2021-2022学年高二英语上学期期末测试卷（全国卷通用） 01全解全析

2021-2022学年高二英语上学期期末测试卷（全国卷通用）01

英语试卷

（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡

上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听

完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1.WheredidthemanmeetLiangJingforthefirsttime?

A.Inalibrary.

B.Atahighschool.

C.Atacollege.

2.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthemovie?

A.Boring.B.Exciting.C.Moving.

3.HowmuchshouldthemanpayfortwoT-shirts?

A.$18.B.$14.C.$10.

4.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Teacherandstudent.B.Fatheranddaughter.C.Classmates.

5.Whatdidthewomanusethestampsfor?

A.Somebills.B.Somecards.C.Someletters.

第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分,满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的

A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅

读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每

段对话或独白读两遍。

听下面一段材料，回答以下小题。

6.Whatcanwelearnabouttheman?

A.Heishelpful.B.Heisgoodatbiology.C.Hegotilllastmonth.

7.Whyisthemantalkingtothewoman?

A.Toofferhelp.

B.Toborrowhernotes.

C.Toaskherhowtolearnbiology.

8.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?

A.Joinastudygroup.

B.Spendextratimeonbiology.

C.Readthetextbookbeforeclass.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

9.What'sthemaintopicoftheconversation?

A.Puttingshoesondogs.B.Buyingtoysfordogs.C,Makingvideosfordogs.

10.Whatdoesthemanthinkaboutthedoginthevideo?

A.Itlookssilly.B.Itlookspoor.C.Itlookslovely.

11.Wherewillthemangothisafternoon?

A.Toapark.B.Toastore.C.Toananimalshelter.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

12.Wheredidthemanusetoplaytennis?

A.Inaclub.B.Inastadium.C.Intheplayground.

13.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodo?

A.Gobackhome.B.Haveabreak.C.Playtennis.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

14.Whatistheweatherlikenow?

A.Windy.B.Rainy.C.Cloudy.

15.Whatwillthewomandonext?

A.Watchafootballgame.

B.Gobikingwiththeman.

C.Dosomehousework.

16.Whichteamdoesthemansupport?

A.St.Martins.B.StateCollege.C.StateYouthTeam.

听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。

17.Whatwastheman?

A.Athief.B.Apoliceman.C.Adoctor.

18.WhydidMrsWhitethinkthemanwasathief?

A.Hewastryingtoenterthehousethroughthewindow.

B.Hewascarryingherladder.

C.Helookedunkind.

19.WhatwastherelationshipbetweenMrsWhiteandtheman?

A.Goodfriends.B.Neighbors.C.Workmates.

20.Howdidthemanfeelwhenhesawthepolicemen?

A.Impatient.B.Scared.C.Surprised.

听力参考答案

1.A

【原文】

W:HowlonghaveyouknownLiangJing?

M:I'veknownherforaboutthreeyears.ImetherforthefirsttimeintheRenminLibrarywhereIusedtowork

duringthesummer.

2.A

【原文】

M:IheardthatyouwenttothemoviewithJohnsonlastnight.Wasitasgoodasyouexpected?

W:FdratherIhaddonemyhouseworkathome.

3.B

【原文】

M:ThisT-shirtisreallymystyle.Howmuchisit?

W:$9each,butyoucansave$4ifyoubuytwo.

4.B

【原文】

M:YoursisterdidpoorlyonthatMathtest.Doyouknowwhat'sgoingon?

W:Herattentioniswanderinglately.Sheisn'tworkingsohard,either.

M:Wouldyoupleasetalktoherandseeifsheneedshelp?Icanhireatutor.

5.A

【原文】

M:Canyoupassmethreestamps,please?Ineedtomailoutsomethank-youcards.

W:Hmm,IguessIusedthemallfbrthismonth'sbills.Iwanttomailaletter,anyway.Lefsgotothepostoffice.

6.C

7.B

8.A

【原文】

M:Betty,Pmhavingsuchahardtimestudyingforthisclass.MynoteshavebeenamesssinceImissedclassesof

thatweek.

W:Whydidyoumisssomanyclasses?

M:Igotabadcoldlastmonthandcouldn'tgotoschoolfbraweek.InevergotachancetogetthenotesthatI

missedfromanyoneinmybiologyclass.Anyway,doyoumindifIcopyyournotesfromthedaysImissed?

W:Idon'tminditall.

M:Thatwouldbesuchabighelp.Pmtryingtoreadthetextbook.Butthelessonsdon'tmakesensetome.

Biologyismymostdifficultsubject.SoIhavetospendextratimeonit.

W:Whydon'tyoucometothestudygroupthatacoupleofussetupforthisweek?Itmighthelpyoupreparefor

thenextweek?

M:Really?Thatwouldbegreat.

9.A

10.C

11.B

【原文】

M:Lookatthatdoginthisvideo.Itlookslikeit*sdancing.

W:Poorthing!That'sbecausepeopleputshoesonit.Dogsaren'tsupposedtowearshoes.

M:Ithinkifsgreat.Itkeepsthedog'sfeetcleanwhentheygoupforawalk.Youwouldn'tgooutsidewithout

shoeson,wouldyou?

W:I'mnotadog.Itlookssilly.

M:Idon'tthinkso.Itlooksverycute,actually.

W:TheownersputthepoordogontheInternetasifitweren'tbadenoughthattheywalkitthroughtheparklike

that.

M:Iwouldtakemydogtothestorewithshoesonthisafternoon.

W:Well,thatdoesn'tmakeitright.It'sananimal,notatoy.Peopleshouldn*tdresstheiranimalsuplikehumans

andputthemonline.

12.B

13.C

【原文】

M:Youplayedtennisfairlywell.

W:Thanks.Sodidyou.

M:Doyouoftencomeheretoplay?

W:Notveryoften.Ioftenplaywithotherteachersinourschoolplayground.Whataboutyou?

M:Icomeheretwiceaweek.Iusedtoplaywithmybrotherinastadiumnearmyhome.Buthewentabroadlast

month,soIhavetofindanewpartner.Fmluckyenoughtohavesuchagoodplayerlikeyouintheclub.

W:Thanksagain.Somuchforthebreakandanotherround?

M:OK.It'syourturntoservetheball.

14.B

15.C

16.A

【原文】

M:Howareyou,Lucy?What'sup?

W:Well,it'sraininglikemadoutsideandtheweatherreportsaysit'llbewindylatertoday,sowecan'tgobiking

likeweplanned.IthoughtwemightwatchthefootballgameonTVthisafternoon.Whatdoyouthink?

M:Soundslikeagoodidea.ButI'mgoingtotakeadvantageoftheweatherandcleanupmyroom.

W:Youjustgavemeanidea,Jim.IthinkI'Hdothesame.Mymomwillbepleased.

M:Andwecanenjoythefootballgamelater.Whichteamdoyouwanttowin?

W:IalwaysliketochooseStateCollege.SometimesStateYouthTeam.Whafsyourfavorite?

M:MydadlikesSt.MartinssoFvegrownupasafanofthem.

17.C

18.A

19.B

20.C

【原文】

MrsWhiteheardhernewneighborwho'sadoctorwouldcomeandmoveintohisnewhousenexttohers,butshe

hadneverseenhim.Onedaywhenshecameback,shesawamanwearingabrownhatanddarkglassescarrying

aladderontheshoulder.Themanputtheladderagainstthewindowofthenewhouseandwentuptobreakinto

thewindow.MrsWhitesaidtoherself,“Thic£itisathief.^^Sherangupthepoliceatonceandsoontwo

policemenappearedinfrontofthehouse.Whenthemanwastoldtohandineverythinghehadstolen,helooked

greatlysurprised.Itwasthenthatheunderstoodthereasonwhythepolicemencame.Hesaidwithasmile,"I

can'tfindmykey.Butit'sreallymynewhouse.”

第二部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

Sharon,Age22

Themostimportantthingtokeepinmindwhengoingintohighschoolistobeyourself.Besides,Idon't

knowwhatyourmiddleschoolwaslike,buthighschoolteacherwillnotcareaboutthingssuchashowmuch

homeworkyoualreadyhaveinonenight.It?sbesttojustlearntodealwiththingsandmanageyourtimewiselyso

youcanachieveeverythingyouneedto.

Frank,Aged21

Ithinkalmosteverykidfeelsbothnervousandexcitedbeforetheirfirstday.Youwillprobablyloveit.Idid.

Youshouldjoininsomesportsoractivitiesthatwillmakeyourhighschoolexperiencemoreenjoyable.Good

luck!

Eddie,Aged20

WhenIstartedhighschool,Iwasreallynervousandworriedtoo,especiallysinceIhadbeenhomeschooled

allthroughmiddleschoolanddidn'treallyknowanyone.Isupposethebestadvicewouldbetojustrelax.The

firstcoupleofdayscanbealittlebithard,butthingswillbecomeeasierbeforeyouknowit.

David,Aged19

I'mnotgoingtolie.Thefirstdayiskindfrightening.Butyou'llgetusedtoit.Don'tbeafraidofanyone;

upperclassmenwillpickonyoumoreifyouletthemknowyou'reafraid.Justtakeiteasy.Makingsomefriends

andstayingwiththemwillgreatlyhelpyougetusedtohighschoolquickly.Afterthefirstweekit'sreallynotbad

atall.Don'tworry.

21.Whatcanweinfer（推断出）fromSharonabouthighschool?

A.Teachersarequitestrict.

B.Studentsoftenstayupatnight.

C.Teachersprovidelittlecarefbrstudents.

D.Studentsshouldmakegooduseoftheirtime.

22.HowdidEddiefeelonhisfirstdayofhighschool?

A.excited.B.bored.

C.relaxed.D.nervousandworried.

23.Whomentionstheimportanceoffriends?

A.Frank.B.David.

C.Sharon.D.Eddie.

【答案】这是一篇应用文。介绍了几个学生对高中学习的感受、经历和建议。

21.D

推理判断题。根据第一段Sharon,Age22下列段落中"It'sbesttojustlearntodealwiththingsandmanageyour

timewiselysoyoucanachieveeverythingyouneedto.（最好是学会处理事情，明智地管理你的时间，这样你

就能实现你需要的一切。厂可以推知，Sharon认为高中学生应该充分利用他们的时间。故选D项。

22.D

细节理解题。根据Eddie,Aged20下歹I」段落中“WhenIstartedhighschool,IwasreallynervousandwoiTicdtoo,

especiallysinceIhadbeenhomeschooledallthroughmiddleschoolanddidn'treallyknowanyone.（当我开始上

高中的时候，我也非常紧张并担心，尤其是因为我整个中学都是在家上学，不认识任何人。户可知，Eddie

高中第一天紧张并担心。故选D项。

23.B

细节理解题。根据最后一段David,Aged19下列段落中“Makingsomefriendsandstayingwiththemwill

greatlyhelpyougetusedtohighschoolquickly.（交一些朋友并和他们呆在一起将极大地帮助你很快适应高

中生活。）”可知,David提到了朋友的重要性。故选B项。

B

AftercollegeIwantedtomakeadifferenceintheworld,soIjoinedanon-profitorganizationand

becameavolunteerteacher.IhopedtomakeapositiveimpactinNamibia.Honestly,myfirstchoicewasn't

Africa,butIamextremelygratefulthatIwassentthere.

Varioustribes（部落）andracialgroupsliveinNamibia,andanumberoflanguagesarespoken.When

Namibiagainedindependencein1990,Englishbecametheofficiallanguage.Teachersweresupposedtoteachin

English,butmanylackedthelanguageskillstodoso.Myjobwastotraintheteachers.Schoolswerequitebare.

Someclassroomsconsistedmerelyofsticksstuckinthesandandametalroof.Becausebothboysandgirls

shavedtheirheads,Ilearnedtodistinguishthembytheiruniforms:girlsworeskirts.

Thestudentshadtiringdays.Theywalkedmilestogettoschool,oftenbarefoot.Theyalsodidmanydaily

chores.Theyfetchedwater,gatheredfirewoodandcookedmeals.Evenwiththeirmountainsofwork,few

possessionsandlittleopportunity,thesechildrenwerejoyful.Iadmiredthat.

ThiswasthefirsttimethatIhadlivedabroadinadifferentcultureandwithahostfamily.Simplygetting

accustomedtothelivingconditionswasabigadjustment.Ihadnoelectricity,runningwater,phoneorInternet.

However,IcouldendeachdaywithasplendidAfricansunset.Andatnight,Ihadanunbelievable,

light-pollution-freeviewoftheentireMilkyWay.IneverthoughtIwouldliveinsuchanenvironment.My

experienceawakenedmetonotonlythelimitationsweplaceonourselves,butalsoouramazingabilitytoadapt.

Travel,stepoutsideofyourcomfortzoneandimmerse（使方浸1在）yourselfinanotherculture.Youwon't

regretit.

24.Whydoestheauthorfeelgrateful?

A.Hemanagedtosticktohischoice.B.Hewasexposedtoadifferentculture.

C.HeinfluencedNamibiapositively.D.Hejoinedanon-profitorganization.

25.WhatdoweknowaboutNamibia?

A.Englishisitsonlylanguage.B.Itsschoolconditionsweretough.

C.Allstudentsworethesameuniforms.D.Itsteacherslackedteachingskills.

26.HowdoestheauthorfindhislifeinAfrica?

A.Dullbutdelightful.B.Tiringbutinspiring.

C.Dangerousbutmeaningful.D.Inconvenientbutrewarding.

27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Avoluntaryexperience.B.Acountryofwonders.

C.AninfluenceonNamibia.D.Abigadjustmentabroad.

【答案】本文是记叙文。作者讲述了自己在非洲纳米比亚当志愿者老师的经历，分享了他的见闻和感悟。

24.B

推理判断题。根据第一段“Honestly,myfirstchoicewasn'tAfrica,butIamextremelygratefulthatIwassent

there.（老实说，我的第一选择不是非洲，但我非常感激我被派到那里）”和最后一段“Travel,stepoutsideofyour

comfortzoneandimmerse（使沉浸在）yourselfinanotherculture.Youwon'tregretit.（旅行，走出你的舒适区，

让自己沉浸在另一种文化中。你不会后悔的）''可推知，虽然非洲不是作者的首选，但他仍为自己接触到另

一种不同的文化而心存感激。故选B项。

25.B

细节理解题。根据第二段“Schoolswerequitebare.Someclassroomsconsistedmerelyofsticksstuckinthesand

andametalroof.（学校里空空如也。有些教室里只有插在沙子里的棍子和金属屋顶）”可知，纳米比亚的学校

的条件很艰苦。故选B项。

26.D

推理判断题。根据第四段“Simplygettingaccustomedtothelivingconditionswasabigadjustment.Ihadno

electricity,runningwater,phoneorInternet.（仅仅是适应那里的生活条件就是一个很大的调整。我没有电、自

来水、电话和网络）“和"Myexperienceawakenedmetonotonlythelimitationsweplaceonourselves,butalso

ouramazingabilitytoadapt.（我的经历不仅让我意识到我们自己给自己设定的限制，还有唤醒了我们惊人的

适应能力）”可推知，作者认为在纳米比亚的生活非常不便，但也给他带来许多的收获。故选D项。

27.A

主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者在文中讲述了自己在非洲纳米比亚当志愿者老师的经历，并分享了他的

见闻和感悟，A项"Avoluntaryexperience（一次自愿者经历）”能够概括文章大意。故选A项。

C

Ashortwhileago,IlostaccesstomyWeChataccount.Iamnotsurewhyitwouldn'tletmelogin;

perhapsitwasmyancient,out-of-datephone.ButIwasn'ttooupsetbecauseitofferedmeanopportunitytotakea

breakfromsocialmedia---somethingmoreandmorepeoplearedoing.

IntheUnitedStates,TwitterislosingmillionsofuserseachmonthandFacebookhasseena44percent

declineamongitsyoungerusers.SomeoftheseusersmayhavedesertedTwitterandFacebookforothersocial

mediaplatforms,whilemanyothershavequitbecausetheyfeltthatsocialmediawashavinganegativeeffecton

theirhappinessandoverallqualityoflife.

StarssuchasTaylorSwiftandEdSheerenhavetakenabreakfromsocialmediabecausetheyweretiredof

somanyInternettrolls（网络喷子）leavingnegativecomments.Ordinarypeople（likeme）areturningawayfromit

becauseofthefeelingthattheywerespendingmoretimeonlineandenjoyingless.

Itisnotunusualforpeopletospendtwoorthreehoursadaypostingorreadingposts,tothepointwhereit

becomesanaddiction.Anditisanaddiction.Thereisachemicalinyourbrainknownasdopamine（多巴胺）

whichissometimescalledthe"rewardmolecule"anditsreleasegivesyouafeelingofpleasure.Forinstance,

whenyoupostaphotoonWeChatandgetahundredlikes,youfeelhappy.That'sdopamineatwork.

Inmycase,beingoffWeChatleftmewithafeelingofanxietyforafewdays.NodoubtImissedmy

dopamine.AndIgote-mailsfromfriendswonderingifIwasfineorifIwasjustbeinganti-social（不喜欢社交的）.

ButIsoonbegantofeelquitepeacefulandstartedtoworrylessaboutwhatotherpeopleweredoingand

concentratemoreonmypersonallife.AnditisanaddedbonusthatI'mgettingbettersleepatnight.

I'mnotadvocatingthatallofyouquitsocialmedia,butspendinglesstimeontheseplatformsdoesbringyou

advantages.Youcouldstartbyleavingyourphoneathomewhenyougotoschool（Forsome,that'salreadya

schoolrule）.Anditisalsoagoodideatochargeyourphoneoutsideofyourbedroomatnight,asyouareunlikely

togetagoodnighfssleepwhenthenotification（通知）bellkeepsringing.

SomedayImayreconnectwithmyWeChataccount,butI'mnotinahurry.Lifecanbemorerelaxingand

justasinterestingwithoutit.

28.Theauthormentionshis/herdisconnectionwithWeChatatthebeginningofthepassageto.

A.introducethedisadvantagesofsocialmedia

B.explainwhyhelostaccesstohisWeChataccount

C.illustratethefunctionofdopamine

D.provehowWeChatmakeslifeeasier

29.WhatisthecurrentsituationofsocialmediaintheUnitedStatesaccordingtothepassage?

A.TwitterandFacebookdominateallthesocialmedia.

B.FamouspeoplehavedesertedTwitterandFacebookforothersocialmedia.

C.Anincreasingnumberofpeoplearelosinginterestinsocialmedia.

D.Socialmediaaddtopeople'shappinessandlifeconvenience.

30.Whatdoesthefourthparagraphtalkabout?

A.Howdopamineworkswhenyouarepostingorreadingposts.

B.Thereasonbehindpeople'saddictiontosocialmedia.

C.WhyWeChatissopopularamongordinarypeople.

D.WhatyoucandoifyouwanttogetmanylikesonWeChat.

31.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardssocialmedia?

A.Toturnawayfromthemassoonaspossible.

B.Tochooseasocialmediaplatformthatsuitsyou.

C.Toconnectwiththemisacceptableifyouaren'taddictedtoit.

D.Toquitthemwillmakeyourlifemorerelaxingandinteresting.

【答案】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了由于某些原因，作者暂时无法登陆微信，远离了社交媒体，这反

而让作者感到轻松快乐。作者告诉人们“暂时远离社交媒体是明智的选择“，并就其原因进行了分析。

28.A

推理判断题。根据第二段“SomeoftheseusersmayhavedesertedTwitterandFacebookforothersocialmedia

platforms,whilemanyothershavequitbecausetheyfellthatsocialmediawashavinganegativeeffectontheir

happinessandoverallqualityoflife.（其中一些用户可能已经抛弃了推特和脸书，转而使用其他社交媒体平台,

而另一些人退出社交媒体是因为他们觉得社交媒体对他们的幸福感和整体生活质量产生了负面影响）“、第

三段“StarssuchasTaylorSwiftandEdSheerenhavetakenabreakfromsocialmediabecausetheyweretiredof

manyInternettrolls（网络喷子）leavingnegativecomments.Ordinarypeople（likeme）areturningawayfromit

becauseofthefeelingthattheywerespendingmoretimeonlineandenjoyingitless.（泰勒•斯威夫特和艾德•希林

等明星已经暂时退出社交媒体，因为他们厌倦了许多网络上网络喷子的负面评论。普通人（像我一样）正

在远离它，因为他们觉得他们花了更多的时间在网上，而从中得到的乐趣更少了）''以及第四段“Itisnot

unusualforpeopletospendtwoorthreehoursadayposingorreadingposts,tothepointwhereitbecomesan

addiction.（人们每天花两个小时到三个小时来发帖子或阅读帖子是很平常的事了，甚至到了上瘾的地步）'‘可

知，下文主要讲述了社交媒体的缺点，带来的不好影响。由此推知，作者在开头提到了自己与微信脱节，

是为了介绍社交媒体的缺点。故选A项。

29.C

推理判断题。根据第二段“IntheUnitedStates,TwitterislosingmillionsofuserseachmonthandFacebookhas

seena44percentdeclineamongitsyoungerusers.SomeoftheseusersmayhavedesertedTwitterandFacebook

forothersocialmediaplatforms,whilemanyothershavequitbecausetheyfeltthatsocialmediawashavinga

negativeeffectontheirhappinessandoverallqualityoflife.（在美国，Twitter每个月都有数百万用户流失，而

Facebook的年轻用户减少了44%。其中一些用户可能已经放弃了Twitter和Facebook,转而使用其他社交

媒体平台，而另一些人放弃社交媒体是因为他们觉得社交媒体对他们的幸福感和整体生活质量产生了负面

影响）“可知，美国社交媒体的现状是越来越多的人对社交媒体失去兴趣。故选C。

30.B

主旨大意题。根据第四段“Itisnotunusualforpeopletospendtwoorthreehoursadayposingorreadingposts,

tothepointwhereitbecomesanaddiction.Anditisanaddiction.Thereisachemicalinyourbrainknownas

dopaminewhichissometimescalledthe“rewardmolecule^^anditsreleasegivesyouafeelingofpleasure.For

instance,whenyoupostaphotoonWeChatandgetahundredlikes,youfeelhappy.That'sdopamineatwork.（人

们每天花两到三个小时来发帖子或阅读帖子是很平常的事，甚至到了上瘾的地步。这是一种瘾。在你的大

脑中有一种叫做多巴胺的化学物质，它有时被称为“奖励分子”，它的释放会给你一种快乐的感觉。例如，

当你在微信上发布了一张照片，得到了100个赞，你会感到高兴。这是多巴胺在起作用）”可知，第四段对

人们沉迷于社交媒体背后的原因进行了分析。故选B。

31.C

推理判断题。根据倒数第二段'Tmnotadvocatingthatallofyouquitsocialmedia,butspendinglesstimeon

theseplatformsdoesbringyouadvantages.（我并不是主张大家都放弃社交媒体，但是少花点时间在这些平台

上确实会给你带来好处）”和最后——段“SomedayImayreconnectwithmyWeChataccount,butVmnotina

hurry.Lifecanbemorerelaxingandjustasinterestingwithoutil.（有一天我可能会重新连接我的微信帐户，但

我不着急。没有它，生活会更轻松，一样有趣）”可知，作者并不主张大家放弃社交媒体，而是决定在社交

媒体上少花点时间，也不会急着重新连接微信，这样作者会感到更加轻松。由此推知，作者对社交媒体的

态度是“如果你不是上瘾的话，重新使用社交媒体是可以接受的“。故选C。

D

Inthedarknessofthedeepsea,wheresunlightcanbarelyreach,asinglephoton（分子）oflightcanblow

ananimafscover.

Scientistshavenowdiscoveredatleast16speciesofultra-blackfish,eachequippedwithspecializedskin

thatallowsthentoevadedetectionwhilehuntingorhidinginthedark.Absorbing99.95percentofallphotons,

thisblacker-than-blacksurfacecreatesacloakofinvisibilityagainsttheocean,sdimbackdrop.

Incidentally,thisiswhatinitiallyarousedKarenOsborn'sinterest.Asaresearchzoologistatthe

Smithsonian'sNationalMuseumofNaturalHistory,shegrewupsettryingtophotographastrikingblackfishthat

hadbeenpulledfromthedeepsea."Itdidn'tmatterhowyousetupthecameraorlighting—theyjustsuckedup

allthelight,saysOsborn.

Takingtheircuriositytothelab,Osbornandhercolleaguescarefullyanalyzedtheskinfrom18speciesof

blackfish,collectedduringtrawls（拖网）intheGulfofMexicoandinMontereyBay,California.Allofthe

creatureshadanultra-blacksurfacethatreflectedlessthan0.6percentofavailablelight,and16speciesreflected

lessthan0.5percent.What'smore,thisultra-blackskinwasfoundacrossthebody,andinthenear-complete

darknessofthedeepsea,thiscloakofdarknessprobablyevolvedtoabsorbbioluminescent（生物性发光的）light,

emittedfrompreyorpredators.

“Thislowreflectanceputsdeep-seafishatthesamelevelwiththeblackestknownanimals,theauthors

write,“surpassing（超过）thedarknessofultra-blackbutterflies（0.06percent—0.5percentreflectance）and

equalingtheblackestbirdsofparadise（0.05percent-0.31percentreflectance）.^^Infact,theblackskinofthese

fishisnearlyatthesamelevelwithVantablack,whichabsorbs99.96percentoflight-oncearecordforthe

blackestmaterial.

Analyzingthestructureofthisunbelievablefishskin,researchersknowntosciencefoundpigmentcells（色

素细胞）werecloselypackedtogether,withveryfew,ifany,gaps,almostlikeagumballmachine（糖果机）.

Inonespecies,thisultra-blackskinwasactuallyfoundaroundthegut（内脏）,andthismightbeusedtohide

thelightofarecentbioluminescentsnack.^Effectivelywhatthey'vedoneistomakeasuper-efficientand

super-thinlighttrap,“Osbornexplains."Lightdoesn'tbounceback;lightdoesn'tgothrough.Itjustgoesintothis

layer,andit'sgone.^^

Osbornsaysthisisthefirsttimewe'vefoundananimalthatusesjustthepigmentitselftocontrol

unabsorbedlight.Anditactuallyseemsquitecommonamong16distantly-relatedfish,researchersfoundthat

lightscatteringiscausedbythemelanosomes（黑色素体）themselveswithouttheneedforotherstructure.

32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“evade“inParagraph2probablymean?

A.gainB.avoidC.awaitD.monitor

33.WhywasOsbornupsetwhenshetriedtophotographablackfish?

A.Theblackfishwaseasilydisturbedbylight.

B.Itwashardforhertocapturethefish'simage.

C.Shedidn'tfindarightplacetoputthecamera.

D.Shefailedtotakeabeautifulphotoofthefish.

34.Whatisspecialabouttheultra-blackfish?

A.Itcontrolsunabsorbedlightinmanyways.

B.Ithasthemostmelanosomesintheirbody.

C.Ithastheblackestmaterialknowntoscience.

D.Itdependsononestructuretodealwithlight.

35.Whichisthebesttitle?

A.Livingcreaturesinthedeepsea

B.Thelightyoucan'tsee

C.Invisiblefish

D.Protectionforthoseblackestspecies

【答案】本文是一篇说明文。科学家们现在已经发现了至少16种超黑色的鱼，每种鱼都有专门的皮肤，

可以在黑暗中捕猎或躲藏时能躲过检测。文章从科学的角度介绍了它们能够隐身的原因。

32.B

词义猜测题。根据第二段句子“Absorbing99.95percentofallphotons,thisblacker-than-blacksurfacecreates

acloakofinvisibilityagainsttheocean'sdimbackdrop."（这种比黑色更黑的表面吸收了99.95%的光子，在海

洋昏暗的背景下形成了一层隐形斗篷。）可知，这种隐形皮肤可以让它们在黑暗中捕猎或躲藏时能躲过检

测，因此划线词意思应该是“避免故选B。

33.B

细节理解题。根据第三段句子“shegrewupsettryingtophotographastrikingblackfishthathadbeenpulled

fromthedeepsea."Itdidn'tmatterhowyousetupthecameraorlighting—theyjustsuckedupallthelight,,,

saysOsborn."（她在试图拍摄一条从深海中捕捞的引人注目的黑鱼时感到沮丧。奥斯本说：“不管你如何设

置相机或照明，它们只是吸收了所有的光线。可知，当奥斯本试图拍摄一条黑鱼时，她因为很难捕捉

到鱼的形象而沮丧。故选B。

34.D

细节理解题。根据最后一段"Osbomsaysthisisthefirsttimewe'vefoundananimalthatusesjustthepigment

itselftocontrolunabsorbedlight.Anditactuallyseemsquitecommonamong16distantly-relatedfish,researchers

foundthatlightscatteringiscausedbythemelanosomes（黑色素体）themselveswithouttheneedfbrother

structure."（奥斯本说，这是我们第一次发现一种只使用色素本身来控制未被吸收的光线的动物。事实上，

这在16种远亲鱼类中很常见。研究人员发现，光散射是由黑素体本身引起的，不需要其他结构。）可知，

这种黑色鱼的特殊之处在于它只依靠本身的黑色素体来处理光线。故D选项（它依靠一个结构来处理光。）

正确。故选D。

35.C

标题判断题。根据第二段句子“Scientistshavenowdiscoveredatleast16speciesofultra-blackfish,each

equippedwithspecializedskinthatallowsthentoevadedetectionwhilehuntingorhidinginthedark.Absorbing

99.95percentofallphotons,thisblacker-than-blacksurfacecreatesacloakofinvisibilityagainsttheocean,sdim

backdrop.”（科学家们现在己经发现了至少16种超黑色的鱼，每种鱼都有专门的皮肤，可以在黑暗中捕猎

或躲藏时能躲过检测。这种比黑色更黑的表面吸收了99.95%的光子，在海洋昏暗的背景下形成了一层隐形

斗篷。），可知文章通篇都围绕这种不易发现的黑色的鱼来写的，介绍了它们能隐身的原因。所以标题应该

是：会隐身的鱼。故选C。

第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Formorethan4,000years,peopleinAsiahaveusedacupuncture（针灸）totreatillnesses.36.Studieshave

shownthatacupunctureisusefulfbrdifferentconditions.However,itisnotforeveryone.Ifyouchoosetoseean

acupuncturist,discussitwithyourdoctorfirstandfindanexpert.

37.Itcanbeusedifyouhaveaheadacheorbackpain.Somedoctorsuseacupuncturealongwithnormal

treatmentsforhighbl