2023年研究生类研究生入学考试专业课英语专业英美文学题库

2023年研究生类研究生入学考试专业课英语专业英美文学题库卷I一.历年考点试题黑钻版(共50题)1.Inrecentdecades,theIrisheconomyhasbeentransformedfrombeing______andhavinga______tooneincreasinglybasedon______aswellason______andpharmaceuticalindustries.2.Whatisnowinthewomen'sliberationmovementinAmerica?Whatdoyouknowaboutit?3.JosephConrad,bornofPolishparentage,isseenasatransitionalfigureinthehistoryofEnglishliteratureforhisworksbridgetwophasesoftheEnglishnovel.Withhismostfamouswork______,hebringstheEnglishnovelontoitsmoderniststage.4.About______ofthepopulationlivewithinafewhundredkilometersoftheCanadian-Americanborder.A.50%B.60%C.70%D.90%5.WhyissportthoughtofasareligioninAustralia?6.Author______Title______

Hismother'shandtouchedhisshoulder.

"Doeshithurt?"shesaid.

"Naw,"hesaid."Hitdon'thurt.Lemmebe."7.In1965,CanadaandAmericasignedthe______toensurefreertradeincars,whichwouldbenefitbothsides.8.TheDefenceofPoesy9.GothicRomance10.TheBritishPrimeMinisterfromtheConservativePartywhowasalsoknownasthe"IronLady"was______.11.______isapaganpoemwhichportraitsapanoramicpictureifthetribalsocietyinBritishIsland.A.TheLegendsofKingArthurB.BeowulfC.TheTallTalesD.TheCanterburyTales12.WhatisthemeaningofWASP?WhatvaluesareWASPsassociatedwith?13.theKuKluxKlan14.Intheearly1970s,theIRA______.A.killedmanyProtestantsandCatholicsB.burneddownthehousesofCatholicsC.murderedindividualsatrandomD.attackedthesecurityforcesastheirmaintarget15.WhatroledidAbrahamLincoln,BookerT.Washington,MalcolmX,andMartinLutherKing,Jr.playinimprovingthestatusoftheAfrican-Americans?16.WhatdidtheCanadianfederalgovernmentledbyPierreElliottTrudeaudotodirecttheeconomy?17.EliWhitney18.TheMagnaCartaiscalledthecornerstoneofmodemEnglishconstitutionalmonarchyinthatitputlimitsonautocraticbehavioroftheKings.19.Acentralconceptof______isthatindividualpeopleown,andareobligedtouseandexploitthelandforthegreatergloryoftheirGod.20.WhyisGatsby,theprotagonistinF.ScottFitzgerald'snovelTheGreatGatsby,called"thegreat"?21.RalphWaldoEmerson's______isregardedasthe"DeclarationofIntellectualIndependence".A.NatureB.TheConductofLifeC.RepresentativeMenD.TheAmericanScholar22.WhichofthefollowingstatementscannotbeusedtodescribeuniversitiesinBritain?______A.Alluniversitiesareprivateinstitutions.B.AllstudentshavegothighmarksinA-levels.C.Theyhavetheirowngoverningcouncils.D.Theynowderivenearlyalloftheirfundsfromstategrants.23.Theproposalof"artforart'ssake"isgivenby______.A.OscarWildeB.HenryJamesC.HenryFieldingD.CharlesDickens24.In______,commonsenseandmoralproprietytooktheplaceoftheprincipleofRomanticismandbecamethepredominantpreoccupationinliteraryworks.A.RenaissanceB.theElizabethanperiodC.thegildedageD.theVictorianperiod25.Thefirstwrittenconstitution,______,waswrittenin1777,andwasinforcein______.26.thephilosophybehindtheAmericanRevolution27.TheeconomyofIrelandhasbeenboominginrecentyearsandthusithasbecomethe"______".28.ParliamentinBritain,strictlyspeaking,consistsofthreeelements:______,______,______.29.AnalyzethecharacterofWillyLomaninDeathofaSalesmanbyArthurMiller.30.TheCelticTiger31.The______isaboutapeoplebeingatonewiththecountrywhichmeansthatpeopledonotowntheland,butthelandownsthepeoplewhohaveresponsibilitiesofguardianshiptowardsit.32.WhichofthefollowingwasthemanwhocrushedvariousrebellionsinIrelandandsettledEnglishandScottishProtestantstherebygivingthemland?______A.OliverCromwell.B.KingCharlesⅠ.C.WilliamⅠ.D.WilliamⅢ.33.EssayonCriticism34.JackLondonisafamousAmericannovelistandhisbestnovelsare______,WhiteFang,TheSeaWolf,andMartinEden.Hecommittedsuicidein1916becauseof______.35.ThefirstpermanentEnglishsettlementinNorthAmericawasestablishedat______.A.JamestownB.NewYorkC.BostonD.Concord36.EnglishRomanticism37.ThecurrentAustralianGovernmenthasaMandatoryRenewableEnergyTargettoincreasethatlevelto______by2020.38.Whichofthefollowingisnotcorrect?______A.TheQueenholdsmeetingsofthePrivyCouncil.B.TheQueenreceivesreportsofCabinetmeetingsinherweeklysessionswiththePrimeMinister.C.TheQueenmusttakesideswhenadisputearisesintheCabinet.D.TheQueenisinformedof,andconsultedoneveryaspectofnationallife.39.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaninventor?______A.EliWhitney.B.AlexanderBell.C.RobertFulton.D.CharlesLindbergh.40.AustraliawasessentiallyunknownintheWestuntilthe______century.A.15thB.16thC.17thD.18th41.WhichpartoftheUSresemblesoldEnglandinmanyways?______A.TheSouth.B.NewEngland.C.TheWest.D.Mid-Atlanticstates.42."Theconflictcreatedwhenthewillofanindividualopposesthewillofthemajorityisrecurringthemeofmanynovelsplays,andessays."Fromanovelorplayofrecognizedliterarymerit,selectafictionalcharacterwhoisinoppositiontohisorhersociety,andanalyzetheconflict.43.FourQuartetswaswrittenby______.A.D.H.LawrenceB.T.S.EliotC.WilliamButlerYeatsD.RobertBurns44.Aftermorethanadecadeofdiscussion,planning,campaigning,politickingandbickering,sixofGreatBritain'scoloniesin______unitedasanationwhenthe______ofAustraliawasofficiallyinauguratedonJanuary1,1901.45.ShadowCabinet46.NorthernIreland,alsoknownas______,hasapopulationofoneandahalfmillion.Aboutonethirdofthemare______whoarenotgladtoseetheunificationwithGreatBritaindominatedbyProtestantism.TheCatholicextremistsorganizedthe______tocontinuetheirstruggle.47.Author______Title______

Itdidn'tstartoutthatway.TheminuteIwalkedinandtheBigBozointroducedus,Igotsicktomystomach.Itwasonethingtobetakenoutofyourownbedearlyinthemorning—itwassomethingelsetobestuckinastrangeplacewithagirlfromawholeotherrace.48.UndertheEnglishcolonialpolicy,manyIrishpeoplelosttheiroriginallanguageandneverregained.Butuntilthemid-19thcentury,Irishwasstillspokenwidelybythe______classes.A.peasantB.middleC.professionalD.upper49.TheprincipalauthorofDeclarationofIndependencewas______.A.JohnAdamsB.BenjaminFranklinC.ThomasPainD.ThomasJefferson50.______isregardedasonerepresentativeofcontemporaryCanadawithitsemphasison"multiculturalism"andtheideaofrespectingthedifferencebetweenpeoples,races,regions,sexes,andgenerationsisapowerfulthemeofherwork.卷I参考答案一.历年考点试题黑钻版1.参考答案：agrarian；traditionalmanufacturingbase；theinternationallytradedservices；hitech[解析]近几十年，爱尔兰经济迅速发展，已经从一个以农业和传统制造业为主的国家发展为以高科技、制药工业和国际贸易为基础的经济体。2.参考答案：NowreferstoNationalOrganizationforWomeninthewomen'sliberationmovementinAmerica.Whilethemembershipofitwasmostlywhite,married,andmiddleclass,ayoungerandfarmoreradicalsectorofwomencreatedsmall"consciousness-raising"groupsineverycommunityinwhichtheywereactive.Thesegroupssoughttobindwomentogetherinanewideologicalvisionofhowtheirlivescouldberemadeoutsideoftraditionalgenderroles.Manyoftheseyoungwomen,alsotheproductofwhite,middle-classhomes,hadbeenactiveinorganizingcivilrightscampaignsintheSouth.AstheywerenotablymoreradicalthantheirsistersinNOW,therewereoftenargumentsabouttacticsandgoals.But,aswehaveseen,suchargumentsaretheengineofsocialchangeinAmerica.Thus,betweenthem,thesedifferentbranchesofthewomen'smovementhelpedtobringaboutmassivechangeinattitudestowardtheroleofwomeninAmericansociety.3.参考答案：HeartofDarkness[解析]约瑟夫·康拉德(JosephConrad)，1857-1924，波兰裔英国小说家，英国文学过渡时期的代表人物。《黑暗的中心》(1902年)是他最负盛誉的小说。4.参考答案：D[解析]约90%的人口生活在距离加美边境只有几百公里的范围之内。5.参考答案：InAustraliatodaysportplayssuchadominantroleinculturethatitseemstohavedevelopedallthefeaturesandfunctionsofareligion.SportislikeProtestantism:ithasmanyvariants.Althoughtheprincipalgamesareusuallyaformoffootballorsoccer,othergamesandsports—cricket,hockey,basketballandevenbeachvolleyball—havetheirfollowers.SportsfiguresarecalledheroesinAustralia.Footballers,cricketersandOlympicchampionsareatthetopofcelebritylistswiththeirsportingandpersonallivesexposedinthemediainjudgmentaldetail.Theindividualhonoredas"TheAustralianoftheYear"isoftenasuccessfulsportinghero.Allmajorpoliticiansmakeapointofpubliclydeclaringtheircommitmentto,andofwearingthecolorsof,theirchosenteam.6.参考答案：WilliamFaulkner,BarnBurning.[解析]《烧马棚》(BarnBurning)是福克纳的短篇小说，讲述了美国内战后南方白人农民阿伯纳一家的生活经历。注意文中的黑人英语。7.参考答案：AutoPact[解析]1965年，加美签署汽车协定，确保两国之间更为自由的汽车贸易，这对双方都有利处，为它们以后签订《自由贸易协定》铺平了道路。8.参考答案：AnessaywrittenbyPhilipSidney.9.参考答案：Gothicromance,typeofnovelthatflourishedinthelate18thandearly19thcenturyinEngland.Gothicromancesweremysteries,ofteninvolvingthesupernaturalandheavilytingedwithhorror,andtheywereusuallysetagainstdarkbackgroundsofmedievalruinsandhauntedcastles.CharlotteBrontë'sJaneEyreandDaphneduMaurier'sRebeccaareworksofthekind.10.参考答案：MargaretThatcher[解析]撒切尔夫人是英国保守党第一位女领袖，也是英国历史上第一位女首相，而且是创造了蝉联三届，任期长达11年之久记录的女首相。她以其意志刚强，作风果断，不屈不挠，对苏联强硬而获得“铁娘子”之称。11.参考答案：B[解析]《贝奥武夫》是完成于西元八世纪，约750年左右的英雄叙事长诗，长达3000行。故事的舞台位于北欧的斯堪的纳维亚半岛。是以古英语记载的传说中最古老的一篇，在语言学方面也是相当珍贵的文献。12.参考答案：WASPreferstoWhiteAnglo-SaxonProtestants.InWASP,WmeanswhitebecauseAfricanAmericans,thoughtheybeganarrivingearlyinthe17thcentury,weresystematicallyoppressed.ASstandsforAnglo-SaxonbecausealltheimmigrantscomingfromSouthernandEasternEuropewereconsideredinferiorbydefinition,andPstandsforProtestant.

IntheDeclarationofDependenceitsays,"life,liberty,andthepursuitofhappiness."Thesetraditionalvaluesfedintothe"AmericanDream"thatinspiredsomanyimmigrants:hardworkwithconfidenceofsuccess,self-reliancepairedwithtrustinGod.13.参考答案：AftertheCivilWar,somesouthernwhitesformedtheKuKluxKlan.Itwasaviolentsecretsocietythathopedtoprotectwhiteinterestsandadvantagesbyterrorizingtheblacksandpreventingthemfrommakingsocialadvances.By1872,thefederalgovernmenthadsuppressedtheKuKluxKlan;however,itrevivedseveraltimesinlaterhistory.14.参考答案：D[解析]IRA，即IrishRepublicanArmy，爱尔兰共和军。1969年IRA分成正统派和临时派，后者成为主要力量，其思想极左，进行爆炸、暗杀等暴力活动，攻击目标主要是安全部门和军界人物和机构。15.参考答案：AsanoutspokenopponentoftheexpansionofslaveryintheUnitedStates,LincolnwontheRepublicanPartynominationin1860andwaselectedpresidentlaterthatyear.Afterthecivilwarbegan,LincolnissuedtheEmancipationProclamationonJanuary1,1863towinmoresupportathomeandabroad.ItgrantedfreedomtoallslavesinareasstillcontrolledbytheConfederacy,whichpromotedthepassageoftheThirteenthAmendmenttotheConstitution,endingslaveryintheUnitedStates.

WashingtonreceivednationalprominenceforhisAtlantaAddressof1895,attractingtheattentionofpoliticiansandthepublicasapopularspokespersonforAfricanAmericancitizens.Washingtonplayedadominantroleinblackpolitics,winningwidesupportintheblackcommunityandamongmoreliberalwhites(especiallyrichnorthernwhites).Washingtonbuiltanationwidenetworkofsupportersinmanyblackcommunities,withblackministers,educators,andbusinessmencomposinghiscoresupporters.Washington'seffortsincludedcooperatingwithwhitepeopleandenlistingthesupportofwealthyphilanthropists,whichhelpedraisefundstoestablishandoperatethousandsofsmallcommunityschoolsandinstitutionsofhighereducationforthebettermentofblacksthroughouttheSouth,workwhichcontinuedformanyyearsafterhisdeath.

MalcolmXwasanAfrican-AmericanMuslimminister,publicspeaker,andhumanrightsactivist.Tohisadmirers,hewasacourageousadvocatefortherightsofAfricanAmericans,amanwhoindictedwhiteAmericaintheharshesttermsforitscrimesagainstblackAmericans.Hisdetractorsaccusedhimofpreachingracism,blacksupremacy,andviolence.HehasbeendescribedasoneofthegreatestandmostinfluentialAfricanAmericansinhistory.

MartinLutherKing,Jr.becameacivilrightsactivistearlyinhiscareer.Heledthe1955MontgomeryBusBoycottandhelpedfoundtheSouthernChristianLeadershipConferencein1957,servingasitsfirstpresident.King'seffortsledtothe1963MarchonWashington,whereKingdeliveredhis"IHaveaDream"speech.There,heraisedpublicconsciousnessofthecivilrightsmovementandestablishedhimselfasoneofthegreatestoratorsinU.S.history.In1964,KingbecametheyoungestpersontoreceivetheNobelPeacePrizeforhisworktoendracialsegregationandracialdiscriminationthroughcivildisobedienceandothernon-violentmeans.

Therefore,thesefourgreatmenallplayedquiteimportantroleinimprovingthestatusofAfrican-AmericansinAmerica.16.参考答案：AfterTrudeaucametopowerin1968,thefederalgovernmentusedtheideaofafloatingexchangerateeffectively,imposedexporttaxonshipmentstotheUS,andexploreda"ThirdOption"ofdevelopingstrongertradingrelationswithJapanandEurope,whichhelpedCanadaweathertherecessionof1974to1975.In1980,thegovernmentbroughtintheNationalEnergyPolicytoseizecontroloftheenergyindustry,whichangeredresource-richwesterngovernments.AsCanadabegantoembracetheprinciplesoffreetradeandofallowingthemarket-placetomanagetheeconomy,suchgovernmentinterventionismwasdrawingtoaclose.17.参考答案：EliWhitney(1765—1825)wasaUSinventor,manufacturerandmechanicalengineerwhoinventedthemechanicalcottongininGeorgiain1793,thusbroughtrevolutionarychangestocottontrade.18.参考答案：A[解析]TheMagnaCarta大宪章，又名GreatCharter，是约翰王在1215年被迫签署的；其目的是限制国王的绝对权力；大宪章是英国君主立宪的第一步。19.参考答案：Protestantism[解析]新教主义的中心理念是个人拥有土地，并有义务利用开发土地来为他们信仰的上帝赢得更大的荣耀。20.参考答案：ThetitleofthebookTheGreatGatsbycomesfromthecharacterNickCarawayinthestoryandisinreferencetothecharacter"JayGatsby".

Gatsbyis"great"becausehemanagestolivealifeofhappinessandoptimismsimplybyconvincinghimselfthatlifeisfullofhopeandgoodnessandbyignoringthecorruptionanddarknessintheworldaroundhim.Thismakeshimgreatbecausefewpeopleareabletoignorethebadthingsinlifeandfocusonlythegood.

F.ScottFitzgeraldmeanttomakethetitleironicbecausealthoughGatsbyisgreatheisalsofakeandimpossible.Thecharactercalled"JayGatz"changedhisnameto"JayGatsby"inordertomakehimselftheperfectpersonaforthewomanheloved(Daisy).Whenhechangedhisnamehemadehimselffrombeinganordinarypersonintothisalmostsuper-humanbundleofoptimismandhopewhostrivesforperfectionineverything.Becauseofthishestartedtobelievehisownliesandcouldn'tenvisionawaythatDaisywouldbeabletorejecthim(totheextentthatheblanksoutthefactthatshe'smarried!).UltimatelythismeansthatwhenDaisydoesrejecthimthecharacterof"JayGatsby"fallsapartandonlyJayGatzisleft.Hethensymbolicallydiestoshowthatafterthecreationof"JayGatsby","JayGatz"cannolongersurviveintherealworld.

Inotherwords,Gatsbyisgreatbecauseheislargerthanlifeinhisoptimism.Thisisironicbecauseitisthisoptimismthatultimatelykillshim.[解析]本题考查《了不起的盖茨比》中“了不起”的含义。这里既暗指盖茨比的美国梦精神也含有了作者的反讽。21.参考答案：D[解析]爱默生的著名演讲《美国学者》(TheAmericanScholar)被认为是美国知识分子的独立宣言。22.参考答案：A[解析]英国大学是一个独立自治的机构，不属于任何政府部门的管辖和控制，它们主要的经费是由英格兰高等教育拨款委员资助。要进入大学学习，学生需要参加A-level考试。除了白金汉大学，英国所有的大学都是公立机构，所以A项表述错误，选A项。23.参考答案：A[解析]“为艺术而艺术”是王尔德所提出的口号。24.参考答案：D[解析]维多利亚文学作为一个时代的产物，自然带有宏大与多样性的特点。它是多侧面而且复杂的从各个角度反映了人民生活中的各种巨大变化。它强调常识与规范，从而取代了浪漫主义的文风。考生注意一下各个年代的先后顺序便可以找到正确答案。25.参考答案：ArticlesofConfederation；1781[解析]美国第一部宪法是联邦条款，1781生效。26.参考答案：TheAmericanRevolutionrefersto13Englishcolonies'fightingforfreedomandindependencefromtheBritishcolonialrule.ThephilosophybehinditwasexpressedintheDeclarationofIndependence,whichwasadoptedbytheCongressonJuly4,1776.Thedocumentdeclaredthatallmenwerecreatedequalandthattheywereentitledtohavesomeunalienablerightssuchaslife,libertyandthepursuitofhappiness.27.参考答案：CelticTiger[解析]爱尔兰的经济近几年迅速发展，被称为“凯尔特之虎”。28.参考答案：theQueen；theHouseofLords；theHouseofCommons[解析]英国国会包括女王、上议院和下议院。29.参考答案：WillyLomanisapatheticandtragicheroofDeathofaSalesman.Heperceiveshimselfashavinggoodqualities,ashecaresforhimself,hischildrenandhiswife,butinfact,hedoesnotpossessthesequalities.Andmoreimportantly,hisprideishismajorflaw.

Hisproblemsstemfromhisowndelusionsandmisunderstandinghisjobandfamily.WillyLomanhasthedelusionandseeshimselfasbeingextremelyimportantbutnobodylikedhimthatmuchsinceveryfewpeoplecametohisfuneral.Hisdutifulwifeunderstandshimbutfurtherstrainshim.Asasalesman,hetotallymisunderstandshisoccupationbytryingtosellhimselfthantheproducts.Hefocusesmoreonpersonaldetailsoveractualmeasuresofsuccess,lookingdownuponthereturnsofthebusinessworld.Hisfamilywassomethingheequallymisunderstands.Duetoanaffairwithawoman,helosesthebondofthefamily.Hiswifeandtwochildrendonotlethimknowthetruthabouthim.Theywouldtellhimthathisbeliefswerewrongandthattheyknowhewastryingtokillhimself.Theydonotalwayssupporthim.Sohefailstorealizehispersonalfailure.

Willyisprimarilyagoodperson,buthisownlogicframeworkandactionleadstohistragedy,ashecannotachievearealpersonalandspiritualunderstandingofhimselfandbecomesaliteral"lowman".[解析]本题主要考查考生对米勒的《推销员之死》中主人公维利·罗曼形象的理解。本题可以从罗曼的家庭与事业两方面进行分析。30.参考答案：Inthe1990s,Irelandbecamearichcountryforthefirsttimeinitshistory.MimickingtheboominAsia,themediacalledIreland'ssuddenwealth"TheCelticTiger"economy.Andindeed,Irelandbecamewealthywithalltheswiftnessandferocityofthatbeast.Fromabout60%oftheEuropeanaverage,Irishincomeswentto110%.HousepricesinDublinquadrupled.Manypeoplewentoutandboughtexpensivecarsandsecondhouses.Ontheotherhand,notalltheIrishpeoplebenefitedfromtheeconomicboom.WhathasinfactoccurredisthattheinequalitiesofIrishsocietyhaveincreaseddramatically,sothatIrelandnowseemstohavemoreincommonwiththeclassstructureofcountriesintheAmericasthaninothersmallstatesinEurope.31.参考答案：Dreaming[解析]梦创信仰认为人与土地应该合二为一，这意味着人不拥有土地，而是土地拥有人，人有守护它的责任。32.参考答案：A[解析]克伦威尔，英国政治家、军事家、宗教领袖；他粉碎了爱尔兰的多次反叛，并将土地分给英格兰和苏格兰新教徒。33.参考答案：ApoemwrittenbyAlexanderPope.34.参考答案：TheCalloftheWild；pessimism[解析]杰克·伦敦是美国自然主义代表作家，代表作包括《野性的呼唤》、《白牙》、《海狼》、《马丁·伊登》，他因为过于悲观于1916年自杀。35.参考答案：A[解析]本题考查美洲的历史，即1607年，英国殖民者在弗吉尼亚州的詹姆斯敦建立了第一个永久殖民地。36.参考答案：EnglishRomanticismisarevoltoftheEnglishimaginationagainsttheneoclassicalreason.TheFrenchRevolutionof1789-1794andtheEnglishIndustrialRevolutionexertgreatinfluenceonEnglishRomanticism.Theromanticistsexpressanegativeattitudetowardstheexistingsocialorpoliticalconditions.Theyplacetheindividualatthecenterofart,ascanbeseenfromLordByron'sByronicHero.ThekeywordsofEnglishRomanticismarenatureandimagination.EnglishRomantictendtobenationalistic,defendingthegreatestEnglishwriters.Theyarguethatpoetryshouldbefreefromallroles.37.参考答案：20%[解析]当前澳大利亚政府强制可再生能源目标是在2020年将其提高到20%的水平。38.参考答案：D[解析]英国是君主立宪制国家，女王是国家元首。枢密院会议由女王主持召开；女王每周都会接见首相并倾听其政治汇报；内阁若失去议会信任，就必须辞职或提请女王解散议会，而女王照例必须表示同意。选项D与事实不符，为正确答案。39.参考答案：D[解析]CharlesLindbergh查尔斯·林白，首位成功单人横渡大西洋的飞行员，也是从纽约飞到巴黎的第一人。40.参考答案：C[解析]直到17世纪，澳大利亚才被西方人所知。选项C正确。41.参考答案：B[解析]新英格兰地区与英格兰有许多相似之处；这一地区包括六个州：Maine缅因州、NewHampshire新罕布什尔州、Vermont佛蒙特州、RhodeIsland罗得岛州、Connecticut康涅狄格州、Massachusetts马萨诸塞州。42.参考答案：InhisshortstoryDaisyMiller,Jamessetshistitularprotagonist,Daisy,inoppositionwiththemajorityrepresentedbyWinterbourneandotherEuropeancharactersinordertoconveyhispurposethatAmericancultureisincollisiontoitsEuropeancounterpart.DaisyisayoungAmericanmisswhojustsetherfootsontheContinent.This