串励直流电动机的基本控制电路

课题十一串励直流电动机的基本控制线路主要特点：1.具有较大的启动转矩，启动性能好。2.过载能力较强。串励直流电动机外形串励直流电动机原理图一、启动控制线路1.手动启动控制线路串励直流电动机手动启动控制电路图QFKT1KT1KM1KM2L+KM2LSB2SB1KM1KM1KM3R22.自动启动控制线路MR1KM1KT2KM3电路组成分析KT2QFKT1KT1KM1KM2L+KM2LSB2SB1KM1KM1KM3R22.自动启动控制线路MR1KM1KT2KM3KT2合上电源开关QFQFKT1KT1KM1KM2L+KM2LSB2SB1KM1KM1KM3R22.自动启动控制线路MR1KM1KT2KM3KT2按下SB1KM1线圈得电QFKT1KT1KM1KM2L+KM2LSB2SB1KM1KM1KM3R22.自动启动控制线路MR1KM1KT2KM3KT2KT1经过整定时间KT1动断触头延时闭合QFKT1KT1KM1KM2L+KM2LSB2SB1KM1KM1KM3R22.自动启动控制线路MR1KM1KT2KM3KT2KT2经过整定时间KT2动断触头延时闭合进入正常工作QFKT1KT1KM1KM2L+KM2LSB2SB1KM1KM1KM3R22.自动启动控制线路MR1KM1KT2KM3KT2按下SB2，电动机停转二、正反转控制线路串励直流电动机的反转常采用励磁绕组反接法来实现。因为串励电动机电枢绕组两端的电压很高，而励磁绕组两端的电压较低，反接较容易。

KM3KM2KM2KM1SB2KM2KM3KM1KM2L+L-KTKM2SB3KM1SB1KTKM1KM1RQFKM2KM1电路组成分析KM2KM1M串励直流电机正反转控制线路KM3KM2KM2KM1SB2KM2KM3KM1KM2L+L-KTKM2SB3KM1SB1KM1KM1R串励直流电机正反转控制线路QFKM2KM1合上电源开关QFKM2KM1MKTKM3KM2KM2KM1SB2KM2KM3KM1KM2L+L-KTKM2SB3KM1SB1KM1KM1R串励直流电机正反转控制线路QFKM2KM1正转控制：按下SB1，电动机串联电阻R正转起动，KT线圈失电KM2KM1MKTKM3KM2KM2KM1SB2KM2KM3KM1KM2L+L-KTKM2SB3KM1SB1KM1KM1R串励直流电机正反转控制线路QFKM2KM1KT动断触头延时闭合，KM3得电，起动过程结束KM2KM1MKTKM3KM2KM2KM1SB2KM2KM3KM1KM2L+L-KTKM2SB3KM1SB1KM1KM1R串励直流电机正反转控制线路QFKM2KM1按下SB3，电动机停转KM2KM1MKTKM3KM2KM2KM1SB2KM2KM3KM1KM2L+L-KTKM2SB3KM1SB1KM1KM1R串励直流电机正反转控制线路QFKM2KM1反转控制：按下SB2，电动机串联电阻R反转起动，KT线圈失电KM2KM1MKTKM3KM2KM2KM1SB2KM2KM3KM1KM2L+L-KTKM2SB3KM1SB1KM1KM1R串励直流电机正反转控制线路QFKM2KM1KT动断触头延时闭合，KM3得电，起动过程结束KM2KM1MKT三、制动控制线路1.能耗制动控制电路串励直流电动机的能耗制动分为自励式和他励式两种。

(1)自励式能耗制动自励式能耗制动是指当电动机断开电源后，将励磁绕组反接并与电枢绕组和制动电阻串联构成闭合回路，使惯性运转的电枢处于自励发电状态，产生与原方向相反的电流和电磁转矩，迫使电动机迅速停转。KM3KVKM1SB2KM2KM3KM1KM2L+L-KTKM2SB2KM1SB1KTKM1KM1R串励直流电动机自励式能耗制动控制电路QFKM2KM1电路组成分析KM2KM1MKM2KM1KVKM2RBKM3KVKM1SB2KM2KM3KM1KM2L+L-KTKM2SB2KM1SB1KTKM1KM1R串励直流电动机自励式能耗制动控制电路QFKM2KM1合上电源开关QFKM2KM1MKM2KM1KVKM2RBKM3KVKM1SB2KM2KM3KM1KM2L+L-KTKM2SB2KM1SB1KTKM1KM1R串励直流电动机自励式能耗制动控制电路QFKM2KM1起动控制：按下SB1，电动机串联电阻R起动，KT线圈失电KM2KM1MKM2KM1KVKM2RBKM3KVKM1SB2KM2KM3KM1KM2L+L-KTKM2SB2KM1SB1KTKM1KM1R串励直流电动机自励式能耗制动控制电路QFKM2KM1KT动断触头延时闭合，KM3得电，起动过程结束KM2KM1MKM2KM1KVKM2RBKM3KVKM1SB2KM2KM3KM1KM2L+L-KTKM2SB2KM1SB1KTKM1KM1R串励直流电动机自励式能耗制动控制电路QFKM2KM1按下SB2，KM1失电，能耗制动开始KM2KM1MKM2KM1KVKM2RBKM3KVKM1SB2KM2KM3KM1KM2L+L-KTKM2SB2KM1SB1KTKM1KM1R串励直流电动机自励式能耗制动控制电路QFKM2KM1当速度降低到较低时，KV释放，各电器触头复位，制动结束。KM2KM1MKM2KM1KVKM2RB

(2)他励式能耗制动制动时，切断电动机电源，将电枢绕组与放电电阻R1接通，将励磁绕组与电枢绕组断开后串入分压电阻R2，再接入外加直流电源励磁。KM1SB2KM1KM2L+L-KM2SB1SQ2R3QFKM2KM1电路组成分析KM2KM1MKM2KM1SQ1RR1R2串励直流电动机（作伺服电动机）他励式能耗制动控制电路KM1SB2KM1KM2L+L-KM2SB1SQ2R3串励直流电动机（作伺服电动机）他励式能耗制动控制电路QFKM2KM1合上电源开关QFKM2KM1MKM2KM1SQ1RR1R2KM1SB2KM1KM2L+L-KM2SB1SQ2R3串励直流电动机（作伺服电动机）他励式能耗制动控制电路QFKM2KM1按下SB1KM2KM1MKM2KM1SQ1RR1R2KM1SB2KM1KM2L+L-KM2SB1SQ2R3串励直流电动机（作伺服电动机）他励式能耗制动控制电路QFKM2KM1松开SB1KM2KM1MKM2KM1SQ1RR1R2KM1SB2KM1KM2L+L-KM2SB1SQ2R3串励直流电动机（作伺服电动机）他励式能耗制动控制电路QFKM2KM1按下SB2KM2KM1MKM2KM1SQ1RR1R22.串励直流电动机反接制动控制电路(1)位能负载时转速反向法这种方法就是强迫电动机的转速反向，使电动机的转速方向与电磁转矩的方向相反，以实现制动。KM1KML+L-RBQFKM2电路组成分析MR1R2（2）电枢直接反接法KM1KM2KM3KM4KM5KVKT2KT1KA2KA1KVKAAC前后KAI＞KT2KT1KM3KM4KM5KA2KA1KM2KM2KM1KM1KMKMKM1KML+L-RBQFKM2合上电源开关QFAC手柄置“0”位置MR1R2KM1KM2KM3KM4KM5KVKT2KT1KA2KA1KVKAAC前后KAI＞KT2KT1KM3KM4KM5KA2KA1KM2KM2KM1KM1KMKMKM1KML+L-RBQFKM2电动机正转:AC手柄置“前”位置，KM,KM1线圈得电动作,电动机串联电阻起动MR1R2KM1KM2KM3KM4KM5KVKT2KT1KA2KA1KVKAAC前１０后１KAI＞KT2KT1KM3KM4KM5KA2KA1KM2KM2KM1KM1KMKMKM1KML+L-RBQFKM2KM1动合辅助触头闭合，KA1线圈得电电阻RB被除数短路MR1R2KM1KM2KM3KM4KM5KVKT2KT1KA2KA1KVKAAC前１０后１KAI＞KT2KT1KM3KM4KM5KA2KA1KM2KM2KM1KM1KMKMKM1KML+L-RBQFKM2KT1线圈失电其动断触头延时闭合，KM4线圈得电MR1R2KM1KM2KM3KM4KM5KVKT2KT1KA2KA1KVKAAC前１０后１KAI＞KT2KT1KM3KM4KM5KA2KA1KM2KM2KM1KM1KMKMKM1KML+L-RBQFKM2KT2线圈失电其动断触头延时闭合，KM5线圈得电电动机起动完毕，正常运行MR1R2KM1KM2KM3KM4KM5KVKT2KT1KA2KA1KVKAAC前１