EIA环境影响评价解读课件

EnvironmentalImpactAssessmentZHAOMeiZOUYajunEnvironmentalImpactAssessmen1

History

Improtance

EIAinChinaCaseAnalysisDefinationStepsHistory2DefinationofEIAAnenvironmentalimpactassessment(EIA)isanassessmentofthepossibleimpactsthataproposedprojectmayhaveontheenvironment,consistingoftheenvironmental,socialandeconomicaspects.DefinationofEIAAnenvironmen3PurposeofEIAThepurposeoftheassessmentistoensurethatdecisionmakersconsidertheenvironmentalimpactswhendecidingwhetherornottoproceedwithaproject.PurposeofEIAThepurposeoft4HistoryofEIAWiththeincreasingglobalenvironmentalawareness,environmentalimpactassessmentscommencedinthe1960s.IntheUnitedStates,environmentalimpactassessmentsfirstobtainedformalstatusin1969,when

theNationalEnvironmentalPolicyActwasreleased.HistoryofEIAWiththeincrea5HistoryofEIAFourstagesofthedevelopmentofEIAinChina:

TheFirstNationalEnvironmentalProtectionConference(第一届全国环境保护会议)washeldin1973,inwhichtheconceptofEIAwasfirstintroducedintoChina.Introductionand

EstablishmentStage1973~1979HistoryofEIAFourstagesoft6HistoryofEIAStandardandConstructionStage1979~1989EnvironmentalProtectionLawofthePeople''sRepublicofChina(forTrialImplementation)（中华人民共和国环境保护法（试行））wasreleasedin1979.《中华人民共和国环境保护法（试行）》规定：一切企业、事业单位的选址、设计、建设和生产，都必须注意防止对环境的污染和破坏。在进行新建、改建和扩建工程中，必须提出环境影响报告书，经环境保护主管部门和其他相关部门审查批准后才能进行设计。HistoryofEIAStandardandCo7HistoryofEIAPerfectionStage1989~1998EnvironmentalProtectionLawofthePeople''sRepublicofChinawasreleasedin1989."CleanProduction"and"PublicParticipation"wereaddedintotheEISduringthestage.

《中华人民共和国环境保护法》第十三条规定：“建设污染环境的项目，必须遵守国家有关建设项目环境管理的规定”。“建设项目的环境影响报告书，必须对建设项目产生的污染和对环境影响作出评价，规定防治措施，经项目主管部门预审，并依照规定的程序报环境保护行政主管部门批准。环境影响报告书经批准后，计划部门方可批准建设项目设计任务书”。HistoryofEIA《中华人民共和国环境保护法》第十8HistoryofEIAEnhanceandExpandationStage1999~present

In2004,theenvironmentalimpactassessmentengineersystemwassetup.HistoryofEIA9ThefirstEISinChinaThefirstEISinChina10StepsofEIAStepsofEIA11StepsofEIAPreparationStageStudyrelevantdocumentsCarryoutpreliminaryprojectanalysisandcurrentevironmentinvestigationSelectthekeyprojectdemandingassessmentDeterminetheassessmentgradeCompiletheworkoutlineStepsofEIAPreparationStage12StepsofEIA2.FormalWorkStageProjectanalysisCurrentenvironmentinvestigationEnvironmentalimpactpredictionEnvironmentalimpactassessmentStepsofEIA2.FormalWorkStag13StepsofEIA3.EISCompilationStageCompiletheEIS(EnvironmentalImpactStatement)withthestatisticsandinformationfromthesecondstageStepsofEIA3.EISCompilation14ImportanceofEIAEIAisamanagementtoolforplannersanddecisionmakerstoconsidertheenvironmentalandsocialimpactsofaproject.EIAwillhelpselectanddesignprojectswithlong-termviability(生存能力)andthereforeimprovecosteffectiveness.TheultimatetargetofEIAistofacilitatesustainabledevelopment,whichisgoodforbothoftheenvironmentalprotectionandthedevelopmentofprojects.

ImportanceofEIAEIAisamana15EIAinChinaInChina,environmentalimpactassessmentwasintroducedin1979undertheEnvironmentalProtectionLaw.Afterseveralyearsofimplementation,theEIAsysteminChinahasdevelopedintoaframework(框架)thatissuitableforitsuniqueconditions.EIAinChinaInChina,environm16EIAinChinaThestrengthsofChina'sEIAsystem1.SpecificstrengthswithEISsChina'sElSsdidreasonablywellinassessingtwomajorareas:materialsconsumedorproducedfromtheproject;predictionofimpactmagnitude.2.LegalpowersThecost-benefitanalysis(成本效益分析),thetotalquantitycontrolofpollutant

dischargesystemandcleanerproductionarethreestrong

meanstohelpthelicensedagenciesproducemoreeffective

EIA.EIAinChinaThestrengthsofC17EIAinChinaTheweaknessofChina'sEIAsystem1.PublicparticipationThereisnodoubtthatpublicparticipationisoneoftheweakestpartoftheEIAsysteminChina,boththelowpublicawarenessofenvironmentalprotectionandlimitedparticipationmechanismshaverestrictedpublicengagement.EIAinChinaTheweaknessofCh182.RelationshipsbetweentheEPBs(环保局)andlocalgovernmentInChina,somelocalgovernmentsemphasizedtoomuchon

economicdevelopment,whileoverlooked