宾语从句表语从句 全市获奖

名词性从句：具有名词性质的从句。类型主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句NounclausesTheObjectiveClause一.概念：在句中充当宾语的从句称作宾语从句，常作动词，介词及某些形容词的宾语。1.Hedoesn’tknowwherethepostofficeis.2.HetoldmewhatIshouldread．3.Didshesayanythingabouthowweshoulddothework?4.Iwassurprisedatwhathesaid．5.I’msurethathewillcomeandjoinus.6.Heispleasedthathehaspassedthetest.7.Ithoughtitstrangethathefailedtocallme．8.Iwouldappreciateitifyoucanhelpme.①Vt.+宾从②Prep.+宾从③系动词+adj.+宾从④make/find/think等+it+宾从二.宾从的结构与类型三、连接词及其功能用法（一）、连接词的选用连接词：2.连接代词：3.连接副词：that,whether/ifwhat,which.Who,whom,whosehow,when,where,why1.①I’mworriedabout______Ihurtyourfeelings.②Idon’tknow_________hewillwinornot._______ornothewillwin.③Wediscussed______weshouldholdameeting.④Idon’tknow______toanswerherletter.whetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether总结：只用whether不用if的情况1.介词后的宾从2.whetherornot3.discusswhether-宾从4.whether+todo2.that的省略问题在vt.后宾从中一般可省略①IknowthatyouhavestudiedharderandthatyouhaveimprovedyourEnglish.②Ifinditstrangethatheshouldhavesaidthat.③Heisagoodstudentexceptthatheisalitterbitcareless.总结：1.当一个句子中有两个或更多that引导的宾从时，只有第一that可省2.由it作形宾，that不省3.介词后的宾从，that不省3.连接代词what/which/whose/whom/who①Ithink_____hesaidisright.②Thatis______Iwanttodo.③Doyouknow______heisdoing.④Irealized______sillymistakesIhadmade.⑤Shewonders______bookismoreinteresting.⑥Idon’tknow______bookitis.⑦Idon’tknow______thebookbelongsto.______willwinthegame.whatwhatwhatwhatwhichwhosewhomwho

4.连接副词when/where/how/why①Ican’tunderstand____shemarriedsuchaman.②Wehaven’tdecided_____we’regoingtotravel.③Idon’tknow_____hewillcomeback.④Weshouldthinkof_____wecandomoreforothers.⑤Youdon’tknow_____worriedIwasatthenews.总结：1.连接副词保留各自疑问含义，分别译成：when:什么时候；where:哪里；why:为什么；how:怎么，多么2.在从句中作时间，地点，方式，原因状语

how+adj./adv.一起作某个句子成分whywherewhenhowhow5.It作形式宾语在可接复合宾语的v.后：think,make,consider等①ImakeitclearthatIwasdeterminedtocarryouttheplan.②Youmaydependonitthateverythingwillbeallright.③Ithinkitbestthatyoushouldstayhere.6.宾从中的虚拟语气1.Iinsistedthathe_____(steal)mywalletandthathe__________________(send)tothepolice.2.Thebossorderedshe____________(take)partinthework.3.Herfacesuggestedthatshe______(be)ill.4.Hesuggestedthatwe______________(make)betteruseofthelibrary.5.HedemandedthatTom___________(go)thereatonce.stole(should)besent(should)takewas(should)make(should)go在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。另外,常用的还有thereasonwhy…isthat…和Itisbecause…等结构。PredicativeClauses表语从句连接词:that/whether/asif/asthough(if不引导表语从句)连接代词:what/which/who/whom/whose连接副词:when/where/why/how/because

Thequestioniswhether

wecanrelyon

him.That’sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyat

thattime.Helookedas

ifhewasgoingtocry.That’swhyIwaslate.注意：在表语从句中,表“是否”时,只能用“whether”不能用“if”。2.一般情况下，“that”不能省。3.Itis/wasbecause…Itis/waswhy…4.Thereason(why…/for…)is/wasthat…5.Thereasonisbecause/why…that….高考链接Withouthissupport,wecouldn’tbe________

wearenow.Thisis

myfatherhastaughtme---alwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.Byboatistheonlywaytogethere,whichis_______wearrived.Themostpleasantthingoftherainyseasonis______onecanbeentirelyfreefromdust.Thegoldmedalwillbeawardedto_________

winsthefirstplaceinthebicyclerace.单句填空(近四年高考题）wherewhathowthatwhoever6.Sheaskedme

Ihadreturnedthebookstothelibrary,andIadmittedthatIhadn’t.7.Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree-linedstreet,notknowing

shewasheading.8.Itrulybelieve

beautycomesfromwithin.9.Wemustfindout

Karliscoming,sowecanbookaroomforhim.whether/ifwherethatwhen11.

LiBai,agreatChinesepoet,wasbornisknowntothepublic,butsomewon’tacceptit.12.Themanagerputforwardasuggestion_______weshouldhaveanassistant.Thereistoomuchworktodo.Wherethat1)Thathewillsucceed

iscertain.2)Whetherhewillgothere

isnotknown.3)Whathesaid

isnottrue.4)Wherehehidthemoney

istobefoundout.5)Whoevercomes

iswelcome.

It’scertainthathewillsucceed.7)Howwecanhelpthetwins

willbediscussed

atthemeeting.8)Whenthey’llstarttheproject

hasnotbeen

decidedyet.三、SubjectClause主语从句重点一:主语从句后置!

为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.--It’scertainthatweshallbelate.1.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.--2.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.--注意：由连词whether,连接代词what，who，which和连接副词when，where，why，how等引导,也常常后置。Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance.It’sknowntoallthattheearthisround.It的用法:(形式主语)It’spossible/important/necessary/clear…that...……很可能/重要的是……/必要的是……/很清楚……It’ssaid/reported…that...据说/据报道……It’sbeenannounced/declaredthat...已经通知/宣布……Itseems/appears/happens...that…显然、明显、碰巧……It’snowonderthat…并不奇怪/无疑……It’sapity/afact/acommonknowledge

(众所周知)/acommonsaying...(俗话说)that…what引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如：主语、宾语、表语。而that则不然，它在句子中只起连接作用。例如：(1)What

yousaidyesterdayisright. (2)Thatsheisstillaliveisapuzzle.注意:主语从句中,谓语动词一般用单数；what引导的主语从句,可根据表语决定。Whatheneedsisthatbook.Whatheneedsaresomebooks.重点二：what与that引导主语从句

由that引导:that无意义,后接一个完整的句子。that不可省。1.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.2.______________________isknowntoall.

3._________________________isapity.

ThattheearthisroundThatyoumissedthechance总结：Whatyouleftareonlyseveraloldbooks.Whatyousaidisofgreatimportance.Whathesaysanddoesdoesn’tconcernme.Whathesaysanddoesdon’tagree.1.“if”不能引导主语从句,应由“whether”引导。2.主语从句的“that”一般不能省。3.“what”引导主语从句时,谓语动词:1)常与其后的名词作表语一致

2)根据句子的语境而定。Hesaidthetextwasveryimportantandweshouldlearnitbyheart.2.Myworryisthathecangetthereontime.3.Thereasonwhyhefailedwasbecausehehadn’tstudiedhard.4.Whatweneedaretime.5.Herearetwobooks.Youcantakewhateveryouwant.isthatwhetherthatwhichever改错。1.Hetoldme__________hewouldgotocollegethenextyear.2.Idon’tknow__________therewillbeabus.3.Ireallydon’tknow___________youshoulddependonifyoudon’tdependonyourparents.用适当的词填空，使下列宾语从句和表语从句意思完整。that/不填if/whetherwhom/who4.Hedidn’ttellme_______hewouldcomebackfromShanghainexttime.5.Letmeknow_______trainyou’llbearrivingon.6.Canyouworkout______muchwewillspendduringthetrip?7.Makesure_____therearenomistakesinyourpapersbeforeyouturnthemin.whenwhichhowthat8.Wethinkitnecessary_____wetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.9.Tomisverylazy.Thatis____hedidn’tpasstheexam.10.Thisis___________wefoundthestrangetrees.11.Myideais_____weshouldalldoourbesttodoeverythingwell.thatwhywhere/howthat四.Nounclausesastheappositive

1.同位语从句含义同位语从句在句中充当同位语从句成分,其一般跟在一些抽象名词(idea;belief;fact;truth;problem;news

等)后面,对名词作进一步解释说明。

结构:n.+连接词+从句同位语从句常用that引导或用连接副词when/where/why/how/whether注:1.同位语从句多用that引导;2.在havenoidea之后常用wh-引导同位语从句。Ihavenoidea

wherehehasgone.Ihavenoidea

when

he

did

it.Ihavenoidea

what

he

did.Theidea

thatcomputerscanrecognizehuman

voicessurprisesmanypeople.2)Sydneykepthis

promise

thathewouldalways

doanythinghecouldforLucietomakesure

ofherhappiness.同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系,对其内容作进一步说明。如：I’vecomefromMrWangwithamessagethathewon’tbeabletoseeyouthisafternoon.我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。Wehaven’tyetsettledthequestionwhere

wearegoingtospendoursummervacation.到哪儿去度暑假,这个问题我们还没有决定。Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestoitornot.他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。

2.同位语从句的引导词①如果同位语从句意义完整,则用that引导。that不充当任何成分,只起连接作用。如：Thegeneralgavetheorderthatthesoldiersshouldcrosstheriveratonce.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。(thesoldiersshouldcrosstheriveratonce是theorder的全部内容,且意义完整，因此应用that引导同位语从句)②如果同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“是否”的含义,则应该用whether引导。如：We’lldiscusstheproblemwhetherthesportsmeetingwillbeheldontime.我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。注意:if不能引导同位语从句。

③如果同位语从句意义不完整,需增加“什么时候”、“什么地点”、“什么方式”等含义,应该用when,where,how等词引导。如：Ihave

noideawhenChaplin’sfilmwillbeon.我不知道卓别林的电影什么时候放映。Ihavenoimpression

howhewenthome,perhapsbybike.我记不清他是怎样回家的,或许是骑自行车回去的。

④当主句的谓语较短,而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。如：The

thoughtcametohimthatmaybetheenemyhadfledthecity.他突然想到敌人可能已经逃出城了。Severalyearslater,wordcamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspectthem.几年以后,有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视察他们。区分同位语从句和定语从句时,可以在先行词与从句之间加一个系动词be,使之构成一个新句子,如果句子通顺且符合逻辑,则为同位语从句,反之,则为定语从句。如：Thereportthathewasgoingtoresignwasfalse.他将辞职的传闻是假的。本句中,先行词与从句之间加上一个be后为：Thereportwasthathewasgoingtoresign.因为该句句意通顺,所以thathewasgoingtoresign是同位语从句。3.同位语从句和定语从句的区别Ihaveheardthenewsthathevisitedourfactory.Ihaveheardthenewsthathetoldyoutheotherday.同位语从句和定语从句简易区别法：1)同位语从句——that只起连接作用,不作任何成分。定语从句——that是关系代词,起连接作用和充当宾语和主语。2)同位语从句——同位语从句和前面的名词是同位关系,

对名词进行补充说明。定语从句——定从和前面的名词是所属关系,

对名词进行修饰,加以限定。3)同位语从句——that不能省。定语从句——that在从句中作宾语时,可以省。1)从词类上区别

同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定内涵的名词,而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或是整个主句。

Hetoldmethenews

thathewouldcomehomefromaboardsoon.

Wordcamethathehadbeenabroad.

据说他已经出国了。

Ourteamhaswonthegame,whichmadeusveryhappy.

我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴。

(定语从句)

(同位语从句)2)从性质上区别定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴,如:

Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthe

gamewastrue.

我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。

(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息)

Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywastrue.

昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。

(定语从句,news在从句中作told的宾语)

3)从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别有些引导词如how,whether,what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句。如:Thatquestionwhetherweneedithasnotbeenconsidered.

我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。

(同位语从句)引导词that引导定语从句时,在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替),并且作宾语时常常省略,that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替,如:Theorderthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroupswasreceivedyesterday.我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了。(同位语从句,是对order的具体解释,that虽不作成分,但不能省略)

Theorderthatwereceivedyesterdaywasthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroups.

我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组。(定语从句,是名词order的修饰语,that在从句中作received的宾语,可以省略)判断下列各句是同位语从句还是定语从句1.TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.2.

ThehopethatsheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.

3.Thefactthatsheworkshardiswellknowntousall.4.Ican’tstandtheterriblenoisethatsheiscryingloudly.同位语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句5.Weexpressedthehopethat

theyhadexpressed.

6.Weexpressedthehope

that

theywouldcome

toChinaagain.7.Theinformationhasbeenannouncedthat

moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmitted

intouniversity.

8.

Theinformationthatherevealedatthe

meetingisofgreatvalue.定语从句同位语从句同位语从句定语从句Formoreexercises,clickhere.I.在空格处填上适当的词，使下列定语从句和同位语从句完整。1.Thisisthemountainvillage_____Istayedlastyear.2.I’llneverforgetthedays_____Iworkedtogetherwithyou.3.Pleasepassmethebook_____coverisgreen.wherewhenwhoseExercises4.Isthisthereason____herefusedouroffer?5.Thepersonto_____youspokeisafamousactor.6.Shesatonthecornerofthetablenearthedoorby_____herhusbandalwaysentered.7.Thewhitefloweristheonlyone____Ireallylike.whywhomwhichthat8.Thenewswasveryexciting___ourclasshadwonthefootballmatch.9.Theyarefamiliarwiththeopinion____allmatterconsistsofatoms.10.Thequestion___________________weshallhaveameetinghasn’tbeendecided.11.Theytoldthepolicemanthefact___theyhadnothingtodowiththemurder.thatthatwhere/when/whetherthat12.Allagreedtohissuggestion___abridgeacrosstheriverbebuilt.13.Thequestion____shoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.14.Thisisouronlyrequest___this(should)besettledassoonaspossible.15.Wordcame___ourChinesewomenteamhadbeatenJapanese.thatwhothatthat1.我不知道怎样到达火车站。

IhavenoideahowIcangettotherailwaystation.2.我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。

Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.II.用同位语从句翻译下列句子。3.人们曾认为地球是宇宙的中心。

Peopleusedtoholdtheopinionthattheearthwasthecenteroftheuniverse.4.没有人对他将成为他们的老板这一事实感到高兴。

Nooneishappywiththefactthathewillbecometheirboss.5.我们何时开始工作的问题尚未决定。

Thequestionwhenwewillstarttheworkisnotdecided．

23.(2019·江苏)Scientistshaveobtainedmoreevidence

_________plasticisfindingitswayintothehumanbody.A.what B.that C.which D.where24.(2019•天津)Theopinion_________learningisalifelongprocesshasbeenexpressedbyeducationexpertsthroughouttheyears.A.which

B.that

C.what

D.how25.(2018·北京)Withouthissupport,wewouldn'tbe_____wearenow.A.how B.when C.where

D.whyBBC26.(2018·北京)Thisis_______myfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.A.how B.which C.that D.what27.(2018·天津)Thegoldmedalwillbeawardedto______

winsthefirstplaceinthebicyclerace.A.whomever B.whereverC.whoeverD.whatever28.(2018·江苏)Byboatistheonlywaytogethere,whichis

_____wearrived.A.where

B.when

C.why

D.howDCD30.(2017·天津)Sheaskedme______Ihadreturnedthebookstothelibrary,andIadmittedthatIhadn’t.A.when B.where C.whether D.what31.(2017·北京)Everyyear,_____makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.A.whatever B.whoever C.whomever D.whichever32.(2017·北京)Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree-linedstreet,notknowing______shewasheading.A.why B.where C.how D.whenCBB33.（2016•