaderislikeaswimmerwhostopscountingthenumberofpoollapshehasdoneandjustenjoyshowhisbodyfeelsandmovesinwater.Thehumanneedforthiskindofdeepreadingistootenaciousforanynewtechnologytodestroy.Weoftenassumethattechnologicalchangecan’tbestoppedandhappensinonedirection,sothatoldermedialike“dead-tree”booksarekickedoutbynewer,morevirtualforms.Inpractice,oldertechnologiescancoexistwithnewones.TheKindlehasnotkilledofftheprintedbookanymorethanthecarkilledoffthebicycle.Westillwanttoenjoyslowly-formedideasandcarefully-chosenwords.Eveninafast-movingage,thereistimeforslowreading.31.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsSelvinBrown’sopinion?A.Favorable. B.Critical. C.Doubtful. D.Objective.32.Theauthorwouldprobablyagreethat.A.advocacyofpassionatereadinghelpspromoteslowreadingB.digitalwritingleadstotoomuchspeakingandnotenoughreflectionC.thepublicshouldbeawareoftheimpactskimminghasonneuronalcircuitsD.thenumberofInternetreadersisdecliningduetotheadvancesoftechnology33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tenacious”inParagraph6probablymean?A.Comprehensive. B.Complicated. C.Determined. D.Apparent.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.SlowReadingIsHeretoStayB.DigitalTechnologyPreventsSlowReadingC.Screenvs.Print:WhichRequiresDeepReading?D.ReadingIsNotaRace:TheWonderofDeepReading【答案】31.A32.B33.C34.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了作者对于慢阅读的看法，指出了慢阅读的重要性和好处，并指出科技不能改变人们对这种深度阅读的需求。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Noristhereanythingnewinthesefearsaboutdecliningattentionspans.Sofar,theanxietieshaveprovedtobefalsealarms.“Quiteafewcriticshavebeenworriedaboutattentionspanlatelyandseeveryshortstoriesassignsofculturaldecline,”theAmericanauthorSelvinBrownwrote.“Nooneeversaidthatpoemswereevidenceofshortattentionspans.”(对注意力持续时间下降的担忧也不是什么新鲜事。到目前为止，焦虑被证明是虚惊一场。美国作家SelvinBrown写道：“相当多的评论家最近开始担心注意力持续时间，他们认为非常短的故事是文化衰落的标志。从来没有人说过诗歌是注意力持续时间短的证据。”)”可推知，作者对SelvinBrown的观点持赞成态度。故选A。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Anddigitalwritingismeantforrapidreleaseandresponse.Anonlinearticlestartsformingacommentstringunderneathassoonasitispublished.Thismodeofwritingandreadingcanbeinteractiveandfun.Butoftenittreatsotherpeople’swordsassomethingtobequicklyharvestedasfodd