【课件】Unit+3+Learning+about+Language+课件人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册

人教版（2019）选择性必修四Unit3SeaExplorationLearningAboutLanguageBuildupyourvocabularyLearningobjectivesBytheendofthissection,youwillbeableto:identifywordsbasedontheirmeaninginEnglish;graspsomephrases,includingtheirmeaningsandusages;usewordsandphrasesyouhavelearnedtocompleteapassage;learnaboutZac’sadventureandanalyzehisspirit.Retelltheessaywehavelearned.silkroadDuHuan’sRecordofMyTravelsZhengHe’svoyagestotheWesternseas21stCenturyMaritimeSilkroadreachoutacrosstheseafarCompletethepassageusingthewordsfromthetext.Therearemanyt____andlegendsabouthowseamenexploredtheoceansinthepast.Buthowmanyofthemarereliable?Thefactisthattheyneededmultiplewaystokeepsafeafters______sail.1.Usingnaturetohelpisthefirstandmostusefulformofexploration.ThisincludestheNorthStar,Sunandclouds.2.Usingtheweather.Experiencedcaptainscouldseetheb_______betweenweatheranddangers.Eithertheywithdrewthefleetsore________theirvoyage.3.Usingthesea.Skillfulsailorscouldusetidesandcurrentstocarryshipsbacktotheshoreorpassthroughnarrowc_________.Theseskillshelpedseamenexploretheseasanddiscoverednewlands.Theyneedednotonlytheinstrumentsbutalsocourageandluck.alesettingondsxtendedhannelsWritedownthewordthatmatcheseachdefinition.Thenfindthesentencescontainingthesewordsinthetext.taleroyalnegotiatewithdrawextendbondleaguechannelbondleagueextendedtalesUnderlineasmanyphrasesaspossibleintheessaywehaveread.formthefoundation“形成基础”findone’sway“找到出路”asighttobehold“壮观的景象”inreturn“作为回报”inhand“在手头；可供使用”reachoutacrossthesea“跨越海洋”Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformsofthephrasesinthebox.asighttobehold inhand withdrawfrom inreturn1.HenryNormanBethunedevotedhislifeandprofessiontohelpingpeoplewithoutexpectinganything

.2.LastsummerwevisitedanislandintheIndianOcean,whoserockycoastlineandlonggoldenbeacheswere

.3.Thetennisplayer

severaltournamentsduetoinjury.4.Withlotsoffoodanddrink

,theysetofffortheirpicnic.inreturnasighttobeholdwithdrewfrominhandCompletethepassagebelowwiththecorrectformsofthewordsinthebox.findone’sway

boredom

reachoutacrossthesea

setsail

formthefoundation

tale

motivateIn1519,FerdinandMagellan,aPortugueseadventurer,madethefirstvoyagearoundtheworld.On14June2008,nearly500yearslater,a16-year-oldAmericanboy,ZacSunderland,_________onasimilarjourney.After13months,hereturnedwithanewworldrecord:theyoungestpersonevertosailaroundtheworld.Zacgrewuponaboatandlearnthowtosailwhenhewasfour,which__________________ofhissuccess.Asachild,ZacreadabookaboutRobinLeeGrahamwhohadsailedaroundtheworldaloneasateenagerin1965.ZacwasgreatlyinspiredbyGraham’s_____.Afterhis16thbirthday,Zacstartedmakingplansforhisjourney.Usinghisownmoney,Zacboughtaboatandsetoff.________________________isoftenamixtureofdangerand________.Zachadto____________throughheavystormsandgetbyonlittlesleeponhisjourney.Itwasboringtostayonaboatallday,soZacreadlotsofbooks!Healsoemailedhisfamilyusinghislaptop,tellingthemabouthisexperiencesaroundtheworld.Whenthejourneyended,Zac’sadventurereceivedwidespreadmediacoverage.Athispressconference,hetalkedabouthowpassionandcouragemadehisdreamcometrue.Inhisopinion,there’ssomuchthatpeoplecanachievewiththeright__________andambition.Justgoforit!setsailformedthefoundationtaleReachingoutacrosstheseaboredomfindhiswaymotivationReadthepassageagain.Thenanswerthequestions.WhatproblemsdidZacmeetinhisjourney?WhatmadeZac’sjourneysuccessful?Comparedtothegreatvoyagesinhistory,isZac’svoyagemeaningful?Why?ReviewusefulstructuresLearningobjectivesBytheendofthissection,youwillbeableto:findexamplesofinfinitivesintheessayyouhavelearntandidentifythepurposeoftheiruse;reviewtheusageoftheinfinitive;useinfinitivestocompletesomeexercisesandunderstandthepurposeoftheiruse;useinfinitivestowriteanendingforTheLittleMermaid.Whatcananinfinitivefunctionas?Review.Lead-intheinfinitivePAsthepredicativeSAsthesubjectAdAstheadverbial

OAstheobjectAttrAstheattributiveOCAstheobjectcomplementWhataretheformsofinfinitives?Review.时态形式含义例句一般式主动：todo表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后。weagreetomeetatthecinema.被动：tobedoneThepatientaskedtobeoperatedonatonce.完成式主动：tohavedone表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。Ihappenedtohaveseenthefilm.被动：tohavebeendoneHeispleasedtohavebeenpraised.进行式tobedoing表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生。Hepretendedtobesleeping.Findallthesentencescontaininginfinitivesinthereadingpassage.Thenmarktheirfunctions.PresentationSOCAdPOAttrSAttrAttrAttrOAttrAdAttrOCJointhewordstomakesentencesusinginfinitives.Thendecidethefunctionofeachinfinitive.1.Heencouragedmetoparticipateinthesurfingcompetition.2.Thestormseemstobegettingcloser.3.Magellanwasthefirstpersontosailaroundtheworld.4.TheUNpeacekeepingforceaimstomaintainpeaceandpreventarmedconflicts.5.Thecrowdstoodtoapplaudscientistsfortheirimportantoceanresearchwork.6.Itisagoodideatotaxplasticbottlessothatpeopleusethemless.7.TheJiaolongmannedsubmersibleissaidtobeableto

reach7kmunderwater.8.Itremainstobeseenwhetherornothiscapsulecanwork.(OC)(P)(Attr)(O)(Ad)(Attr)(O;O)(O)Infinitivesasthesubject一、动词不定式（短语）作主语的主谓一致原则1.单个动词不定式（短语）作主语，谓语用单数。ToimproveEnglish

isthemosturgentthingformenow.

提高英语对现在的我而言是最紧急的事。2.两个或两个以上的动词不定式（短语）作主语，若语义一致或基本一致，或动词不定式（短语）作为一个整体，谓语用单数。Toloveandtobeloved

issweettous.

爱与被爱对我们来说都是甜蜜的。3.两个或两个以上的动词不定式（短语）作主语，若语义不一致，谓语用复数。Toimprovepeople’slivesandtospeedupsocialconstruction

aretwoimportanttasks.

改善人们的生活和加快社会建设是两项重要任务。二、

动词不定式（短语）作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语

1.Itis+形容词（+forsb.）+todosth.Itiseasyformetolearnhowtodrive.

学会如何开车对我而言很容易。2.Itis+形容词（+ofsb.）+todosth.Itiscleverofhimtoleavethatcompany.

他很聪明，离开了那家公司。3.Itis+名词（apleasure/apity/anhonor...）+todosth.It’sourdutytotakecareoftheold.

照顾老人是我们的责任。4.Ittakes/tooksb.+sometime+todosth.Ittakesmeanhourtodohomeworkeveryday.

我每天花一个小时写作业。Infinitivesastheobject用法1.不定式短语作宾语时，往往放在下列动词（短语）之后：afford,decide/determine,learn,want/expect/hope/wish,refuse,manage,pretend,offer,promise,choose,plan,agree,ask/beg,fail,happen,strive,threaten,wouldlike等。Hehaspromised

totakecareofthematteronhisown.

他已经答应自己处理这件事。Iamexpectingtosharetheexperiencewithyourightnow.

我期待着现在就和你分享这段经历。2.在某些动词，如find,think,consider,feel,make,believe后，常用it作形式宾语，构成“find/think...+it+adj./n.+todosth.”结构。Ifinditchallengingto

fit

inwiththeteam.

我觉得融入这个团队很有挑战性。Wethinkitourdutytoprotect

theenvironment.

我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。注意：下列动词或词组既可以接动词不定式作宾语，也可以接动名词作宾语，但意义上有区别forget/remembertodosth.

忘记/记得去做某事

forget/rememberdoingsth.

忘记/记得做了某事regrettodosth.

对要做某事感到遗憾

regretdoingsth.

后悔做了某事trytodosth.

努力去做某事

trydoingsth.

尝试做某事meantodosth.

打算做某事

meandoingsth.

意味着做某事stoptodosth.

停下来去做某事

stopdoingsth.

停止正在或经常做的事goontodosth.

接着做另一件事

goondoingsth.

继续做某事3.固定结构do/have/其他动词+sth.+but/except(to)dosth.中的不定式用法。此结构要遵循“前有实义动词do，but后则无to，反之则有to”的原则。Shehadnochoicebuttofacetheembarrassment.

她别无选择，只能面对尴尬。Thetwobrothersdid

nothingbutblameeachother.

这两兄弟除了互相指责外，什么也没做。Infinitivesastheobjectcomplement用法1.在某些动词后都可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语，如ask,want,expect,invite,beg,encourage,order,

warn,remind,prefer,get,force,allow,permit,forbid,persuade,cause,advise,teach,waitfor,callon,

dependon等。Pleaseremindmetoattendthemeetingontime.

请提醒我准时参加会议。2.下列动词（短语）接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语：一感（feel），二听（hear,listento），三使（let,have,make），四看（see,notice,observe,watch），半帮助（help），但在变为被动语态时需加to。Thethiefwasobserved

toenterthebank.

有人看见小偷进了银行。3.with+宾语+宾补的复合结构中。Withmanyproblemstosettle,weshouldholdanothermeeting.

有许多问题要解决，我们应该再开一次会。Infinitivesasthepredicative一、

结构：主语+am/is/are/was/were+不定式Thepurposeofeducationistodevelopafinepersonalityinchildren.

教育的目的是培养儿童良好的性格。二、表意功能及主要用法1.当句子的主语是不定式时，系动词后可接不定式作表语，用于解释主语所描述的行为或说明该行为带来的结果。类似用法还包括一些格言警句：Toaskhimsuchquestionsistoirritatehim.

问他这样的问题会激怒他。Toseeistobelieve.

眼见为实。2.当不定式作表语时，能够担当句子主语的名词比较有限，它们大多用于表示某种情形或状况，如advice,aim,ambition,custom,business,desire,difficulty,duty,experience,habit,happiness,hope,idea,intention,job,method,plan,principle,problem,purpose,reason,risk,role,task,thing,wish等。Myambitionistobecomeascientist.

我的理想是成为一名科学家。3.不定式结构作remain的表语：remaintobedone“有待于被做”。Therearesomanythingsremaining

tobedone.有许多事情要做。4.有时，根据表达的需要，在作表语的不定式前，还可添加疑问代词或疑问副词，包括what,who,how,when,where等。Theproblemwashow

tobegin.问题是如何开始。5.当主语包含定语从句且其先行词为代词all或形容词最高级形式theleast、themost时，后可接“系动词+不定式”作句子的表语。Allhewantedwastobeleftalone.他只想一个人待着。TheleastIcanexpectistohavethisdayalltomyself.至少我能期待这一天只属于自己。6.当不定式作表语时，句子的主语还可以是what引导的主语从句。WhatIwanttodonowis(to)havearest.我现在只想休息。7.省略to的用法（1）all作主句主语，其后的定语从句含有实义动词do的某种形式时。Allweneedtodoisliveeachdaywithhope.我们所需要做的就是带着希望生活每一天。（2）what引导的从句作主语，从句中含有实义动词do的某种形式时。WhatIwanttodoistakeaholidayrightaway.我想马上去度假。（3）（主句）主语被only,first,one,last或形容词最高级修饰，且其后作定语的从句或短语中含有实义动词do的某种形式时。Intheeveningtheonlythinghedidwasreadthenewspaper.晚上，他唯一做的事就是看报纸。Infinitivesastheattribute一、

位置：动词不定式作定语，一般位于所修饰词的后面，可扩展为一个定语从句。Wearelookingforanapartmenttolivein.=Wearelookingforanapartmentthatwecanlivein.

我们正在找一个可以居住的公寓。二、用法1.动词不定式作定语可表示还未发生的动作。Alltheteacherstoattendtheopeningceremonytomorrowshouldweartheuniforms.

明天将要出席开幕式的所有老师都应该穿制服。Thecompetitiontobeheldnextyearwillsurelyattractmanyinternationaltourists.

明年要举行的比赛肯定会吸引许多国际游客。2.序数词、形容词最高级和thelast/theonly/thenext等词语后或被这些词修饰的名词后常用动词不定式作定语。ThenexttraintoarrivewasfromNewYork.

下一趟抵达的火车是从纽约开来的。Heisalwaysthefirst

tocomeandthelast

toleave.

他总是第一个来，最后一个离开。3.抽象名词ability,chance,opportunity,way,right(权利),courage,decision,hope,wish等后常用动词不

定式作定语。Thankstoyourencouragement,Ifinallygotthecourage

tofacethechallenge.

多亏了你的鼓励，我最终有了迎接挑战的勇气。Startinganewschooltermisalwaysexciting.Itisagoodchance

toseeyourfriendsagain.开始一个新学期总是很令人兴奋，这是一个再次见到你朋友们的好机会。4.something,nothing,anything等不定代词后常用动词不定式作定语。Wehavenothing

tofearbutfearitself.

人最害怕的就是害怕本身。5.在therebe句型中，作主语的名词后可接动词不定式作定语，被修饰的中心词是不定式的逻辑宾语时，不定式用主动式或被动式均可。Thereisnothingtoworry

about/tobeworriedabout.

没什么可担心的。注意：在therebe句型中，如果动词不定式有逻辑主语，则动词不定式只能用主动形式。三、构成动词不定式的动词与被修饰词之间的关系1.主谓关系：主谓关系指的是被修饰词是构成动词不定式的动词的逻辑主语。此时的动词不定式在意义上相当于一个定语从句。Weneedsomeonetohelpwiththework.=Weneedsomeonethatcanhelpwiththework.

我们需要有人来帮忙做这项工作。2.动宾关系：动宾关系指的是被修饰词是构成动词不定式的动词的逻辑宾语，所以作定语的不定式不能带宾语。Doyouhaveanythingtosend?

你有什么东西要寄吗？3.同位关系：同位关系指的是不定式对所修饰的名词的内容起解释、说明作用。这类被修饰词有两类，一种是由动词派生出来的抽象名词，如plan,decision等，另一种是如campaign,evidence,opportunity,position,power,project,reason,right等的抽象名词。Myplan

togoabroadhasfailed.

我出国的计划没能实现。Wedon’thaveenoughevidence

toprovethathewaswrong.

我们没有充足的证据来证明他是错的。Infinitivesastheadverbial功能例句表示目的，可以放在句末，也可以放在句首。目的状语还可用inorderto或soasto。Heworkeddayandnighttogetthemoney.表示结果，往往是与预期愿望相反的结果，常放在never,only等词后。结果状语还可用so…asto…,such…asto…,enoughto…,too…to…,onlyto…等结构来表示。

Hehurriedtothestationonlytofind

thetrainhadgone.表示原因，常放在形容词后面。不定式在作表语/补语的形容词后面作状语，用主动形式表被动意思。

Theywereverysadtohear

thenews.表示程度，常用结构是too...to...,enoughto...。

It’stoodarkforustosee

anything.5.

作独立成分。有些不定式短语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：Totellyouthetruth…（说实话），Tomakealongstoryshort（长话短说），Tomakemattersworse/Tomakethingsworse（更糟糕的是），Tosumup/Toconclude（总而言之）。Totellyouthetruth,Idon’tlikethewayhetalked.Completethedialogueswiththecorrectformsofthewordsinbrackets.Practice1.A:Willyourparentsbebackfromtheirholidaytomorrow?B:No,theydecided_________(extend)theirtrip.2.A:Haveyougotthetestresultonthenewmedicine?B:Yes,ithasproved______(be)somewhateffective,butfurthertestingremains__________(do).3.A:Wow!Ididn’texpectPete______(be)suchagoodswimmer!B:_____________(spend)thepastsummerpractisingalmosteveryday,heisnowable_________(swim)muchfasterthanbefore.4.A:Whathappened?Youweresupposed___________________(be)inBeijingbynow!B:Ioversleptandrushedtotheairport,only________(find)thatthecheck-incounterhadclosed.5.A:Whichseasondoyoulikemost?B:Winter.Becausethecitylooksverybeautifulwhen________(cover)withsnow.6.A:Whoisconsidered_______(be)thefatherofthecomputer:CharlesBabbage,AlanTuring,JohnVincentAtanasoff,orJohnvonNeumann?B:Well,theyareallbelieved_____________(make)importantcontributionstocomputerscience.toextendtobetobedonetobeHavingspenttoswimtohavebeen(tobe)tofindcoveredtobetohavemadeWorkbookTellthefunctionoftheinfinitiveineachsentence.ThentranslatethemintoChinese.1.Tobeornottobe,thatisthequestion.2.It

isbettertogivethantotake.3.You’renevertoooldtolearn.4.Toknoweverythingistoknownothing.5.Tosavetimeistolengthenlife.生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题。(S)施比受有福。(Ad;Ad)活到老学到老。什么都知道等于什么都不知道。节约时间就是延长生命。(Ad)(S;P)(S;P)WorkbookReadthebeginningofTheLittleMermaidandusetheproperformsoftheverbsinbracketstofillintheblanks.Whatdoyouthinkhappensnext?Faroutintheocean,wherethewaterisasclearasglass,livestheSeaKing.Theoceanistoodeep___________(measure).Wemayimaginethereisnothingexceptyellowsandunderthesea,butactuallyitisnotrare______(see)themostuniqueflowersandplants________(dance)inthefast-movingwater.InthedeepestspotofallstandstheSeaKing’scastle,whichhaswallsofcoralandaroof_______(form)ofbeautifulshells.Themotheroftheking,awisewomanwhoisproud_____________(be)bornintotheroyalfamily,takescareofhissixdaughters.Amongthesixsea-princesses,theyoungestistheprettiest.Althoughshehasdelicateskinlikearose-leafandeyesasblueasthe

toseetomeasuredancingdeepestsea,shehasnofeetbutafishtailjustlikehersisters.Themostcommonwayfortheprincesses_______(play)alldaylongis__________________(swim)inthehallsofthecastleoramongtheflowersgrowingoutofthewalls,feedingandtouchingthefish___________(swim)uptotheirhandsthroughthewindows.Theyseem___________(notworry)aboutanything,exceptfortheyoungest,who...tohavebeenformedtoplayswimming/toswimswimmingnottoworryReadagainanddiscussthefollowingquestions.WhatistheSeaKing’scastlelike?WhatisthelifelikeintheSeaKing’scastle?Whatisthemostcommonwayforprincessestoplay?YoumayallknowtheendingofTheLittleMermaid.

Pleasewriteatotallydifferentonenow.

Forexample,whatifthemermaidmetabiologyscientistoradeep-seasubmersiblecalledJiaolong?Whathelpwillsheget?Completethenewsreportbelowwiththeappropriateformsoftheverbsinbrackets.WhatelsedoyouknowaboutJiaolong?WorkbookNamedafteramythicaldragon,JiaolongisChina’sfirstmanneddeep-searesearchsubmersible.ItwasdevelopedbyChinesedesigners_________(start)from2002andenteredservicein2010,________(make)Chinathefifthcountryintheworldwithdeep-seaexplorationtechnology.In2017,duringa138-dayexpeditionthat_______(start)inFebruary,thesubmersible’smothership,Xiangyanghong

09sailednearly34,000kmintotheSouthChinaSea,thenorthwesternIndianOcean,andthenorthwesternPacificOcean.Jiaolongconducted30dives_________(make)scientificinvestigationsand(collect)__________samples.ThesubmersiblemadefivedivesintheMarianaTrenchandtheYapTrench,bothinthewesternPacificOcean.Theseoperationshaveenabledscientists_____________________(betterunderstand)geographicalandbiologicalconditionsdeepundertheoceans.Rightnow,Jiaolongisundergoingmaintenancebefore________(start)itsnextadventure.In2020,Jiaolongwillbeginitsfirstglobaldeep-seascientificexplorationmission.Itwillhaveanewmothership,whichis_________(name)DeepSeaNo.1.Thisgrandmissionisintended_____________(strengthen)China’scapacityin__________(survey)deep-seaenvironmentsandwillincreasethenation’sinfluenceinthisfield.startingmakingstartedmakingcollectingtobetterunderstandstartingnamedtostrengthensurveyingWordsandExpressions

HenryNormanBethunedevotedhislifeandpro