HistoryofArt4之10教学讲解课件

UJMD2072

HistoryofArt&DesignIWEEK4AncientGreeceUJMD2072

HistoryofArt&DesiMap–AncientGreeceMap–AncientGreeceMap–GreeceTodayMap–GreeceTodayORIGINSHellenes(Greeksreferredthemselvesas)Originsunknown800BC–emergedandstartedoccupyingDORIANSIONIANSMainlandEasternmostmainland:AthensAegeanIslandsAnatolia–westcoast(presentdayTurkey)ORIGINSHellenesDORIANSIONIANSCULTUREStrongculturalidentitySeethemselvesasbeingculturedOutsiders/foreignersareconsideredas‘barbarian’(fromtheGreekwordbarbaros)or‘primitives’DevelopedtheGreekalphabetAdaptationofthePhoenicianlanguageEnglishterm“alphabet”comesfromthefirsttwoGreekletters–“alpha”&“beta”Foretellersofthefuture–Delphi(oracle)Inscription–stoneofDelphi–“Knowthyself”–emphasisonindividuality-HumanismMarkingoftimeOlympiads–fouryearperiods–startingwiththefirstOlympics(776BC)CULTUREStrongculturalidentitCULTURE-AlphabetRosettastone–oneoftheearlieststonecarvingofthealphabetTwolanguages–GreekandEgyptianCULTURE-AlphabetRosettastonCULTUREHUMANISMAphilosophyorattitudeconcernedwiththeinterests,achievement,andcapabilitiesofhumanbeingsOLYMPICSOnceevery4yearsGreekcoloniesstoptheirwarring–competeintheOlympicsAthletesandspectatorstraveledfromasfarawayasmodern-daySpain,theBlackSea,orEgypt.CULTUREHUMANISMOLYMPICSGOVERNMENT/PHILOSOPHY/SCIENCEGOVERNMENTConceptofDemocracy–kratos–“power”;demos–“people”PHILOSOPHYPlato(4thcenturyBC)–idealstate(inhisbooksRepublic&theLawsSocrates–SocraticmethodofdialogueSCIENCEPythagoreanschoolinSamos–“worldisround”Goldensection–mathematicalproportionsofconstructingbuildingsEuclid–geometryHippocrates–5thcenturydoctor–“HippocraticOath”GOVERNMENT/PHILOSOPHY/SCIEGEOMETRICperiodPeriod:c.900–700B.C,KnownastheGeometricperiodduetotheabstractgeometricpatternsandshapesappliedontothepotteryworkGEOMETRICperiodPeriod:c.900AtticHighGeometricamphora.Mid-8thcenturyB.C.TerraCotta,51cmhighMeandermotifs/patternsPotteryGeometricperiodCheckerboardmotifs/patternsTrianglemotifs/patternsDiamondmotifs/patternsPatternsencirclethevase–inhorizontalborders–reinforcingthecircularitymonochromaticGoats–bendoverontheirshouldersDeer-feedingHeron’s–foragingforfoodAtticHighGeometricamphora.Hydria;waterjarwiththreehandlesLekythos;aflaskforstoringandpouringoilKrater;awide-mouthedbowlformixingwineandwaterAmphora;atwohandledjarusedforgeneralstoragepurposes,usuallytoholdwine,water,oil(olive),honeyKylix;drinkingcupOenochoe;ajugforpouringwinePottery-shapesAdams,L.S.(1997).Ahistoryofwesternart.(2nded.).NewYork:TheMcGraw-Hillcompanies.pg.98.Hydria;waterjarwiththreehBlack-figurepainting/stylethesilhouetteofdarkfiguresagainstalightbackgroundofnatural,reddishclayThesilhouetteispaintedonterracottausingaslipmadeofclay&waterMoredetailsareaddedbyincisionwithasharptoolAfterthefiringprocess(3stages)–thepaintedareabecomesblackandtherestoftheotheraraesturnsreddish-orangeRed-figurepainting/stylethereverseoftheblack-figuretechnique–thebackgroundispainted(withsoftlightbrush)LooksmorenaturalisticPottery-TypesBlack-figurepainting/stylePDipylonVase,AtticGeometricAmphora,8thcenturyB.C.425/8”(108.3cm)highFuneralprocession–probablyofanimportantperson–whoisasoldier;maybeageneralWarriorwithspears;chariotsandhorsesareillustratedinanabstractformPotteryGeometricperiodDipylonVase,AtticGeometricARCHAICperiodPeriod:c.660–480B.C,ComesfromtheGreekword–archaios–meaning“old”InfluenceofEgyptiansculptingtechnique–adaptedtosuittheirneedsVisualform–evidentinmonumentalsculpturesARCHAICperiodPeriod:c.660–KourosFigure,GreekArchaic,c.600B.C.Marble.Height–6’11/2”KourosinGreekmeans“boy”(plural–Kourai)Visualcharacteristic:FrontalviewHands/armsatthesideLeftlegextendedforwardChest,Ribcage&shoulderblades–indicatedviatheuseofoutlineRoundedcappedkneesHair–parallellines–uniformshapes-stylizationStiffbutmovingtowardsnaturalismSCULPTURESARCHAICperiodKourosFigure,GreekArchaic,ARCHAICComparisonEGYPTIANKingMycerinusandwife,2548-2530B.C.E.ARCHAICComparisonEGYPTIANKingPeplosKoreorPeplophoros,c.530BCKoreinGreekmeans“boy”(plural–Korai)Visualcharacteristic:FrontalviewSmile–humancharacteristicFullyclothed–signofrespectability–womenaremostlymothers&homemakersHands/armsatthesideNotmuchlegextensionParallellinesontheskirtarea;rollsofcircularshapesasthehair-stylizationSCULPTURESARCHAICperiodPeplosKoreorPeplophoros,c.ItisbelievedthatsomeoftheKoraiarepaintedintheencausticmethodEncaustic–colourpigmentsheldtogetherbywax.UsedtoprotectthestonefromerosionSaidthatthistechniquewasinventedbyAristides&waslaterperfectedbyPraxitelesTherearenosurvivingsculptureswiththistechniqueapplied–onlyrecordsoftheuseofsuchatechniqueSCULPTURESARCHAICperiodItisbelievedthatsomeofthPainterKleitiasSeemstobetellingastorywiththisvaseAscenedepictingthemarriageofKingPeleustoTetis(aseanymph)ParentstoAchillesPOTTERYARCHAICperiodKleitias,FrancoisVase,AtticVoluteKrater,c.570B.C.Ceramic.26”high.PainterKleitiasPOTTERYARCHAICompetitionbetweentwoheroes–TrojanwarARCHAICperiodAndokidespainter,ArchillesandAjaxplayingadicegame(Atticbilingualamphora,fromorvieto,Italy,ca.525-520BCE.CompetitionbetweentwoheroesVisualCharacteristicStillfollowingthe(Archaic)conventionofdepictingthehumanform–stylizationontheface,hair,beardandartificialsmileHoweverthisismovingtowardsamorenaturalisticapproachProbablyasculpturedesignedtofitthepedimentoftheGreekarchitectureLateARCHAICperiodDying(Fallen)Warrior,EastpedimentoftheTempleofAphaiaatAegina,LateGreekArchaic,c.490-480B.C.Marble,approx73”long.VisualCharacteristicLateARCHHistoryofArt4之10教学讲解课件CLASSICALperiodPeriod:EarlyClassical-c.490–450B.C–sometimesalsoknownas“Severe”or“Transitional”5thcenturyClassicalStyle–c.450–400B.C.Lateclassical–400-300B.C.Characteristics:Artbasedonaclear,rationalandregularstructure.TheemphasisisonbalanceandproportionCLASSICALperiodPeriod:KritiosBoyfromAcropolis,Athens.c.480BCE.Marble,height46"(116cmMorenaturalistic–wavyhair;naturalexpression;lookslikemusclesandfleshovertheskeletalstructureratherthanstylizedlinesContrapposto–alsoknownas“weightshift”theweightofthebodytendstobethrowntoonefoot,creatingtensionononesideandrelaxationontheotherFree-StandingsculptureSCULPTUREEarlyCLASSICALperiodKritiosBoyfromAcropolis,AtEarlyCLASSICALComparisonARCHAICEarlyCLASSICALComparisonARCHAPOLYKLEITOS,Doryphoros(SpearBearer),c.450-440BCENaturalisticContrapposto

‘Idealized’form–representationofthingsaccordingtoapreconceptionofidealformortype–Perfecthumanform–e.g.theentirebodyisequalinheighttoeightheadsDepictsanathlete–godlikeimageSCULPTURE5thcenturyCLASSICALStylePOLYKLEITOS,Doryphoros(SpearMYRON,Diskobolos(DiscusThrower),ca.450BCE.DepictsanathleteduringtheOlympicgamesSCULPTURE5thcenturyCLASSICALStyleMYRON,Diskobolos(DiscusThroZeus(orPoseidon)fromtheseaoffCapeArtemision,Greece,ca.460-450B.C.E.Zeus(orPoseidon)fromtheseHermesandtheInfantDionysiusbyPraxiteles(?),ca.350–330B.CDepictsHermes(Messengergod);holdingDionysius(godofwine)S-shape/S-curve;KnownasthePraxitelescurveContourswrappedaroundanimaginaryaxisContrastbetween-roughtexturedhair&muscularbody(Hermes);smoothchubbysmoothskinofDionysiusSCULPTURELateCLASSICAL–400-300B.C.HermesandtheInfantDionysiuICTINOSandCALLICRATES,TheParthenonontheAcropolis,Athens,448-432B.C.5thcenturyCLASSICAL-ArchitectureICTINOSandCALLICRATES,ThePICTINOSandCALLICRATES,TheParthenonontheAcropolis,Athens,448-432B.C.5thcenturyCLASSICAL-ArchitectureICTINOSandCALLICRATES,TheP5thcenturyCLASSICAL-ArchitectureTheAcropoliscomesfromthewordakrosmeaning“upper”;polismeaning“city”Parthenosmeans“virgin”Parthenon–tributetotheAthenian’sdefeatofPersians(Persianwar480B.C.)Afterthedestruction–thetemplewasrebuilt–dedicatedtotheGoddessAthena(goddessofwarandwisdom)Saidtohousethe40feethighstatueoftheGoddessAthena;madeofgold&ivoryIllustrationoftheDoricorder5thcenturyCLASSICAL-Archit5thcenturyCLASSICAL-Architecture5thcenturyCLASSICAL-Archit5thcenturyCLASSICAL-ArchitecturePropylaea5thcenturyCLASSICAL-Archit5thcenturyCLASSICAL-ArchitectureTempleofAthenaNike5thcenturyCLASSICAL-Archit5thcenturyCLASSICAL-ArchitectureErechtheum/Erechtheion5thcenturyCLASSICAL-ArchitErechtheum/ErechtheionCaryatidsTheGreektermkaryatidesmeans"maidensofKaryai",Erechtheum/ErechtheionHELLENISTICPeriodPeriod:323-31B.C.FromthedeathofAlexandertheGreattotheriseoftheRomanEmpireThetermreferstothe“spreadoftheGreekculturebeyondGreece”(Adams,1997)Characteristics-emotional,dramaticandinteractionofsculpturalformswithsurroundingspaceHELLENISTICPeriodPeriod:323-WingedVictoryofSamothrace(Nike),ca.200B.C.Marble,8feet1inchhigh(2.46meters)Location:LouvreMuseum,Paris–FoundontheIslandofSamothrace.ProbablytocommemorateavictoryWind-blowneffect–clothesplasteredonthebodyDynamicmovementsuggestedSCULPTUREHELLENISTICPeriodWingedVictoryofSamothrace(TheDyingGaul,Hellenistic,240-200B.C.Romanmarblecopyafterabronzeoriginal.Life-size.ProbablytocommemoratethevictoryofthePergemese(fromPergamon)overtheGaulsKingAttulusIdefeatedtheinvadingGaulsin238B.C.Physicalattributes&accessoriesreflectedhere–torgues(neckbands)/bushyhair&mustachesHELLENISTICPeriodTheDyingGaul,Hellenistic,2AlexandrosofAntioch-on-theMeander,Aphrodite(Venus