文档英语四(2)答案

SHANDONGFORNON-ENGLISHMAJORSOFCONTINUINGEDUCATION（本科第4册）I.VocabularyandStructure(15%)Thereare30questionsinthispart.Foreachofthequestions,thereare4choicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.ChoosetheONEthatbestanswersthequestion.1.ResearchershaveonlysucceededinmarkingofffragmentarystretchesofDNA.A.combinedB.singleC.connectedD.disconnected2.Companiesnowhaveanincentivetofilemoreselectiveapplications.A.motivationB.excitementC.amusementD.pressure3.Thesloppyreasoningofthespeakerdisappointedhissupporters.A.plainB.discontinuousC.inconsistentD.careless4.Afterthreeyearsofefforts,thescientistsgot_______furtherthanA.no B.Never C.seldom D.not5.Thereisstill_______aboutLawrence’snovels.A.competition B.controversy C.contention D.contest6.Somefilmshaveamisleading_____onchildren.A.effectB.affectC.faultD.deficiency7.Globalwarmingislikelyto_____aseriesofunpleasanteffects.A.doubleB.fastenC.triggerD.alleviate8.Thatyoungmanstilldenies_______thefirebehindthestore.A.start

B.tostart

C.havingstarted

D.tohavestarted9.______receivingfinancialsupportfromfamily,communityorthegovernmentis

allowed,itisneveradmired.A.As

B.Once

C.Although

D.Lest10.I’dratherhavearoomofmyown,howeversmallitis,than_______aroomwith

someoneelse.A.share

B.toshare

C.sharing

D.tohaveshared11.AmericanfootballandbaseballarebecomingknowntotheBritishpublicthrough

televised_______fromtheUnitedStates.A.transfer

B.deliveries

C.transportation

D.transmissions12.MostbroadcastersmaintainthatTVhasbeenunfairlycriticizedandarguethatthepowerofthemediumis_______.A.granted

B.implied

C.exaggerated

D.remedied13.PhilipRothwas______asamajornewauthorin1960.A.publishedB.hailedC.guidedD.supposed14.A_____numberofbooksonthissubjectareinthelibrary.A.littleB.limitedC.tinyD.low15.Theriverdriedupduringthehot_______.A.periodB.fitC.scorcherD.spell16.Daylight______longinthesummertime.A.lingersB.staysC.hoversD.persists17.Anelectronicmessagesnappedhisconcentration.A.causedtoloseconcentrationsuddenly B.brokeoffC.ceased D.stopped18.Itisvitalforparentstosuperviseteensaswellastoteachthemhowtomanagetime.A.priorB.veryimportantC.fatalD.superior19.Thesolidparticleswerefiltered________beforethesolutionwasused.A.out B.over C.off D.on20.Ihadabizarretaste,whichIacquiredplayingfootballgames.A.oddB.unconventionalC.specialD.extra21.Theresultofthefirstgamewascatastrophic.A.gloomyB.prosperousC.valuelessD.ofatotalfailure22.Itdawnedonusthatwewereengagedinasport,notinplay.A.Itwasclear B.WecametounderstandC.WewereforcedtobelieveD.Wewereconvinced23.Bymakingtapesforherchildren,Rebekahtriedtocramalifetimeoflove______afewprecioushours.A.with B.in C.on D.into24.Theterminalpatienthastofaceandcontend_____death.A.to B.against C.to D.with25.Shebreatheda______ofreliefwhentheexpecteddisasterdidnothappen.A.sigh B.breath C.air D.gas26.Hehadtocontend______manydifficultieswhenhewasayoungman.A.with B.against C.upon D.over27.DemocracyandfreedominAmericanfamiliesenableeachfamilymembertohavea________.A.speak B.tell C.say D.talk28.Fred________thebagashisbytellingwhatitcontained.A.identifiedB.recognizedC.determinedD.admitted29.Itwashis_____wishthatweshouldgowithouthim.A.aggressiveB.suggestingC.distinctD.express30.Thesesurveysindicatethatmanycrimesgo_______bythepolice,mainly

because

notallvictimsreportthem.A.unrecorded

B.tobeunrecordedC.unrecording

D.tohavebeenunrecordedII.Cloze(10%)Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.Foreachblank,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.ChoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.Itfascinatesmetoobservethewayin__(31)___childrensooftenreactagainsttheirparents’ideas,whileatthesametime__(32)___theirparents’characteristics.Thatistosay,thechildrengrowupto__(33)___differentviewsfromtheirparents’,yettohave___(34)___personalities.Thereisa___(35)____goingoninthetoyworldatpresentoverwhetherchildrenshouldbe___(36)___tohaveShewon’tknowyoulikeitseparate.Molly,don’tgetmadifthereisnoapplejuice.Drinksomethingelse.It’sokaytobesad,sweeties.Jesuscriedtoo.Heknowsaboutsadnessandwillhelpyoutobehappyagain.Remember,I’llalwaysloveyou.”IshutofftherecorderandRebekahsigheddeeply.“Thankyou,Nan,”shesaidwithaweaksmile.“You’llgivethisonetothem,won’tyou?”shemurmuredassheslidintosleep.AtimewouldcomewhenthetapewouldbeplayedforRebekah’schildren,butrightthen,afterIsmoothedRebekah’sblanket,IgotinmycarandIhurriedhome.IthoughtofhowmyShannonalsolikedhersauceonthesideandsuddenlythatquirk,whichhadannoyedmesomanytimes,seemedtomakehersomuchmoreprecious.Thatnightthekidsdidn’tgoout;theysatwithmelongafterthespaghettisaucehaddriedintothedishes.Andwetalked—withoutinterrogations,withoutcomplaints—lateintothenight.51.Accordingtothefirstparagraphofthepassage,thenursewasnothappybecauseD.shewasdisappointedwithherson B.shehadanargumentwithherdaughterC.shedidnotwanttoworkinthehospital D.shewasdissatisfiedwithherchildren52.Accordingtothenurse,RebekahwasmostconcernedwithD.A.theprogressofchemotherapyB.thetapethatwouldletthechildrenrememberherC.thehappyandhealthygrowthofherchildrenattheirdifferentstagesoflifeD.therelationshipbetweenherchildrenandtheirfuturestep-mother53.ThewordsinitalicsinthefifteenthparagraphofthepassagerefertoA.A.whatthenursethoughtaboutinherownmindB.questionsthenurseaskedherchildrenC.thefactthatthenurseblamedherselffornottakinggoodcareofthepatientD.questionsthenurseaskedRebakahC54.Wordsonthelasttapedonotsupportwhichofthefollowingstatements?A.Rebekahrespectedherchildrenwhentheyhadsomedifferenthabits.B.Rebekahwaslenientandamiablethinkingofthestep-motherherchildrenwouldhaveinthefuture.C.Rebekahwasverystrictwithherchildrenandsheforcedthemtochange.D.Rebekahcaredforherchildrensomuchthatshelookedintogreatdetailsoftheirgrowth.55.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthenurseandherchildrenwouldC.remainalienatedfromeachothertalkwithinterrogationsandcomplaintsbeasattachedtoeachotherasRebekahandherchildrencontendwitheachotherPassage2Thereareafewineluctablefactsaboutbuildings.Theyareexpensive,timeconsumingandlaborintensivetomake.Theyarestrongestifbuiltfromthesturdiestmaterials.Well,no,onallaccounts.JapanesearchitectShigeruBanfirstturnedtopapertubesbecausetheywerecheapbutthendiscoveredtheyhadotherqualitiestoo:strength,recyclabilityand,mostimportantly,beauty.Hehasbuilthomes,pavilionsandchurches,someofthempermanent,usinglittlemorethancardboardtubes.“Iwasinterestedinweakmaterials,”saysBan,42.“Wheneverweinventanewmaterialornewstructuralsystem,anewarchitecturecomesoutofit.”Ironically,Banmaybeclosertotheoldmodernistidealsthanmanywhobuildtodayinglassandsteel.Hewantsbeautytobeattainablebythemasses,eventhepoorest.Banfirstbegantousethetubesinthe80’s,inexhibitions.Impressedbythematerial’sload-bearingcapacity(hecallscardboard“improvedwood”),hethoughtofthemagainin1995,aftertheKobeearthquake,anduseddonated34-plytubestobuildacommunityhallandhouses.WorkingwiththeUnitedNations,BanhasshapedpaperloghousestoTurkeyandRwanda.“Refugeeshelterhastobebeautiful,”hesays.“Psychologically,refugeesaredamaged.Theyhavetostayinniceplaces.”Butit’snotallaboututility.Banhasmanagedtoturnugly-ducklingcardboardintosomegorgeousswans..TheJapanesepavilionhecreatedforthisyear’sEXPO2000inHanover,Germany,isahugeundulatinggridofpapertubesenclosed,likeacoveredwagon,withapapercanopy.Aneight-ton,27-m-longlatticearchoftubescurrentlyswoopsoverthegardenattheMuseumofModernArtinNewYorkCity,castingathatchofeveBan’sdesignstouchtheearthlightlyinmorewaysthanone.AfterEXPO2000,hispavilionwillbeshippedtoarecyclingcentertobereturnedtothepulpfromwhenceitcame.Justtrythatwithbricks.56.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,theauthorsuggeststhatC.buildingsshouldbemadeoutofsturdiestmaterialsbuildingsarealwaysstrongiftheyarebuiltfromthesturdiestmaterialssomematerials,seeminglyweak,canbuildstrongbuildingssturdiestmaterialscannotbuildstrongestbuildings57.Wheneverweinventanewmaterialornewarchitecturalsystem,anewarchitecturecomesoutofit.TheunderlinedpartmeansA.A.comesintobeingB.getsoutofitC.getsridofitD.breaksawayfromit58.TheauthorsaysBanmaybeclosertotheoldmodernistidealsbecauseC.hedoesn’tbuildinglassandsteelpapertubesarenotconsideredasmodernmaterialshegivesthemassesaccesstothebeautyofarchitecturebyusingpapertubeseventhepoorestcanaffordhousesmadebypapertubes59.WhatisthemostimportantfactorthatcausedBantousethepapertubesinbuildings?AA.Beauty.B.Load-bearingcapacity.C.Rarity.D.Warmthbroughtaboutbythematerial.60.“Justtrythatwithbricks.”Bythissentence,theauthorsuggeststhatA.ironically,itisimpossibleforothermaterialstoberecycledaspeopledowithpapertubespeopleshouldtrydifferentwaystorecyclebuildingmaterialsrenovationsshouldbemadetorecyclebricksitispossibleforbrickstoberecycledthesamewayaspapertubesPassage3Livingstandardshavesoaredduringthetwentiethcentury,andeconomistsexpectthemtocontinuerisinginthedecadesahead.Doesthatmeanthatwehumanscanlookforwardtoincreasinghappiness?Notnecessarily,warnsRichardA.Easterlin,aneconomistattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia,inhisnewbook,Theexplanationforthisparadoxmaybethatpeoplebecomelesssatisfiedovertimewithagivenlevelofincome.InEasterlin’swords:“Asincomesrise,theaspirationleveldoestoo,andtheeffectofthisincreaseinaspirationsistovitiatetheexpectedgrowthinhappinessduetohigherincome.”Moneycanbuyhappiness,Easterlinseemstobesaying,butonlyifone’saccountsgetbiggerandotherpeoplearen’tgettingmore.HisanalysishelpstoexplainsociologistLeeRainwater’sfindingthatAmerican’sperceptionoftheincome“necessarytogetalong”rosebetween1950and1986inthesameproportionasactualpercapitaincome.Wefeelrichifwehavemorethanourneighbors,poorifwehaveless,andfeelingrelativelywell-offisequatedwithbeinghappy.Easterlin’sfindingschallengepsychologistAbrahamMaslow’s“hierarchyofwants”asareliableguidetofuturehumanmotivation.Maslowsuggestedthataspeople’sbasicmaterialwantsaresatisfiedtheyseektoachievenonmaterialorspiritualgoals.ButEasterlin’sevidencepointstothepersistenceofmaterialism.“Despiteagenerallevelofaffluenceneverbeforerealizedinthehistoryoftheworld,”Easterlinobserves,“materialconcernsinthewealthiestnationstodayareaspressingaseverandthepursuitofmaterialneedsasintense.”Theevidencesuggeststhereisnoevolutiontowardhigherordergoals.Rather,eachstepupwardontheladderofeconomicdevelopmentmerelystimulatesneweconomicdesiresthatleadthechaseeveronward.Economistsareaccustomedtodeflatingthemoneyvalueofnationalincomebytheaveragelevelofpricestoobtain“real”income.Theprocesshereissimilar—realincomeisbeingdeflatedbyrisingmaterialaspiration,inthiscasetoyieldessentiallyconstantsubjectiveeconomicwell-being.Whileitwouldbepleasanttoenvisageaworldfreefromthepressureofmaterialwant,amorerealistprojection,basedontheevidence,isofaworldinwhichgenerationaftergenerationthinksitneedsonlyanother10%to20%moreincometobeperfectlyhappy.Needsarelimited,butnotgreed.Sciencehasdevelopednocureforenvy,soourwealthboostsourhappinessonlybrieflywhileshrinkingthatofourneighbors.ThustheoutlookforthefutureisgloomyinEasterlin’sview.“Thefuture,then,towhichtheepochofmoderneconomicgrowthisleadingisoneofneverendingeconomicgrowth,aworldinwhichevergrowingabundanceismatchedbyeverrisingaspirations,aworldinwhichculturaldifferenceisleveledintheconstantracetoachievethegoodlifeofthematerialplenty;itisaworldfoundedonbeliefinscienceandthepowerofrationalinquiryandintheultimatecapacityofhumanitytoshapeitsowndestiny.Theironyisthatinthislastrespectthelessonofhistoryappearstobeotherwise:thatthereisnochoice.Intheend,thetriumphofeconomicgrowthisnotatriumphofhumanityovermaterialwants;rather,itisthetriumphofmaterialwantsoverhumanity.”61.Theauthorclaimsthatthehigherlivingstandarddoesnotnecessarilymeanincreasinghappiness.T62.Steadyimprovementisalwaysaccompaniedbysteadyincreasesinpeople’shappiness.F63.Thehighertheaspirationlevelis,thehappierthepeoplewillbe.F64.Easterlin’sfindingscanbeusedasevidencetosupportdivergentviews.F65.Economycan’tkeepasustaineddevelopmentbecauseitisconstantlydeflatedbytherisingmaterialaspiration.TPassage4Iloveshopping,evenifitisjustwindow-shopping.ShoppingintheStatesisalwaysapleasantexperience.Therearedifferenttypesofshopsthatoperatetocatertoyourdifferentneeds.Tobuygroceries,youcangototheconveniencestore,thesupermarketorthemassmerchandiser(suchasWal-Mart).Tobuysomeclothesandbig-ticketitems,youcangotothemallorfactoryoutlets.Igototwoplacesmostoften,thesupermarketandthemall.Inalmosteverycityorlargetown,youcanfindseveralbig-chainsupermarkets.Theyhavemorethanadozencheckoutsandareone-stopshopssinceyoucanbuyalmosteverythingthere:food,cosmetics,clothes,medicine,etc.Younameit.Withthedevelopmentoftechnology,someofthesesupermarketshaveinstalledtheautomaticcheckoutlanesforcustomers.IwassothrilledthefirsttimeIusedtheautomaticcheckoutlane.Mostpackagedgoodshavebarcodesandyoujustscanthemonthescanningmachinewhenyoucheckout.Someitems,suchasproduce(vegetablesandfruits),donothavebarcodesonthem.Youneedtoinputtheirlabelnumbers,whichcanbefoundonthelistgluedtothescanningmachine.Theseautomaticcheckoutlaneshelpthestoresreducetheirlaborcostandincreasetheirefficiency.Everygrocerystorehaspromotionsondifferentkindsofproductseveryweek.Usuallyyoucanfindastoreweeklynewspaperwithfeaturedpromotionsforthatparticularweek.Iamabargainhunter,forward-buyingalotofdailyproductsifIfeelIneedtheminthefuture.Once,IsawafeaturedpromotiononPanteen2-in-1shampooplusconditioner.AlthoughIdidnotneeditatthattime,Ifeltitwasagooddeal.SoIdecidedtobuytwobottles.However,Icouldn’tfindanysuchPanteenontheshelf.Iwenttoasalesclerkandaskedifhecouldfindanyforme.Hetoldmethatthestorewasoutofthestockanditwouldnothaveanyinuntilthenextweek.Theunfortunatethingwasthatbythenthepromotionwouldbeover.However,theclerktoldmethatIcouldgotothecustomerservicecounterandIwouldbegivenarain-check,whichwouldguaranteethepromotionpriceformeonthatparticularitem.Inthefollowingweek,withtherain-check,Iboughttheproductsatthelastweek’spromotionprice.Anothertime,Iboughttwobagsofsaladatagrocerystore.WhenIscannedthem,thescreenshowedadifferentpricefromwhatthestoreadvertised.Outofcuriosity,Iwenttothecustomerservicecounterandaskedwhy.Theladywhohelpedmewenttotheshelftodouble-checktheprice.Whenshecameback,sheapologizedtome,sayingthatthestoredidn’tscanthepriceproperly.Accordingtotheinternalpolicyofthestore,ifthecustomerfoundoutascanningproblem,hewouldgettheproductforfreeasanawardforhimorapenaltytothestore.WhenIleftthestorewiththetwobagsoffreesalad,Imarveledatthehonestyofthestoreclerk.Ifshehadnottoldme,Iwouldneverhavehadanychancetoknowthatthestorehadthisinternalpolicy.AshoppingmallintheStatesiscomposedofmanyindividualspecialtyshopsandnationwidechainstores,suchasSearsandJCPenny.Whatimpressesmemostwhenshoppinginthemallisitsreturnpolicy.Nomatterwhatyoubuy,shoes,pantsorbig-ticketitemssuchasTVandVCR,ifyoufindsomeproblemswiththemorsimplydonotlikethemanylonger,youcanreturnthemwithin30days.Youwon’tbechallengedatthecustomerservicecounteraslongasyouhaveyourreceipt.Ofcoursetherearesomepeoplewhomighttaketheadvantageofthisreturnpolicy,especiallywhentheyneedsomethingforamomentaryuse.That’swhyyoucanalwaysfindalonglineofpeoplewaitingtoreturntheirgoodsrightafterChristmas.Thentheclichéthat“thecustomerisGod”ringstruetomewhenIshopintheStates.SometimesIbelievethatatacertaincorneroftheworldthereisagodseeingtothebenefitsofthecustomer.66.Allproductscangothroughtheautomaticcheckoutlanethoughsomeofthemdon’thavebarcodes.F67.Thequalityofproductsonpromotionisnotguaranteed.F68.Scanningproblemwillbecorrectedbythecustomerhimself.F69.Customerwillgetsomemoneyasawardforfindingouterrors.F70.Neverhasanyonetakentheadvantageofreturnpolicy.FIV.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsorexpressionsgiveninbrackets.(10%)71.科学家们已成功分离出具有单项已知功能的单个而明显的基因。(isolate,function)Scientistshavealreadyisolatedthegeneswhichhavethesingleknownfunction.72.通讯技术的每一个进步都是人类交往的亲密程度的一种倒退。(advance,setback)Eachadvanceofcommunicatingtechnologyisasetbackofpeople’sintimacy.73.这件事对我很有益，使我从此不再多愁善感。（keepfrom）Itisusefulformetokeepmefromsensitivity.74.这些学生错误地以为，若他们讲得不像美国人，就是讲得不好，所以也就不敢讲。(falsely,accordingly,befearfulof)ThosestudentsfalselybelievedthatiftheycannotspeaklikeAmericans,theyarenotgoodEnglishspeakerandaccordinglytheyarefearfulofspeaking.75.使我感到惊奇的是，托玛斯太太的忠告真管事儿。(tomy…)Tomysur