中国社会科学院考博英语历年真题详解

1998年中国社会科学院考博英语真题及详解PARTⅠ VOCABULARY(15POINTS)SectionADirections:Onyouranswersheet,circletheanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.1.Thedaywascrispandsharp,butsuddenlyamistyrainbegantofalland_____thelandscape.A.hidB.blurredC.relievedD.belittled【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：突然的一阵大雨使整个风景都变得一片模糊。blur把…弄模糊，使看不清。hide隐瞒，掩饰。relieve减轻、解除痛苦或忧愁。belittle使显得微小，缩小。2._____thiscomingThursday,itwillbetoolatetoenrolforthecourse.A.AsofB.AsforC.AstoD.Ason【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：过了这个星期四，就不能再报名这个课程了。asof自从，自…起。asfor关于，至于。asto关于，至于。3.Thosewholetuncertainty_____rarelyachievemuch.A.turnthemdownB.sendthemdownC.weighthemdownD.huddledown【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：那些被不确定性因素打败的人少有成就。turndown拒绝，把…调低。senddown使下降，把…向下发送。weighdown使疲惫不堪，使沮丧。huddledown挤作一团，使蜷缩。4.Thespeakerwentonandon,_____tohislisteners’obviousboredom.A.obligatedB.obsessiveC.obviousD.oblivious【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：演说者一直说，没有察觉到听众们明显的厌烦。obligated强制性的，有责任的。obsessive引起成见的，强迫性的。oblivious没有察觉到。5.Such_____asself-respectandindustriousnessmeritthefullbackingofanemployer.A.advantagesB.traitsC.interestsD.shortcomings【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：自尊和勤奋这样的优点得到老板的赏识。advantage优点，有利条件。trait特性，特点。shortcoming缺点，短处。6.Thepoliceinspector,havingreceivednewinformationfromaconfidentialsource,decidedtoenlargethe_____ofhisenquiry.A.scopeB.magnitudeC.dimensionD.volume【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：检察官在得到机密信息后决定扩大他的询问范畴。scope范围，范畴。magnitude大小，幅度。dimension尺寸，尺度。volume体积，容量。7.AnintelligentTVviewermayoccasionallybecomeenragedbythe_____argumentationincommercials.A.imperativeB.fallaciousC.persuasiveD.fabulous【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：电视观众可能偶尔会被一些商业性的游说激怒。imperative紧急的，迫切的。fallacious靠不住的，不合逻辑的。persuasive劝诱的，善于游说的。fabulous难以置信的，奇异的。8._____fleesifoneisconstantlysubjectedtodemeaningorders.A.PrimeB.HarassmentC.ConceitD.Pride【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：如果总是面对苛刻的要求，那么一个人的自负可会没有了。conceit自负，自大。prime青春，精华。harassment侵扰，折磨。pride自豪，骄傲。9._____popularityofsubjectmatterandfrequencyofuse,thebooksonthetwomiddleshelveswillbethemosthelpfultoyou.A.AsofB.AsregardsC.AsfromD.Asagainst【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：考虑到主题的常用性和流行性，中间两层书架上的书会对你帮助最大。asof自从，自…起。asregards考虑到。asfrom从…时起。asagainst与…比较。10.Iwas_____inmyreading,anddidn’tatfirsthearthedoorbellring.A.immuredB.immersedC.busyD.infatuated【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：我沉浸在书本中，开始根本就没听见门铃。immure禁闭，监禁。immerse沉浸于，沉溺于。infatuate使冲昏头脑，使迷恋。11.Theirchancesofwinningareslight,giventhattheiropponentsareso_____.A.well-knownB.vitalC.formidableD.distinguished【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：他们获胜的机率很小，因为他们的对手是那么难以对付。vital极为重要的，关系重大的。formidable难对付的，难以克服的。distinguished超群的，出众的。12.WhenIreachhomeafteranimpossibleday’swork,Ifeelageneral_____towatchTV.A.inducementB.intentionC.inclinationD.interest【答案】C查看答案【解析】inducement动机，诱因。intention意图，目的。inclination意愿，意向。13.Fallenelectriclines,rubble,ruinsandtheoccasional_____house-suchisthedestructionwroughtbythewar.A.neglectedB.desolateC.tragicD.chopped【答案】B查看答案【解析】neglected被忽视的。desolate无人居住的，荒芜的。tragic悲惨的，不幸的。chopped砍倒的，剁碎的。14.Geographicilliteracyiswidespread,andhardlyamonthpasseswithout_____fromsomesurveyrevealingnewdepthsofignorance.A.wordsB.awordC.wordD.theword【答案】C查看答案【解析】word作“消息”讲时为不可数名词，不能用冠词修饰。15.Ofcourseitispossiblethatthenewpolicymayhavesomeadverseeffects,butitisour_____thatthesewillbenegligible.A.constitutionB.conditionC.convictionD.considering【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：新政策当然会有一些负面影响，但是我们坚信这些影响是很小的，可以被忽略。constitution法规，章程。conviction坚信，深信。SectionBDirections:OnyourAnswerSheet,circletheletterthatistheclosestsynonymtotheunderlinedword.16.Serialmurderersrarelydeviatefromacertaintypeofprey.A.attackerB.nourishmentC.victimD.enemy【答案】C查看答案【解析】prey受害的人，牺牲者。victim受害者，遭难者，意思与之符合。attacker攻击者。nourishment营养品，食品。enemy敌人，仇敌。17.ThenewguppiesIboughthavejustatingeofyellow.A.dotB.markC.touchD.tingle【答案】C查看答案【解析】tinge一点点，淡淡的颜色。touch少许，微量，意思与之符合。dot点。tingle刺痛感觉。18.Hecoveredthefishlavishlywithsauce.A.sparinglyB.completelyC.generouslyD.simply【答案】C查看答案【解析】lavishly过多地，大量地。sparingly爱惜地，节制地。generously大量的，丰富地。19.Machiavellicautionstheprincenottorelinquishpowerandpassingduress.A.gainB.holdC.controlD.abandon【答案】D查看答案【解析】relinquish放弃。abandon抛弃，舍弃。20.Theplaywashilarious!A.amerryoneB.aprudishoneC.sedateD.prodigious【答案】A查看答案【解析】hilarious热闹的，狂欢的。merry愉快的，欢乐的。prudish装正经的，过分规矩的。sedate肃静的，恬静的。prodigious巨大的，庞大的。21.TheSalkpoliovaccineprovidesimmunityfromthatdisease.A.securityB.publicityC.liabilityD.avast【答案】A查看答案【解析】immunity免疫，免疫力，不受…影响。security保护，防御，意思与之接近。publicity宣传，推广。liability责任，义务。22.TheSmithsonianhousesamiscellaneouscollectionofaircraft,artifacts,butterflies,stonesbothpreciousandcommon,andsoon.A.aheterogeneousB.anoverwhelmingC.aunifiedD.avast【答案】A查看答案【解析】miscellaneous不同种类的，混杂的。heterogeneous混杂的，由不同部分组成的，意思符合。overwhelming压倒性的，势不可挡的。unified统一的，一元化的。23.Thejunglesofthesub-Sahara,afflictedwithtes-tseandmosquitos,isanunhealthyarea.A.requiringinoculationagainstB.heatedbyC.floodedbyD.plaguedby【答案】D查看答案【解析】afflict受…苦恼、折磨。requireinoculationagainst需要给…注射预防…的疫苗。plague折磨，使苦恼。24.Heisconstantlylate,andill-preparedwhenhedoesfinallyarrive.Heisjeopardizinghisfuture.A.developingB.endangeringC.assuringD.destroying【答案】B查看答案【解析】jeopardize使处于危险之中，危及。endanger使遭到危险，危及。assure保证，担保。25.Chaostheorystressesthemagnitudeoftheresultsproducedbysosmallaneventastheflutteringofabutterfly’swings.A.sizeB.volumeC.resultD.fame【答案】A查看答案【解析】magnitude数量，大小。size大小，规模。volume体积，容量。26.Theancillarydata,however,didnotsubstantiatehisargument.A.necessaryB.involuntaryC.subsidiaryD.extraordinary【答案】C查看答案【解析】ancillary辅助的，附属的。involuntary无意识的，不自觉的。subsidiary辅助的，补充的。27.Subsequenteventsvindicatedherpointofview.A.provedwrongB.indicatedC.provedrightD.invalidated【答案】C查看答案【解析】vindicate为…辩护，证明…正当。indicate表明，显示。proveright证实是正确的。invalidate使无效，使作废。28.Rheniumisaddedasanalloyinasmuchasitwithstandsheat.A.dischargesB.resistsC.reducesD.opposes【答案】B查看答案【解析】withstand经得住。discharge放出，排出。resist抵抗，耐得住。29.At70,shehardlyseemscut-outformountainclimbing.A.chosenforB.fondofC.likelytoenjoyD.fitfor【答案】D查看答案【解析】cutoutfor适宜于…，天生是干…的。fondof喜欢…，爱好…。fitfor适宜于。30.Theelevatedroadwaycollapsed.Thiscalamitycouldhavebeenavoidedhadthemunicipalityallocatedfundsforinfrastructure.A.consequenceB.eventC.disasterD.thing【答案】C查看答案【解析】calamity灾难，祸患。disaster灾难，灾祸。PARTⅡGRAMMAR(15POINTS)SectionADirections:Onyouranswersheet,circletheletterthatbestcompletesthesentence.31.Nowthatinscientificcommunitiestheuseofcomputersiswidespread,andsupposingthatthereissufficienttime,thereexistnocomplicatedproblem_____canbeaddressedwithsomehopeofresolution.A.andB.butC.asD.which【答案】B查看答案【解析】but在句中相当于not。句意为：将不会再有没有希望解决的问题。32.OutoftheelementaryplanegeometrydevelopedbytheGreeks_____weusetoday.A.thetheoreticalgeometryevolutionB.evolvedthetheoreticalgeometryC.theevolutionoftheoreticalgeometrycameD.thetheoreticalgeometrycame【答案】B查看答案【解析】“out”介词置于句首时句子应该倒装。33.Wehadtogomilestofindarestaurant,it_____aholiday.A.beingB.wasC.tobeD.is【答案】A查看答案【解析】being在句中作伴随状语，it是分词的逻辑主语。34.Agoodindicationof_____hefollowedtheteacher’sadvicewasthathefailed.A.whatlittleB.howeverlittleC.howlittleD.whateverlittle【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：他的失败很好地反映出他对老师的劝告听进去的是多么的少。35.Noneoftheday’stransactions,_____salesordelivery,cameoffwell.A.fromB.itbeingC.beitD.wasit【答案】C查看答案【解析】本句为让步状语从句，应该选C。36.Thetrafficwasveryheavy,_____,andsowearrivedafterthestartoftheprogram.A.thiswascompletelyunexpectedB.whichwascompletelyunexpectedC.thatwascompletelyunexpectedD.itwascompletelyunexpected【答案】B查看答案【解析】所填的句子是非限定性定语从句，只能用which引导，指代整个句子的内容。37._____,hefindstheworkinteresting.A.ThoughheiscomputerexpertB.AcomputerexpertheisC.AscomputerexpertD.Computerexpertasheis【答案】D查看答案【解析】“as”引导的从句在句首时，可以将表语前置，形成倒装，表示让步。38._____,heneveraltersadecision.A.WhatmaycomeB.MaywhatcomeC.ComewhatmayD.Maycomewhatever【答案】C查看答案【解析】谓语动词come提前，表示让步，相当于nomatterwhatmaycome。39.“Thecarranoutofgas!”“That_____thecause.Ifilledthetankthismorning.”A.mustn’tbeB.musthavebeenC.canbeD.can’thavebeen【答案】D查看答案【解析】can’thavebeen是对现在事实的否定推测。musthavebeen对过去事实的肯定猜测。40.Theirproposalisbetterthanours,_____.A.allthingsconsideringB.allthingsconsideredC.allthingsareconsideredD.allconsideredthings【答案】B查看答案【解析】分词独立结构作状语，allthings作consider的逻辑主语。41.Unless_____tobendsomehow,perhapswiththehelpofamirrorlightonlytravelsstraightahead.A.youmakeB.tobemadeC.ismadeD.made【答案】D查看答案【解析】“light”被改变方向应该用被动语态。所填部分是省略句，原句为lightwasmadeto…。42.Theslothissonamedforitsinactivity,_____itsgreatestenergyinthesearchforfood.A.itexpendsB.forexpendingC.toexpendD.anditexpends【答案】D查看答案【解析】anditexpends与issonamed为并列结构。43.Althoughmostfoodstuffsenterthebloodstreamonlyafterbeingsubjectedtothedigestiveprocessbeginninginthestomach,alcoholishighlyunusual_____atleastone-fifthofthequantityingestedisdirectlyabsorbed.A.sothatB.inthatC.thatD.inwhich【答案】B查看答案【解析】inthat=because。44._____,wewillleavewithouther.A.IfsheweretofailtocomeontimeB.SheshouldfailtocomeontimeC.ShouldshefailtocomeontimeD.Wouldshefailtocomeontime【答案】C查看答案【解析】本句是对将来发生事情的虚拟。if的虚拟条件句将动词提到句首，形成倒装。45.Myphonecalltotheelectrician_____asIsubsequentlydiscoveredmywifehadphoned.A.needn’tbemadeB.shouldn’tbemadeC.needn’thavebeenmadeD.didn’thavetobe【答案】C查看答案【解析】本句话是对过去发生事情的虚拟，表示本不必要做什么，而实际上却做了。SectionBDirections:Inthesentencesbelow,eitherA,B,CorDistheincorrectgrammaticalformforthesentence,picktheincorrectformasyouranswer,andonyouranswersheet,circlethecorrespondingletter.46.TheMercandiserwidgetissonamedbecauseitisbelievedtobediscoveredbyAlbertMercandiser,aDutchmanbybirth.A.soB.isbelievedC.tobediscoveredD.by【答案】C查看答案【解析】改为tohavebeendiscovered。“发现该地”是完成的动作，应该用完成时态。47.Althoughthecityacquiredmodernizationsofamorerecentkindduringthetwentiethcentury,itspresentappearancetookshapesduringthenineteenth.A.amorerecentB.itsC.tookshapesD.thenineteenth【答案】C查看答案【解析】改为tookshape。固定搭配，意为：形成，成形。48.Asshegrewolderhervisionbegansporadicallytofade,sothatintermittenttimessheseldomknewwhatshewaslookingat.A.grewB.beganC.seldomD.waslooking【答案】C查看答案【解析】删去ermittent间歇的，断断续续的，与seldom重复。49.Forthegroundsthatfictionisnotobjectivelytrue,therearethosewhoobjecttoit.A.ForB.objectivelyC.areD.objectto【答案】A查看答案【解析】改为On。“ontheground(s)of/that”是固定用法，意为“因为，以…为理由”。50.AsChristmasapproached,withpeoplecrowdeddepartmentstores,restaurants,theatersandmoviehouses,thedowntownareawas,asalways,thebusiest.A.crowdedB.wasC.asalwaysD.busiest【答案】A查看答案【解析】改为crowding。People与crowd是主动关系。51.Mindyou,undernocircumstancesyouaretoallowyourchildtochangebrokenbulbsbyhimself.A.MindyouB.youareC.childD.broken【答案】B查看答案【解析】改为are。原句应为undernocircumstancesdoyoumindto。52.Today,Ifirmlybelieve,theydeliverthenewtelevision,andiftheydo,Ishallhelpyousetupthecablestations.A.believeB.deliverC.doD.shall【答案】B查看答案【解析】改为willdeliver，是对将来事情的猜测。53.Thefive-yearprojectwouldexposeeducationaldisadvantagedstudentstoexperiencesbothcreativeandenriching.A.five-yearB.exposeC.educationalD.experiences【答案】C查看答案【解析】改为exposeeducationally。副词修饰形容词disadvantaged。54.Atthemuseum,Isawvariousexhibitsofapefamilymembers,andwasparticularlystruckbyonegrouptheyhadfacesresemblinghumans.A.apefamilyB.struckC.theyhadD.faces【答案】D查看答案【解析】改为whohadfaces。who引导定语从句修饰onegroup。55.SofarthestoryisfrombeingtruethatIwassurprisedanyonecouldhavebelieveditwasso.A.thestoryisB.wassurprisedC.couldhavebelievedD.was【答案】A查看答案【解析】改为thestorywas。陈述过去事实。56.Tothemostfamousalumnaewereextendedaspecialinvitationtocelebratethefiftiethanniversaryoftheirgraduation.A.alumnaeB.wereC.aD.their【答案】B查看答案【解析】改为was。主语是aspecialinvitation。57.Whethersheisaspretty,orprettierthantheothergirlsinherofficeismoot.A.asprettyB.theC.inD.is【答案】A查看答案【解析】改为asprettyas。58.Butfortheservicesprovidedbyinsect-eaters,insectswillmakeitimpossibletolive.A.ButforB.insect-eatersC.willD.it【答案】C查看答案【解析】改为would。“butfor”引导的是虚拟语气句。59.Unlessthosecurrentlyworking—bothmenandwomen—wouldbegiventhenecessarytrainingforsomewhathigherpositions,unemploymentingeneralwillbecomeincreasinglymoreseriousasautomationcontinues.A.wouldbegivenB.necessaryC.increasinglyD.continues【答案】A查看答案【解析】改为aretobegiven。条件状语从句中应该用一般将来时，或者一般现在时表将来。60.Improvedagro-technologyrendereditfeasibleforfarmorepeopletobefedpersquareunitthancanbefedontheproduceformerlyavailableinthesamearea.A.itfeasibleB.befedC.canD.the【答案】C查看答案【解析】改为to。比较级前后两个对比部分结构要一致。Part

IIICloze(10POINTS)Directions:Chooseasyouranswerthewordthatbestfitstheblank.Onyouranswersheet,circlethecorrespondingletter.ThereisnoquestionbutthatNewtonwasahighlycompetentMinisteroftheMint.Itwasmainlythroughhisefforts(61)_____theEnglishcurrencywasputon(62)_____satisfactorybasisatadifficulttime.(63)_____discoveredarelationshipbetweenpricesand(64)_____amountofmoneyincirculation,which(65)_____laterformalizedintheso-called“quality(66)_____”ofmoney:iftheamountof(67)_____incirculationisdoubled—otherthings(68)_____thesame—thenpricesalsowill(69)_____double.Thisisasimpleapplication(70)_____theprinciplethatitisimpossible(71)_____getsomethingfornothing,butapparently(72)_____tooksomeonelikeNewtontodiscoverit.There(73)_____anobviouscomparisonwithCopernicus,who(74)_____thePolishgovernmentoncurrencyquestions(75)_____indoingsodiscoveredanotherimportant(76)_____(usuallyknownasGresham’sLaw):when(77)_____moneyisacceptedaslegaltender,(78)_____moneywillbedrivenoutof(79)_____.CopernicusanticipatedGreshamintheformulation(80)_____thislaw.61.A.whichB.whyC.thatD.for62.A.aB.veryC.theD.most63.A.ItB.HeC.WasD.We64.A.anB.theirC.theD.big65.A.tooB.wasC.theyD.has66.A.theoryB.themC.thesisD.proposal67.A.coinsB.currencyC.billsD.gold68.A.stayB.muchC.remainingD.be69.A.comeB.seemC.multiplyD.approximately70.A.forB.ofC.callingD.by71.A.ourB.toC.forD.we72.A.theyB.hadC.itD.he73.A.isB.comesC.beD.with74.A.talkedB.advisedC.formedD.created75.A.fromB.butC.andD.by76.A.trueB.legendC.themeD.law77.A.muchB.foreignC.badD.lawful78.A.goodB.muchC.badD.some79.A.workB.functionC.marketingD.circulation80.A.forB.byC.ofD.to【答案与解析】61.C 本句是个强调句型，强调的是“throughhisefforts”。62.C onthebasisof固定搭配，意为“在…基础上，根据…”。63.B 根据前后句子可知，本句话的主语应该是Newton。64.C 本句话是说发现价格与货币量的关系，是特定范围内的数目。65.D 本句话是“relationship”的非限定性定语从句；句子表达的是一个对现在还有影响的动作，应该用完成时态。66.A theory理论，学说。thesis论题，论文。proposal提议，建议。67.B coin硬币。currency通货，货币bill纸币，钞票。前面句子中也提到过theEnglishcurrency。应该选“currency”。68.C 现在分词作伴随状语。69.D 句意：如果流通货币的数量成倍增加，那么价格也会近似地成倍增加。70.B applicationfor正式申请…，书面申请。applicationof…的应用。71.B it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。72.C it在这里指的是asimpleapplication。73.A anobviouscomparison是主语。74.B 建议，劝告波兰政府这么做。75.C 并列连词and连接两个句子。76.D 根后面的“usuallyknownasGresham’slaw”可知，应该选“law”。77.C 根据后面的“legaltender(法定货币)”可知，所填之词应该为贬义。应该选“bad”。78.A 根据前后句子可知，所填之词是“bad”的反义词。应该选“good”。79.D 全文都是在讲流通领域的货币问题。应该选“circulation”。80.C 与formulation搭配的介词是of。PartⅣ READINGCOMPREHENSION(30POINTS)Directions:Readeachpassageandanswerallthequestionsthatfollowthepassage.Onyouranswersheet,circletheletterthatbestanswersthequestion.PassageOneThereislittlequestionthatsubstantiallabor-marketdifferencesexistbetweenmenandwomen.Amongthemostresearcheddifferenceisthemale-femalewagegap.Manydifferenttheoriesareusedtoexplainwhymenearnmorethanwomen.Onepossiblereasonisbasedonthelimitedgeographicalmobilityofmarriedwomen(RobertFrank,1978).Familymobilityisajointdecisioninwhichtheneedsofthehusbandandwifearebalancedtomaximizefamilywelfare.Job-motivatedrelocationsaregenerallymadetobenefittheprimaryearnerinthefamily.Thisleadstoaconstrainedjobsearchforthesecondaryearner,asheorshemustsearchforajobinalimitedgeographicarea.Sincethehusbandisstilltheprimarywageearnerinmanyfamilies,thejobsearchofthewifemaysuffer.Individualswhoaretiedtoacertainareaarelabeled‘tied-stayers,’whilesecondaryearnerswhomoveforthebenefitofthefamilyarelabeledtied-movers(JacobMincer,1978).Thewagesofatied-stayerortied-movermaynotbesubstantiallylowerifthefamilylivesinormovestoalargecity.Ifalargelabormarkethasmorevacancies,thewifemaylocateawageoffernearthemaximumshewouldfindwithanation-widesearch.However,beingatied-stayerortied-movercanlowerthewife’swageifthefamilylivesinormovestoasmallcommunity.Asmalllabormarketwillreducethelikelihoodofherfindingajobthatutilizesherskills.Asaresultshemayacceptajobforwhichsheisoverqualifiedandthusearnalowerwage.ThishypothesizedrelationshipbetweenthelikelihoodofbeingoverqualifiedandSMSAsizeistermed“differentialoverqualification.”Frank(1978)andHaimOfekandYesookMerrill(1994)providesupportforthetheoryofdifferentialoverqualificationbyfindingthatthemale-femalewagegapisgreaterinsmallerSMSA’s.Whiletheresultsareconsistentwiththeexistenceofdifferentialoverqualification,theymayalsoresultfromothersituationsaswell.Firmsinsmalllabormarketsmayusetheirmonopsonypowertokeepwagesdown.Localdemandshocksarefoundtobeamajorsourceofwagevariationbothacrossandwithinlocallabormarkets(RobertTopel,1986).Sincelargelabormarketsaregenerallymorediversified,ademandshockcanhaveasubstantialimpactonimmobileworkersinsmalllabormarkets.Anotherreasonforexaminingdifferentialoverqualificationinvolvestheassumptionthattherearemorevacanciesinlargelabormarkets.Whilethereislittledoubtthatmorevacanciesexistinlargelabormarkets,therearealsolikelytobemorepeoplesearchingforjobsinlargelabormarkets,ifthegreaternumberofvacanciesisoffsetbythelargernumberofsearchers,itisunclearwhetherwomenwillbemorelikelytobeoverqualifiedinsmalllabormarkets.Insteadofrelyingonwagestodetermineifdifferentialoverqualificationexists,weconsideranexplicitformofoverqualificationbasedoneducation.81.Intheauthor’sopinion,themale-femalewagegap_____.A.isthemostimportantdifferenceB.isjustifiedC.hasimportantrepercussionsonfamilylifeD.issimplyoneofaconsiderablenumberoflabor-marketdifferences82.“Geographicmobility,”asusedinthetext,refersto_____.A.thewayinwhichAmericanstendtomovefromjobtojobB.thepenchantwage-earnershavetomaximizefamilywelfareC.thenecessitytorelocateinordertoincreasewagesD.alloftheabove83.Intheauthor’sopinion,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Theterm“secondaryearner”doesnotdependongender.B.IfAwillearnmoremoneythanA,familywelfareismaximizedifBagreestorelocate.C.IfBwillearnmoremoneythanA,familywelfareismaximizedifAagreestorelocate.D.Alloftheabovearetrue.84.Thedifferencebetweena‘tied-stayer’anda‘tied-mover’isthat_____.A.theformeristhehusbandandthelatteristhewifeB.theprimaryearnerisforcedtosearchforworkinaspecificareawhilethesecondaryearnerisfreertoroamaboutC.theformerisobligedtoremaininanareawhilethelatterisnotD.thelatter’ssalaryisofsecondaryimportancetotheformer’ssalary85.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthoragree?A.Thesizeofthelabormarketdeterminesrecompense.B.Thesizeofthelabormarketdeterminesacquiredskillsutilization.C.Thesizeofthelabormarketdeterminestheprobabilityofmatchingskillswithappropriatewagelevel.D.Theauthorwouldagreewithalloftheabove.86.Thenamesanddatesbetweenparentheses_____.A.refertobibliographicalentriesB.explainwhodiscussedwhatandwhentheydiscusseditC.arereferencestowhattheauthorhasreadD.maybedescribedbyalloftheabove【答案与解析】81.D 从第一段Thereislittlequestion…differencesexistbetweenmenandwomen.Among…male-femalewagegap可以看出男女收入差距只是众多差异中的一个。82.C 根据第一段第五句Familymobility…thehusbandandwife…maximizefamilywelfare.可知，geographicmobility是为了提高工资的需要。83.D 选项A，B，C的内容在文章第二段都有叙述。84.D 从第一段Individualswho…certainarea…secondaryearners…arelabeledtied-movers可以看出stayer’ssalary比mover’ssalary发挥的作用重要。85.D 第二段讲到了劳动力市场的大小可以决定一个人报酬的多、对技能的要求和技能与工资水平的匹配程度。所以选项A，B，C都正确。86.D 括号里的人名，时间等一般是相关人做过的研究或者提出的观点。PassageTwoTherepressionintheNetherlands,insteadofsolvingacrucialproblem,elicitedbittercriticismfromeverymajorEuropeanstate.Albawasunrepentantabouthistoughpolicyconvincedthatthepopulationmustremaininastateoffear,“sothateveryindividualhasthefeelingthatonefinenightormorningthehousewillfallinonhim.”OftheleadingdissidentswhoescapedfromAlba’shands,onlyWilliamofOrangeremained.Tall,dark-haired,withasmallmoustacheandashortpeakedbeard,theprinceofOrange-Nassauwasagedthirty-fiveatthemomentthatfortunelefthimintheunenviableroleofdefenderofhiscountry.Acomrade-in-armsofPhilipduringthelatter’syearsabroadinmid-century,henevermadeasecretofhisconcernfortheprivilegesofhisclassorofhisdislikeforreligiousdogmatism.Widowedin1558,in1561hemarriedAnne,theLutherandaughterofthelateMauriceofSaxony.Themarriage,celebratedinLeipzig,gavehimausefullinkwiththeprincesoftheHolyRomanEmpire.WhennewscameofAlba’sdeparturefromSpain,OrangeopportunelytookrefugeinGermany.ItbecamedearthattheonlywaytoregaintheNetherlandswasbytheuseofarms.Inthecourseof1568Orangesponsoredinvasionsbyseveralsmallforces,whichenteredfromFranceandfromGermany.Allweredefeated.CapturedprisonersgavedetailsofOrange’slinkswithProtestantsinseveralcountries.TheinvasionscouldnotfailtoaffectthefateofthedistinguishedprisonersinAlba’shands.On5June1568,inthepublicsquareofBrussels,thecountsofEgmontandHomeswerebeheadedforhightreason.TheexecutionsshockedopinionthroughoutEurope.Thetwonobles,asknightsoftheGoldenFleece,couldbetriedonlybytheirpeers.ButPhilip,grandmasteroftheorder,hadclearedthewayforthetrialbyaspecialpatentwhichhehaddrawnupinApril1567andsenttoAlbainDecember.ThereisnodoubtthatPhilipconsideredEgmontresponsibleformuchofthetroubleinFlanders,butthepressureforanexemplarypunishmentcameratherfromthemembersofhiscouncil,particularly(itseems)fromcardinalEspinosa.Albahadalwaysregrettedtheneedtoarrestthetwocounts,whom“Ihavealwayslovedandesteemedasmyownbrothers.”Accordingtosome,hewasreluctanttoproceedtoexecution.PhilipwroteformallytoAlba:“Iverydeeplyregretthattheoffensesofthecountsweresoseriousthattheycalledforthepunishmentthathasbeencarriedout.”Theremorse,whichcametoolate,wasprobablysincere.Thecountswerevictimsofapoliticalcrisis.Theirnames,interestinglyenough,continuedtobeheldinhonourattheSpanishcourt.AbookontheeventsofFlanderspublishedinCastileafewyearslater,whenallbookshadtobelicensedbytheroyalcouncil,referredtothemas“outstandingprinces,well-lovedandofthehighestandfinestcharacter.”87.“Bittercriticism”iscriticismthatis_____.A.sourB.majorC.angryD.vinegary88.TherepressionintheNetherlandswasbroughtbyA.minorEuropeanstatesB.AlbaC.WilliamofOrangeD.alloftheabove89.Wemayassumethat_____.A.theprinceofOrange-NassauwasmarriedtwiceB.themarriagewaspremiseduponpoliticalconsiderationC.someoftheprincesoftheHolyRomanEmpirewereProtestantsD.alloftheabovearetrue90.Philip_____.A.travelledtovariouscountriesinthemid-16thcenturyB.wasthechiefofficeroftheknightsoftheGoldenFleeceC.wasAlba’ssuperiorD.maybedescribedbyalloftheabove91.Whichofthefollowingistree?A.Inthetext,FlandersandtheNetherlandsaretwocompletelyseparateentities.B.CardinalEspinosawasinstrumentalinswayingPhilip’scouncilC.Philipwaspersonallyopposedtothepunishment.D.Alloftheabovearetrue.92.Thedeathsofthetwocounts_____.A.werecausedmorebythepoliticalsituationthanbytheiractionsB.didnotdestroytheirreputationsinSpainC.werebroughtaboutbytheirbrother,AlbaD.maybedescribedbynoneoftheabovestatements【答案与解析】87.C bittercriticism指的是严厉愤怒的指责。88.B 根据第一段第二句Albawasunrepentantabouthistoughpolicy，可知therepressionintheNetherlands是由Alba引起的。89.D A，B，C对应原文分别为Widowedin1558,in1561hemarriedAnne；gavehimausefullinkwiththeprincesoftheHolyRomanEmpire和Orange’slinkswithProtestants。90.D 根据原文第二段和第三段内容可知，选项A，B，C的表述都与原文意思相符。所以答案为选项D。91.D 根据第二段后半部分可知，选项A，B，C的表述都是正确的。所以答案为选项D。92.B 从第三段Theirnames,…beheldinhonorattheSpanishcourt.Abookon…outstandingprinces,well-lovedandofthehighestandfinestcharacter.可以看出两位伯爵的死亡并没有损害他们在Spain的声誉。PassageThreeDespiteeffortstoprovidethemwithalternativessuchastheshelter,womenfrequentlyandrepeatedlyreturnedtoviolentandabusivepartners.Bythelate1970s,feministsatWomenTogether,likethosedoingsimilarworkthroughouttheUnitedStates,begantounderstandthatbatteredwomenexperiencearangeofpost-traumaticpsychologicalresponsestoabuse,similartothoseofvictimsofothertypesofviolenceortrauma.Subsequently,thepsychologicalresponseofbatteredwomenbecamereifiedas“batteredwomansyndrome,”asub-categoryofpost-traumaticstressdisorder.Interestingly,inthecourseoftryingtocreatesocialchange,thefocusoffeministsperceptiblyshiftedtotryingtoexplainwhybatteredwomenfailtoleavethepartnerswhobeatthem.Intryingtoaddressthisquestion,adebateensuedamongfeministsandmentalhealthworkersastopotentialmeritsandproblemsofcategorizingasmentaldisorderwhatmanyfeministslabeledanormalresponsetofearandanappropriatelyangryresponse