eg test 3 passage 2阅读译文说干就干拖延症微妙艺术

'JustOr-thesubtleartof“说干就干”——拖延症的微妙Procrastination,akindofchronictime-wasting,haslongbeendismissedasaninnocuoushumanfoible.Researchersarenowbeginningamoresoberexaminationofthispractice,however,andtheremaybegoodreasonforngso:twentypercentofAmericansnowadmittosufferingfromprocrastination,afifteenpercentjumpfrom1970.Researchersarebemusedastowhatexinsthissharpriseinthefigures,butthereisnodoubtthatprocrastinationiswreakinghavoconpeople'slives.Onesideeffectisperhapsthemostpredictable:procrastinationhampersacademicandworkcommitmentsassufferersfailtomeetdeadlinesorachievetheirgoals.Butthereareothercoststoo.Inshiftingburdensofresponsibilityontoothersandrenegingontheirpromises,procrastinatorsunderminerelationshipsbothintheworkceandintheirprivaives,allofwhichtakesatollontheirwell-being.Inonestudy,overthecourseofasemester,procrastinatinguniversitystudentswerenotedtobesufferingfromnotablyweakerimmunesystems,moregastrointestinalproblems,andhigheroccurrencesofinsomniathantheirnon-procrastinatingpeers.，如今有20%的人承认他们有拖延症这一习惯，这一比例与1970但的是，拖延症正对人们的生活造成极大的破坏。拖延症最任转换到别人身上和违背承诺的过程中拖延症患者对其工作场上和私人生活中的人际关系都造成了而这些都会降低他的生活指数。一项研究表明，经过一个学期的课程，有拖延症的学生比起那些没有拖延症的学生，拥有更差的免疫系统的胃肠道，Istherehopeforprocrastinators?Everyoneadmitsit'sadifficultdemontobeat,butafewself-styledprocrastinationcoacheshavedevelopedstrategiestothatend.Althoughevidencefortheirefficacyislargelyanecdotalatthisstage,someofthesestrategiesatleastofferpromisingavenuesforfutureresearch.于其效果的在这个阶段还不够充分但至少其中的一些策略为未CareercounsellorAmySykesfocusesonthebasics.Firstly,shesays,embracepeerpressure.Manyweightlossandself-helpgroupsencourageindividualstoholdthemselvestoawidercircleoftheirpeers,andSykesbelievesthissocialsafetycanbeharnessedjustassuccessfullybyprocrastinators.Achangeinisalsoconsideredvital.'Whenwewantpeopletodosomethingforus,wereallysellittothem,'Sykesobserves.'Butwhenweneedtotourselves,wefocusonallthereasonswedon'twantto.'Instead,sheargues,weshouldpiqueourowninterestandfindwaystomakeourimportantprojectsmorebyturningthemintolittlecompetitionsorfact-findingmissions,forexample.Ifallelsefails,Sykesbelieveswemust penseourselvesforourtroubles,ideallywithlittletreatsuponfinishingatask.'Itdoesn'tneedtobebig,'shesays.'Pancakes,ahotbath,oranepisodeofyourfavouriteevisionshowcouldalldothetrick.'AmySykes非常重视基础原则。她说，首先要拥抱来自同伴的许多减肥和自助团体都鼓励个人对同伴中的人负用。同时，看法的改变也至关重要。AmySykes注意到：当想要别人为做一件事的时候，努力宣扬这件事的好处、重要性等等；但是当需要自己亲自做它的时候，却重点关注不想做它的理由。由此，她主张应该激起自己的，并设法使的任务。如果所有的方法都失败了，AmySykes也坚持认为应该为遇到的补偿自己最理想的就比如针对每完成的一个任务都款Thoughthesetipsmaybealittletoogardenvariety①forsome,othershavethoughtupmorecunningtwistsonthehumanpsyche.OnesuchapproachwasdevelopedbythecrimewriterRaymondChandler,whobuilthisstrategyonabasicyetcriticalobservation:procrastinatorsrarelysitaboutcompleyinactively,butrathertendtoengagethemselvesinusefulbutlesspressingtasks:vacuumingbehindthebed,cleaningoutthefridge,washingthewindowsandsoon.Theresultisthatthey'cheat'themselvesdistractionfromtheoriginalproject.Chandler'smethod,whichhesuccessfullyusedtohelphimselfwritedetectivestones,involvessettingasideaperiodoftimeinwhichtheprocrastinatormaydooneoftwothings:absoluynothingorworkontheprojectthatheorshewishestocomplete.Sittingstill,withoutthesatisfactionofbusyinghimselfwithlessurgenttasks,Chandlerslowlyfelttheitchoftediousmonotonysinkin.Withinfiveortenminutes,thisitchhad eintolerable,andhefeltcompelledtobeginwritinghisstories.，蒙.提出他将自己的理论建于既基础又的研究之上拖延候慢慢地感觉到一种令人厌烦的枯燥乏味，5-10分钟后，这，Anotherprocrastinator,professorofphilosophyJohnPerry,developedhisstrategyprocrastinationbasedonessentiallythesameinsightasChandler's-thatprocrastinatorsareactuallyquitegoodatng'marginallyuseful'tasks,justnotthetaskstheyreallyoughttobeng.Hethussurmisedthattheenemyofsuccessfultaskcompletionisnot,infact,thatgreatengineofproductiveactivity-procrastinationbutratherhowweorderourprojectsinthehierarchyofurgency.Ifaprocrastinatorneedstofinishanassignmentbefore8o'clockthefollowingmorning,forinstance,heislikelytofindhimselfsharpeningpencilsinstead.'Butifalltheprocrastinatorhadlefttodowastosharpensomepencils,'Perryobserves,'noonearthcouldgethimtot.'Thekeytothisapproachistorankone'spriorities,thenbumpthemosturgenttasksalittlefurtherdownandceatthetopsomepotentiallydauntingandimportant-soundingprojectswhichareultimaynotallthatessential.Ifthestudentwiththeessaydeadlinecanconvehimselfheabsoluymustreorganisehis box,orfinishreadingthatold,dustynovelheonlygothalfwaythrough,thensuddenlytheessaydeadlineisgoingtoseemafarsuperioroption.患者的策略在本质基础上和 会儿他很有可能正在悠闲地削着铅笔。JohnPerry又评：“如果要但最终又并非那样的任务放在最前面如果一个最后期限 IftheAncientGreeksstruggledwithit,andallthelifecoaches,counsellorsandmotivationalspeakersinthemodernworldareunabletoerase