2023学年完整公开课版Unit7Famousstoriesretold

Module3AtasteofliteratureUnit7FamousstoriesretoldCrossingtheRubicon_____byJamesBaldwinJamesBaldwinAspects1.BriefIntroduction2.EarlyLife3.Expatriation4.Literarycareer5.SocialandpoliticalactivismBorn：August2,1924(1924-08-02)

Harlem,NewYork,U.S.Died：December1,1987(1987-12-01)

(aged63)Saint-PauldeVence,FranceOccupation：Writer,Novelist,Poet,

Playwright,ActivistNationality：AmericanGenres：Fiction,non-fiction

JamesArthurBaldwinEarlylifeJamesattendJewishhighschoolAtage14,JamesjoinedthePentecostalChurchandbecameaPentecostalpreacher.HewasspendingmuchofhistimeinlibrariesandhadfoundhispassionforwritingLifeinGreenwichVillage:apaintergavehimtherealizationthatablackpersoncouldbeanartistWhileworkingoddjobs,hewroteshortstories,essays,andbookreviewsExpatriationDuringhisteenageyearsinHarlemandGreenwichVillage,Jamesbegantorecognizehisownhomosexuality(gay).In1948,disillusionedbyAmericanprejudiceagainstblacksandhomosexuals,BaldwinlefttheUnitedStatesanddepartedtoParis,France.AsanexpatriateinFranceformostofhislaterlife,hewasregardedasaninfluentialAfricanAmericanwriterandaninfluentialexilewriterAlthoughhespentagreatdealofhislifeabroad,JamesBaldwinalwaysremainedaquintessentiallyAmericanwriter.WhetherhewasworkinginParisorIstanbul,heneverceasedtoreflectonhisexperienceasablackmaninAmerica.Innumerousessays,novels,plays,andpublicspeeches,theeloquentvoiceofJamesBaldwinspokeofthepainandstruggleofblackAmericansandthesavingpowerofbrotherhood.LiterarycareerFirstnovel:GoTellitontheMountainFirstcollectionofessays:NotesofaNativeSon(finestwork)Secondnovel:Giovanni'sRoom

(raisedcontroversybecauseofitshomoeroticcontent)lengthyessay:DownattheCross

(talkedabouttheuneasyrelationshipbetweenChristianityandtheburgeoningBlackMuslimmovement)GoTellItontheMountainItwaspublishedin1953,anditwasanautobiographicalworkaboutgrowingupinHarlem.ThepassionanddepthwithwhichhedescribedthestrugglesofblackAmericanswasunlikeanythingthathadbeenwritten.Thoughnotinstantlyrecognizedassuch,ithaslongbeenconsideredanAmericanclassic.OtherWorksTheAmenCorner(play;1954)AnotherCountry(novel;1962)TellMeHowLongtheTrain'sBeenGone(novel;1968)NoNameintheStreet(essays;1972)IfBealeStreetCouldTalk(novel;1974)TheDevilFindsWork

(essays;1976)Jimmy'sBlues(poems;1983)LittleManLittleMan:AStoryof

Childhood(withYoranCazac,1976)CharacteristicsofworksHisnovelsandplaysfictionalizefundamentalpersonalquestionsanddilemmasamidcomplexsocialandpsychologicalpressuresthwartingtheequitableintegrationofnotonlyblacksyetalsoofmalehomosexuals—depictingaswellsomeinternalizedimpedimentstosuchindividuals'questforacceptance—namelyinhissecondnovel,Giovanni’sRoom(1956),writtenwellbeforetheequalityofhomosexualswaswidelyespousedinAmerica.

SocialandpoliticalactivismBaldwinalignedhimselfmorecloselywiththeidealsoftheCongressofRacialEquality(CORE)andtheStudentNonviolentCoordinatingCommittee(SNCC)HetravelledmanycountriesandlecturedtostudentsandwhiteliberalsabouthisracialideologyandnonviolentprogramHewoncriticalacclaimasaleadingblacknovelistandessayistinthe1950sbeforebecomingamajorspokesmanforhisraceinthecivilrightsmovementsofthe1960s.Readthefollowinghistoricaltalefromthebook.Thirtymorefamousstoriesretold,byJamesBaldwin.Answerthefollowingquestionsusingtheinformationinthehistoricaltale.WhywasJuliusCaesarsentwithhisarmyoutofItaly?HowwelldidJuliusCaesarandhisarmyserveRome?ProbablywhydidthecommonpeopleconsiderJuliusCaesarahero?WhywouldCaesarbecomethemostpowerfulmanintheworld?WhatwasoneofrewardsthatJuliusCaesar’sarmythoughtwashisdue?WhydidJuliusCaesarstopforashorttimeattheRubicon?WhydidtheSenatorsandpubicofficialsneedtohurryawaytosafety?JuliusCaesarRomangeneral,statesmanandhistorian.HeinvadedBritain,crushedthearmyofhispoliticalenemyPompey,pursuedotherenemiestoEgypt,whereheinstalledCleopatra(埃及艳后)asqueen,returnedtoRome,andwasgivenamandatebythepeopletoruleasdictatoruntilhewasmurdered.GaiusJuliusCaesar(13July100BC–15March44BC)61-60BC

Servedasgovernment60BC:HereturnedfromSpainandjoinedwithPompeyandCrassusinaloosecoalitioncalledbymodernhistorians“TheFirstTriumvirate”andbyhisenemiesatthetime“thethree-headedmonster60BCmadeapactwithPompeyandCrassus59BC:Caesarwaselectedconsul(执政官)againstheavyoppositionledbyMarcus,ashrewdandextremelyconservativepolitician.Caesarwassafefromprosecutionforsuchactionsaslongasheheldoffice,butoncehebecameaprivatecitizenagainhecouldbeprosecuted（被起诉）byhisenemiesintheSenate(参议院). 59BCgetelectedasconsulFightinginthesummers,hewouldreturntonorthernItalyinthewintersandmanipulateRomanpoliticsthroughhissupporters58BCaddingthewholeofFranceandBelgiumtotheRomanempireCaesarledathree-monthexpeditiontoBritain(itwasthefirstRomancrossingoftheEnglishChannel),buthedidnotestablishapermanentbasethere.55BCand54BCmadetwoexpeditions（远征）toBritainRomancivilwar(49-30BC).Thefinalboutofthecivilwarsofthe1stcenturyBCbeganasaconflictbetweenCaesarandPompey,previouslyallies,andbetweenthosewhoclungtotheidealofcollectivesenatorialruleandotherswholikedthesmackoffirmgovernmentintheformofadictator.ItendedwithaduelbetweenCaesar’ssurvivingpoliticalheirs.CivilwarCaesarattendedthelastmeetingoftheSenatebeforehisdeparture,heldatitstemporaryquartersintheporticoofthetheaterbuiltbyPompeytheGreat.Thesixtyconspirators,ledbyMarcusJuniusBrutus,GaiusCassiusLonginus,DecimusBrutusAlbinus,andGaiusTrebonius,cametothemeetingwithdaggersconcealedintheirtogasandstruckCaesaratleast23timesashestoodatthebaseofPompey'sstatue.LegendhasitthatCaesarsaidinGreektoBrutus,“You,too,mychild?”Afterhisdeath,allthesenatorsfled,andthreeslavescarriedhisbodyhometoCalpurniaseveralhourslater.HisdeathRetellingstoriesStoriesareoftenretoldfromgenerationtogenerationbynarrators.Suchnarratorsshouldtrytobeunbiasedandshouldbefaithfultotheoriginalstory.Atthesametime,narratorsusetheirownlanguage,andcreatenewdetailsforthestorytomakeitasinterestingaspossibletothelistener.ThefollowingisashortdescriptionofthehistoryofaChineseidiomwithasimilarmeaningto“crosstheRubicon”.Workingroupsofsix,anddiscusswhatyouknowabouttheidiomandthehistorybehindit.Ingroups,discussthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthisstoryandthestoryofJuliusCae