新教材高中英语Unit2Makingadifference教学知识细解码学案外研版

Unit2Makingadifference1．contributev．贡献，处理，投稿→contributionn．贡献2．shortadj.短的，不足的；矮的→shortagen．短缺，不足，缺乏3．effectn．影响，效果，作用→effectiveadj.有效的，产生预期效果的4．recyclev．再利用，回收利用→recycledadj.回收再利用的5．earnv．挣(钱)→earnern．挣钱者6．donatev．捐赠，捐献→donationn．捐款，捐赠；捐赠物7．realadj.实际的，真实的→realityn．真实，现实1．contributionn．捐款；定期缴款；贡献；促成作用；稿件①AllcontributionsfortheMayissuemustbereceivedbyFriday. 稿件②Hemadeaverypositivecontributiontothesuccessoftheproject. 贡献③Thesemeasureswouldmakeavaluablecontributiontowardsreducingaccidents. 促成作用④Thefactorystillhandsinmonthlycontributionsforthelaid­offworkers. 定期缴款⑤Afterheearnedalargeamountofmoney，hemadeacontributiontocharity. 捐款2．welladv.很好地；充分地adj.情况良好的；健康的n.井①Theconferencewasverywellorganized. 很好地②Thefarmerdugawellinhisbackyardtogetcleanwater. 井③Thesurfacemustbewellpreparedbeforeyoustarttopaint. 充分地④Idon'tfeelverywellsoIdon'tgoshoppingwithyou. 健康的⑤Asweallknow，alliswellthatendswell. 情况良好的WordsandPhraseseq\a\vs4\al(知识要点1)contributionn．贡献；捐赠；投稿(教材P13)thecontributionthesepeoplemadetosociety这些人为社会所做出的贡献[例1]Allcontributionswillbegratefullyreceived.我们对所有捐资表示感谢。[例2]Theschoolseesitsjobaspreparingstudentstomakeacontributiontosociety.这所学校以培养学生为社会做贡献为己任。[造句]他们在书中没有提及她的贡献。Theydidn'tmentionhercontributioninthebook.[知识拓展](1)makeacontribution/contributionsto 对……做出贡献(2)contributev. 捐赠；捐献；贡献；促成；导致；投稿contribute...to... 把……捐献给……；给……投稿contributeto... 做出贡献；有助于；导致[即学即练]单句语法填空①Overeatingandlackofregularexerciseeasilycontributetooverweightandhighbloodpressure.②I'msureyoursuggestionswillcontributetosolving(solve)theproblem.[小片段填空]ManypeoplecontributedmoneytoProjectHope，whichcontributedtomanychildrenreturningtoschool.Ateacherwroteanarticleaboutthisandcontributedittoanewspaper.Suchcontributionmadeusfeelexcited.许多人给希望工程捐钱，使许多孩子重返校园。一位老师据此写了一篇文章并向报社投了稿。这种捐献让我们很激动。eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点2)reliefn．减轻，缓解(教材P13)Theamountofreliefandcomfortexperiencedbythesickaftertheskinhasbeencarefullywashedanddried，isoneofthecommonestobservationsmadeatasickbed.病人在仔细清洗和干燥皮肤后所感受到的宽慰和舒适程度，是在病床上最常见的观察结果之一。[例1]Whenheheardhehadpassedtheexamination，hesmiledinrelief.听说通过了考试，他如释重负地笑了。[例2]IfeltgreatreliefwhenIheardIhadpassedtheexamination.当我听说我考试通过的时候，我感到轻松多了。[造句]能和别人谈谈这件事，感到舒心多了。Itwasarelieftobeabletotalktosomeoneaboutit.[知识拓展]toone'srelief＝tothereliefofsb. 使某人欣慰的是muchtoone'srelief 使某人很欣慰的是relievev. 解除，减轻[即学即练]单句语法填空①Muchtoherrelief，shesawthedooropen.②Shelongedforsomethingtorelieve(relief)thetirednessofeverydaylife.eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点3)undercontrol在控制中；情况正常(教材P13)...it'sthebestsmileintheworld；andthere'snobodyhurt，andthewell'sundercontrol.……它是世界上美好的微笑；无人受伤并且油井得以控制。[例1]Shebringsherweightundercontrolbydietingandexercising.她通过节食和锻炼来控制体重。[例2]Ifourneighborcontinuestorefusetokeephisdogundercontrol，wehavetotakehimtocourt.如果我们的邻居继续拒绝对他的狗加以控制，我们就不得不控告他了。[造句]幸运的是，消防员一来到大火就控制住了。Luckily，thebigfirewasundercontrolassoonasthefirefighterscame.[知识拓展]“under＋n.”表示正在进行的动作或表示被动意义，其中名词前不用冠词。underconstruction 正在建设中underrepair 在修理中underdiscussion 在讨论中undertreatment 正在接受治疗[即学即练]单句语法填空①Therearefourundergroundlinesinthiscity，andseverallinesareunderconstruction.②Thequestionunderdiscussion(discuss)isabouteducationofpreschoolchildren.eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点4)shortagen．短缺，不足，缺乏(教材P14)Freshwatershortage(lessthan1，000m3/capita/year淡水短缺(不到1000立方米/人/年)[例1]Thereisnoshortageofthingstodointhetown.城里不愁找不到活儿干。[例2]Shortageofhandshasreducedourfactory'syearlyoutput.人手不足已使我们厂的年产量减少。[造句]张先生似乎认为他的工厂存在劳动力不足的现象。Mr.Zhangseemstobelievethereisashortageofworkers.[知识拓展]shortadj. 短的；不足的；矮的，低的beshortfor 简称，缩写beshortof 缺少……[即学即练]单句语法填空①PRCisshortforthePeople'sRepublicofChina.②Weareshortofhands(hand)rightnow.[小片段填空]WHOisshortforWorldHealthOrganization，whichisdevotedtohelpingimprovetheworld'shealthcondition.Butnowitisshortofenoughexperiencedmedicalworkers.Anditalsofindstheshortageoffreshwatermadethelivingconditionsworseinsomecountries.WHO是世界卫生组织的简称，该组织主要致力于改善全世界的健康状况。但是现在它缺乏足够多有经验的医务人员。并且它发现淡水的缺乏使一些国家的生活条件更差。eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点5)earnvt.挣(钱)(教材P14)Atfirst，hisplanwastoearnmoneytobuildasinglewellsomewhereinAfrica.起初，他的计划是挣些钱在非洲某个地方打一口井。[例1]Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellingthefish.爷爷说去年夏天他们靠卖鱼赚了很多钱。[例2]IwanttoearnalotofmoneywhenIgrowup.长大后，我想挣大钱。[造句]他工作很努力，但钱赚得不多。Heworkshard，buthedoesnotearnmuchmoney.[知识拓展]earnmoney＝makemoney 挣钱earnone's/aliving(by...) (靠……)谋生/维持生计earnone'sfame/areputation 赢得名声[即学即练]单句语法填空①Howdoessheearnher(she)livingaftersheleftherfamily?②Hehasearned(earn)agoodreputationasateachersincehegraduated.[小片段填空]Aftergraduatingfromcollege，hedecidedtobeadoctorinasmallmountainvillage.Althoughhedidn'tearnmuchmoney，heearnedagreatreputationamongthevillagers.Atfirst，hisparentswonderedhowheearnedhislivingonsuchlittlemoneybutgraduallytheyunderstoodhim.大学毕业后，他决定去一个小山村当医生。尽管挣钱不多，但是他在村民中声誉很好。开始他的父母很疑惑他靠那一点钱怎么谋生，但是逐渐地他们理解了他。eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点6)giveup放弃，停止(教材P15)Twothousanddollarswasalotofmoney，butRyandidn'tgiveup.2000美元可是一大笔钱，但是瑞恩没有放弃。[例1]Thefollowingaresomeideastohelppeopletogiveupsmoking.下面是一些帮助人们戒烟的方法。[例2]Shewillgiveupthisjourneyiftheweatherisn'tsosatisfying.如果天气不那么让人满意，她将放弃这次旅行。[造句]没有人能让他放弃他当篮球运动员的梦想。Noonecanmakehimgiveuphisdreamofbecomingabasketballplayer.[知识拓展]givein(to) 屈服(于)，对……做出让步giveout 发；用光；放出giveaway 赠送；泄露[即学即练]单句语法填空①Canyougiveoutthepaperstothestudentspresent，please?②Ifapersonhasnothadenoughsleep，hisactionwillgivehimawayduringtheday.eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点7)breakintoasmile突然笑起来(教材P15)Hebrokeintoajoyfulsmile.他突然开心地笑了起来。[例1]Heisalwaysseriousanditisveryhardtomakehimbreakintoasmile.他总是很严肃，很难让他突然笑起来。[例2]Whilereadingastorybook，theyounggirlbrokeintoasmilesuddenly.读故事书的时候，小女孩突然笑了起来。[造句]这名学生往教室跑着，突然大笑了起来。Thestudentbrokeintoabigsmileasshecametoherclassroom.[知识拓展]breakinto 破门而入；强行闯入breakdown 出故障；垮掉breakoff 断开，折断，中断breakout 爆发；突然发生breakaway(fromsb./sth.) 突然挣脱(某人/物)，脱离(某人/物)[即学即练]单句语法填空①Ourcarbrokedownonthewayandwhat'sworse，itwasgettingdark.②Hishomewasbroken(break)intolastnightandhelosthisnewbike.SentencePatternseq\a\vs4\al(重点句式1)havetrouble(in)doingsth.在……方面有困难；做某事费力(教材P14)Asasix­year­oldCanadianschoolboy，RyanhadtroublebelievingthewordsspokenbyhisteacherthatmanypeopleindevelopingAfricancountriescouldn'tgetenoughcleanwater.当瑞恩还是一个6岁的加拿大小学生时，他很难相信他的老师所说的非洲发展中国家的许多人得不到足够的清洁水的话。句式分析：该句是一个复合句。thewords后面的部分是过去分词作定语，其中的that引导同位语从句，解释说明words的内容。该句主句的句式是havetrouble(in)doingsth.，表示做某事有困难。[例1]Wehadalotoftroubleinfindingyourhome.我们费了好大的劲儿才找到你家。[例2]Ihavegreattroublerememberingallthesenumbersinashorttime.短时间内记住这所有的数字很费劲。[造句]我知道我想说什么，但我觉得难以向别人表达清楚。IknowwhatIwanttosaybutIhavetrouble(in)expressingitclearlytoothers.[知识拓展]havemuch/some/little/nodifficulty/trouble/problem(in)doingsth. 做……有很大/一些/很少/没有困难havedifficulty/trouble/problemwithsth. 在……方面有困难haveahard/goodtime(in)doingsth. 做某事经历困难/愉快的时光[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Thechildrenarehavingfuninplaying(play)hide­and­seek.②Youcan'timaginethetroublewehadfinishing(finish)theworkaheadoftime.③Thestudentshavegreatdifficultywith(有困难)thistypeofsentence.④Youcanhardlyimaginethedifficultywehadfinishingthework(完成任务时的困难)insuchashorttime.eq\a\vs4\al(重点句式2)so...that...如此……以至于……(教材P14)Andwhyisthewatersodirtythatitmakesthemsick?为什么水如此脏以至于使他们生病？句式分析：该句是一个复合句。so为副词，修饰形容词dirty；that为连词，引导结果状语从句。[例1]TheteacherexplainedtheEnglishgrammarsoclearlythatevenIcouldunderstandit.老师把英语语法解释的如此清晰，以至于甚至我都能听明白。[例2]IwassoexcitedthatIcouldnotspeak.我很激动以至于说不出话来了。[造句]她如此努力学习，所以一定会比别人更早实现梦想。Shestudiessohardthatsheissuretorealiseherdreamearlierthanothers.[知识拓展](1)soeq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(adj./adv.,adj.＋a（n）＋n.,many/much/few/little（少）＋n.))＋that­clause(2)sucheq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(a（n）＋adj.＋可数名词单数,adj.＋可数名词复数,adj.＋不可数名词))＋that­clause[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Thestoneissoheavy(heavily)thatIcan'tliftitup.②Theyaresuchlittlechildrenthattheycan'tdoanything.③Hetoldussointerestingastory(这么有趣的一个故事)thatwealllaughed.④Hetoldussuchaninterestingstory(这么有趣的一个故事)thatwealllaughed.(教材P14)Hesoonreachedhisfirsttargetof$70，butwhenhegavethemoneytoacharity，hewastoldthatitactuallycost$2，000tobuildawell.[分析]此句为but连接的并列复合句。but前面是一个主谓宾结构的分句；后面的分句是一个主从复合句，when引导的是时间状语从句；hewastold后面是that引导的宾语从句。[译文]他很快就实现了第一个70美元的目标，但当他把钱捐给慈善机构时，他被告知打一口井实际上需要2000美元。教材高考1.thecontributionthesepeoplemadetosociety(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)...olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions...2.Theamountofreliefandcomfortexperiencedbythesickaftertheskinhasbeencarefullywashedanddried，isoneofthecommonestobservationsmadeatasickbed.(2018·江苏卷)Therewasnocure，onlypainrelief.3.Thisinsightgrewfromthedeterminedattitudeofasix­year­oldboywhohadthecourageandperseverancetomakehisdreamareality.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)ButMannthinksTerrafugiahascomecloserthananyonetomakingtheflyingcarareality.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Thesereformsmadegreatcontributions(contribution)tothestabilityoftheeconomy.2．Toherrelief(relieve)，herhusbandcamehomesafeandsoundatlast.3．Trainingdidn'tresultingoodresultsandwasmuchlesseffective(effective)thanexpected.4．Thereisnoheatingavailableduetofuelshortages(shortage)．5．Jackandhiswifedonated(donate)manyoftheirusedclothestoacharity.6．Wehadgreattroublemaking(make)himunderstandwhatwetaughthim.7．Hereallymadeagreatdifferencetotheworldbyhisownefforts.8．Somanypeopleinthevillagebenefitedfromthevolunteers'timelyhelp.9．Wecouldseethedelighted(delight)workersjumpinghappilywiththesalaryinhand.10．Thewaterherewassodirtythateventheanimalsdidn'twanttodrink.Ⅱ.短语填空giveup；bedeterminedto；makeacontribution；turnout；begratefulto；benefitfrom；atthesametime；undercontrol；makeadifference；risetoone'sfeet1．Manypeopleintheworldhavebenefitedfromthearrivalof5Gtillnow.2．Whentheheroarrivedhome，thewholevillageturnedouttogreethim.3．Noonecouldhelpyougiveupsmokingunlessyouarewillingto.4．Weshouldbegratefultowhoeverhelpedusonourwaytosuccess.5．Oncehewasdeterminedtoquithisjob，noonecouldchangehim.6．Thebusinessmanmakesacontributiontocharityeveryyear.7．Helefthisofficesuddenly.Atthesametime，hiscellphonepoweredoff.8．Whentheteacheraskedhimtoanswe