新教材人教版英语课件Unit4NaturalDisastersPeriod3

Unit4

NaturalDisastersPeriod3

DiscoveringUsefulStructures语法精析课that,which,who,whom,whose引导的限制性定语从句语法精讲透析【体验·悟】观察下面的课文原句,感受黑体词的用法。1.Thereweredeepcracksthatappearedinthewellwalls.2.Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.3.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.【生成·得】(1)跟在一个___________后进行修饰限定或补充说明的句子叫作定语从句。定语从句在句子功能上相当于一个形容词。(2)在复合句中对被修饰的词起_________作用的从句叫作限制性定语从句。它与被修饰的词(组)之间没有逗号。名词或代词修饰限定【研学·析】一、定语从句的几个概念1.先行词:指被定语从句修饰限定或补充说明的词(组)。2.关系代词:指连接先行词和定语从句的代词(who,whom,whose,that,which和as)。3.关系副词:指连接先行词和定语从句的副词(when,where和why)。划出下列句子中的先行词和关系代词①Thesuitcasethatliesonthegroundishers.②Thegreatdamagewhichthefloodbroughtmadeagreatmanypeoplehomeless.③Weareconcernedaboutpeoplewhohavesufferedalotintheearthquake.答案:

①suitcase;that

②damage;which

③people;who二、关系代词的用法1.关系代词的基本用法(1)that既可指人,也可指物,它在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语,作宾语时可省略。※Allthisisbecauseofadecision_____________fortyyearsagoinBeijing.(that作从句___语)这一切都是因为40年前在北京做出的一项决定。(2)which指物,它在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语,作宾语时可省略。※21st

CenturyisanEnglishlanguagenewspaper_________________inBeijingeachweek.(which作从句___语)《21世纪》是一份英文报纸,每周在北京出版。thatwasmadewhichispublished主主(3)who只能指人,它在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。Youcanchattootherpeople____areonline.(who作从句主语)你可以和其他在线的人聊天。(4)whom只能指人,它在定语从句中只能充当宾语。作宾语时可省略,也可用who或that代替。Heisapersonalfriend______I’veknownformanyyears.(whom作从句宾语)他是一位我认识多年的私人朋友。whowhom(5)whose既可以修饰人,也可以修饰物,它在定语从句中充当定语,表示“所属”关系。※Nowadays,therearemanyleft-behindchildren_____________workawayfromtheirhometown.现在,有许多留守儿童。他们的父母都不在家乡工作。whoseparentsthatyoushoulddothatyouwantto③当先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast,thesame,theright等修饰时。※Thisistheveryfactory______________lastsummerholiday.这就是他们去年暑假参观的工厂。④当先行词既指人又指物时。※Sometimesweshouldignorethepersonsandthings___________.有时我们应该忽略那些令我们心烦的人和事。⑤当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时。※Whichofthebooks_______________isthemostusefulformywriting?你买的哪一本书对我的写作最有用?thattheyvisitedthatupsetusthatyoubought(2)宜用which不用that的情况①当关系代词前有介词时。※ThisisthehouseinwhichMoYanoncelived.这就是莫言曾经住过的房子。②当先行词本身是that且指物时。※Paulhasfoundthatwhichhelostyesterday.保罗找到了他昨天丢失的东西。【知识延伸】当关系代词引导非限制性定语从句且先行词指物或者指关系代词前的整个句子或句子的一部分时。※Internetissointeresting,whichmakesallhappen.互联网是如此有趣,这使得一切都发生。(3)宜用who不用that的情况①先行词是指人的不定代词(one,none,all,nobody,anyone等)时。※Anyonewhogoesfoodshoppingwithoutalistissuretoforgetthethingshereallyneeds.任何人如果采购食物时没列清单的话,肯定会忘了真正需要的东西。※Thereisalwayssomeonewholovesyoumorethanyouknow.一定有一个比你知道的更爱你的人。②含有两个定语从句的句子中,有一个是由关系代词that引导时。※Theboythatyoumetlastnightisthegroupleaderwhostudiesveryhard.你昨晚遇到的那个男孩是组长,学习非常刻苦。【知识延伸】在非限制性定语从句中作主语且指人时※HefeelshonoredtoworkwithMrLi,whohasgoodreputationinthebusiness.他感到很荣幸能与李先生共事,他在这一行业享有良好的声誉。三、关系代词的选择原则定语从句的关系代词的选择有三个原则:1.判断先行词是人还是物;2.判断先行词在定语从句中作何成分;3.判断定语从句是限制性的还是非限制性的。例如:

(1)(1)(2)(3)【内化·用】1.读下面的短文并用适当的关系代词填空

Everyonehasfriends,butideasaboutfriendshiparedifferent.Somethinkthatafriendissomeone①____chatswithyouontheInternet;othersthinkthatafriendisaperson②____hasknownyouallyourlife—someone③______familyknowyou,too.Andothersonlyusethetermforsomeone④______youshareyoursecretswith.Althoughdifferentpeoplehavedifferentopinionsaboutfriends,thereisonething⑤____isalwaystrue:youarefreetochooseyourfriends.whowhowhosewhomthat2.链接高考①(2019•全国卷Ⅲ)Inthecafe,customerswillenjoythemselvesinthehistoricalenvironment______iscreatedforthem.

【解析】that/which。先行词是“environment”,且在定语从句中作主语,故填that/which。②(2019•天津高考)PeterBullockwasnotonlyanexcitingteacher,butalsotheman______foundedthedebateclubinmyschool.

【解析】who/that。先行词是“theman”,在从句中作主语,故填who/that。③(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Ifyouareateenagerlivingincertainpartsoftheprovince,youcouldbesuitableforthisprogram,______provideseightweeksofpaidemploymentalongwithtraining.

【解析】which。先行词是逗号前面的“program”,关系代词在从句中作主语,本句为非限制性定语从句,故不用that,用which。【常温故·勤总结】口诀一定语从句真奇妙,先行词后跟着跑。关系代词来引导,限定从句无逗号。口诀二关系代词有5个,指人指物分清了。that指代物或人,which指物要记好。who与whom皆指人,whose作定记得牢。口诀三that用法真不少,介词后面不跟了。先行词含不定代,指人指物用得巧。序数形词最高级,that勿重现身妙。逗号一出that跑,which快快来搭桥。课时素养达标who/thatwhosewho/whom/不填which/thatthat/which/不填6.LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrary______wasnewlyopentous.7.Themethodwith______yousolvedtheproblemisverygood.8.Thisisthelittlegirl______parentswerekilledinthegreatearthquake.whichwhichwhoseⅡ.完成句子1.这就是我最喜欢的那本杂志。Thisisthemagazine___________________.

2.正在唱歌的女孩是我的同学。Thegirl_____________ismyclassmate.

3.我们正在讨论昨晚见到的钢琴和钢琴家。We’retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist___________________.

4.那棵开着粉花的树看起来很漂亮。Thattree____________________looksverybeautiful.

that/whichIlikebestwhoissingingthatwesawlastnightwhose