2023年研究生类研究生入学考试专业课英语专业英汉互译历年高频考题带答案难题附详解

2023年研究生类研究生入学考试专业课英语专业英汉互译历年高频考题带答案难题附详解（图片大小可自由调整）第1卷一.历年考点试题黑钻版(共25题)1.Whenthecloudsplayinthecanyon,astheyoftendointherainyseason,anothersetofeffectsisproduced.Cloudscreepoutofcanyonsandwindintoothercanyons.Theheavensseemtobealive,notmovingasmovetheheavenoveraplain,inonedirectionwiththewind,butfollowingthemultipliedcoursesofthesegorges.Inthismannerthelittlecloudsseemtobeindividualized,tohavewillsandsoulsoftheirown,andtobegoingondiverseerrands—avastassemblageofself-willedclouds,faringhereandthere,intentuponpurposeshiddenintheirownbreasts.Intheimaginationthecloudsbelongtothesky,andwhentheyareinthecanyontheskiescomedownintothegorgesandclingtothecliffsandliftthemuptoimmeasurableheights,fortheskymuststillbefaraway.Thustheylendinfinitytothewalls.(fromTheMostSublimeSpectacleOnEarthbyJohnWesleyPowell)2.1957年10月苏联成功发射第一颗人造卫星，揭开了人类历史由地球迈向太空的第一页。此后短短半个世纪里，人类的外空探索活动突飞猛进，取得了辉煌的成就。人类不仅成功登陆月球，而且还将研究的触手伸向火星等更为遥远的星球。截止到2006年底，环绕地球飞行的各类人造物体，包括人造卫星、航天飞机、国际空间站、空间实验室等接近6000个。3.NotlongagoIheardmyselfdescribeafriend,half-jokingly,as"amuchbetterpersonthanIam,thatis,shedoesn'tgossipsomuch."IheardmyvoicedistortedbythatsamefalsenotethatsometimescreepsintoitwhensocialstrainandsomemisguidednotionofamiabilitymakemeassenttoopinionsIdon'treallyshare.4.InlikemannerArnoldisthepoetofunpoeticalnatures.Inhisversethereisnorebellion,nodivinediscontent,nohumansympathy,noreachingfortheunattainable.MagnificentdisdainfortheconventionsoftheworldisnottobefoundinArnold.WhenO'ConnortoldhimthatthehighestmeritofWhitmanwashisunlikenesstoanyoneelse,herepliedthatthiswashisdemerit."Noone,"hecontinued,"canaffordinliteraturetotrademerelyonhisownbottomandtotakenoaccountofwhattheotheragesandnationshaveacquired:agreatoriginalliteratureAmericawillnevergetinthisway,andherintellectmustinevitablyconsenttocome,inaconsiderablemeasure,intotheEuropeanmovement."

Arnoldhadadeep,unreasoningfearofthefiresofcreativegenius.Hispoetryisthehistoryofasoulstrugglingagainstitsdeepestimpulses.Nowandthencreativeenergyovercameintellectualdisdainandhesoaredintotheempyrean;morefrequentlytherestraintofconventionalanddisciplinedthoughttiedhimtotheworld.Whenitdid,originalitysuccumbedtoimitation;instinctgavewaytoreason;defiancedwindledintodespair;thedeep-seatedimpulsesofthesoulresolvedthemselvesintoformalism;andbeautydied.5.ByThomasdeQuincy

Whatisitthatwemeanbyliterature?Popularly,andamongstthethoughtless,itisheldtoincludeeverythingthatisprintedinabook.Littlelogicisrequiredtodisturbthatdefinition.Themostthoughtlesspersoniseasilymadeawarethatintheideaofliteratureoneessentialelementissomerelationtoagenera[andcommoninterestofman—sothatwhatappliesonlytoalocal,orprofessional,ormerelypersonalinterest,eventhoughpresentingitselfintheshapeerabook,willnotbelongtoLiterature.Sofarthedefinitioniseasilynarrowed;anditisaseasilyexpanded.Fornotonlyismuchthattakesastationinbooksnotliterature;butinversely,muchthatreallyisliteratureneverreachesastationinbooks.TheweeklysermonsofChristendom,thatvastpulpitliteraturewhichactssoextensivelyuponthepopularmind—towarn,touphold,torenew,tocomfort,toalarm—doesnotattainthesanctuaryoflibrariesintheten-thousandthpartofitsextent.TheDramagain—as,forinstance,thefinestofShakespeare'splaysinEngland,andanleadingAthenianplaysinthenoontideoftheAtticstage—operatedasaliteratureonthepublicmind,andwere(accordingtothestrictestletterofthatterm)publishedthroughtheaudiencesthatwitnessedtheirrepresentationsometimebeforetheywerepublishedasthingstoberead;andtheywerepublishedinthisscenicalmodeofpublicationwithmuchmoreeffectthantheycouldhavehadasbooksduringagesofcostlycopyingorofcostlyprinting.6.Germanyasawholeisunderemployed.Germansinworkputinanaverageof1,430hoursin2006,thethird-lowestrateintheOECD.Evenafterthelabour-marketreforms,long-termunemploymentremainswellabovetheOECDaverage.MorethanhalfamillionimmigrantscannotdothejobsforwhichtheytrainedbecauseGermanydoesnotrecognizetheirqualifications,acaseofcredentialismgonewild.Acountryindemographicdeclinecannotaffordsuchwaste.By2035Germany'sGDPperpersonwillfallby8-15%relativetothatinotherrichEuropeancountriesandinAmerica.

Toheadoffsuchrelativedecline,Germanyneedstore-engineernotonlythewelfarestatebutitsattitudestowardsimmigrants,womenandpeopleover60.Againstitsconservativeinstinctsithasmadeastart.Inthepasttenyearsithaddonemoretointegrateminoritiesthanintheprevious40.When"guestworkers"fromTurkey,ItalyandGreecefloodedintoalleviatelaborshortagesinthe1950sand60s,Germansthoughttheywouldeventuallyleaveagain;duringthe1980sthegovernmenttriedtopaythemtogo.NowitacceptsthatGermanyisan"immigrationcountry".Acitizenshiplawpassedin2000whichsaidthatpeoplenotbornGermancouldbecomesowasfollowedin2005byanimmigrationlawthatinchedopenthedoorsforskilledforeigners.

Thegovernmenthasmaintainedacautiousmomentum,balancingwelcomewithademandthatimmigrantsadapttoGermanways.Undera"nationalintegrationplan"orchestratedbythegrandcoalition,languagetrainingforimmigrantsandtheirchildrenisbeingexpandedandbusinesseshavepromisedtocreateextratrainingplacesformigrants.Thecoalitionsetupastanding"IslamConference"tonegotiaterelationsbetweenthereligionandthestate.ItsmainsuccessesweretoestablishthatMuslimsseenocontradictionbetweentheirfaithandGermany'sconstitution,andtoagreeinprincipletoteachIslaminstateschools,asJudaismandChristianityalreadyare.7.Someweeksago,ridinginacabfromBostontoCambridge,mydriverturnedandaskedmewhatIdidforaliving."TeachEnglish,"Isaid."Isthatso?"theyoungmancontinued."IwasanEnglishmajor."Butthen,insteadofchattingidlyaboutJoyceordroppingthesubjectaltogether,thisdrivercaughtmeshort."Youguys,"hesaid,turningbacksothathisfurryfacepressedintotheglasspartition,"oughttobeshot."Ithinkhemeantit.

Theguiltypartyinthispresentstateofaffairsisnotreallytheacademicdiscipline.ItisnotthefaultofEnglishandphilosophyandbiologythatengineeringandaccountingandcomputerscienceaffordstudentsbetterjobopportunitiesandincreasedflexibilityincareerchoice.Literatureandanunderstandingof,say,man'sevolutionarypastareasimportantasever.Theysimplyarenolongerperceivedintoday'smarketassalable.Thatistheharsheconomicfact.AnditisnotonlytrueintheUnitedStates.EmploymentprospectsforliberalartsgraduatesinCanada,forexample,aresaidtobetheworstsincetile1930s.

Whattodo?Ithinkitwouldbeshortsightedforcollegesanduniversitiestoadvisestudentsagainstmajoringincertainsubjectsthatdonotappearlinked(atleastdirectly)tocareers.Whereourenergiesshouldbedirectedinsteadistowardthedevelopmentofeducationalprogramsthatcombinecoursesequencesintheliberalartswithcoursesequencesintheviableprofessions.Doublemajors—oneforenrichment,oneforearningone'sbread—haveneverbeenpromotedveryseriouslyinourinstitutionsofhigherlearning,mainlybecauseliberalartsandprofessional-vocationalfacultieshavelongbeensuspiciousorcontemptuousofoneanother.Thusstudentshavebeendirectedtoonepathortheother,tothedisadvantageofbothstudentsandfaculty.8.ItmayperhapsbethoughtsuperfluoustoofferargumentstoprovetheutilityoftheUNION(联邦),apoint,nodoubt,deeplyengravedontheheartsofthegreatbodyofthepeopleineveryState,andone,whichitmaybeimagined,hasnoadversaries.Butthefactis,thatwealreadyhearitwhisperedintheprivatecirclesofthosewhoopposethenewConstitution,thatthethirteenStatesareoftoogreatextentforanygeneralsystem,andthatwemustofnecessityresorttoseparateconfederaciesofdistinctportionsofthewhole.Thisdoctrinewill,inallprobability,begraduallypropagated,tillithasvotariesenoughtocountenanceanopenavowalofit.Fornothingcanbemoreevident,tothosewhoareabletotakeanenlargedviewofthesubject,thanthealternativeofanadoptionofthenewConstitutionoradismembermentoftheUnion.ItwillthereforebeofusetobeginbyexaminingtheadvantagesofthatUnion,thecertainevils,andtheprobabledangers,towhicheveryStatewillbeexposedfromitsdissolution.9.最后我听了一堂音乐课，应该说是欣赏了一堂音乐课。老师很活泼，这堂课先是播放了迈克尔·杰克逊的《我们同属一个世界》，这堂课的主题是让世界充满爱。我对音乐是门外汉，但是我边听边感到这是一堂艺术熏陶课，对孩子是艺术的熏陶，也可以说是堂美学(aesthetics)课。美学从大的方面讲就是真善美，就是世界事物的真善美，这就是那首歌的真谛。因此听完课我就即席讲了一篇话，我说没有爱就没有教育，没有爱就没有一切。一堂音乐课让孩子们通过唱歌来懂得人世间的爱，懂得人世间的真善美。其次是人们的心底。孩子们都有心理活动，就是孩子们心底都有知、情、义。这就要求学生要有爱心，懂得爱父母、爱老师、爱家乡、爱祖国，人最起码的爱就是这些。10.Everybookstandsbyitself,likeaone-familyhouse,butbooksinalibraryarelikehousesinacity.Althoughtheyareseparate,togethertheyalladduptosomething;theyareconnectedwitheachotherandwithothercities.Thesameideas,orrelatedones,turnupindifferentplaces;thehumanproblemsthatrepeatthemselvesinliferepeatthemselvesinliterature,butwithdifferentsolutionsaccordingtodifferentwritingsatdifferenttimes.Booksinfluenceeachother;theylinkthepast,thepresentandthefutureandhavetheirowngenerations,likefamilies.Whereveryoustartreadingyouconnectyourselfwithoneofthefamiliesofideas,and,inthelongrun,younotonlyfindoutabouttheworldandthepeopleinit;youfindoutaboutyourself,too.

Readingcanonlybefunifyouexpectittobe.Ifyouconcentrateonbookssomebodytellsyouyou"ought"toread,youprobablywon'thavefun.Butifyouputdownabookyoudon'tlikeandtryanothertillyoufindonethatmeanssomethingtoyou,andthenrelaxwithit,youwillalmostcertainlyhaveagoodtime—andifyoubecome,asaresultofreading,better,wiser,kinder,ormoregentle,youwon'thavesufferedduringtheprocess.11.臣亮言：先帝创业未半，而中道崩殂；今天下三分，益州疲敝，此诚危急存亡之秋也。然侍卫之臣，不懈于内；忠志之士，忘身于外者：盖追先帝之殊遇，欲报之于陛下也。诚宜开张圣听，以光先帝遗德，恢弘志士之气；不宜妄自菲薄，引喻失义，以塞忠谏之路也。

宫中府中，俱为一体；陟罚臧否，不宜异同：若有作奸犯科，及为忠善者，宜付有司，论其刑赏，以昭陛下平明之治；不宜偏私，使内外异法也。侍中、侍郎郭攸之、费依、董允等，此皆良实，志虑忠纯，是以先帝简拔以遗陛下：愚以为宫中之事，事无大小，悉以咨之，然后施行，必得裨补阙漏，有所广益。将军向宠，性行淑均，晓畅军事，试用之于昔日，先帝称之曰“能”，是以众议举宠为督：愚以为营中之事，事无大小，悉以咨之，必能使行阵和穆，优劣得所也。亲贤臣，远小人，此先汉所以兴隆也；亲小人，远贤臣，此后汉所以倾颓也。先帝在时，每与臣论此事，未尝不叹息痛恨于桓、灵也!侍中、尚书、长史、参军，此悉贞亮死节之臣也，愿陛下亲之、信之，则汉室之隆，可计日而待也。

臣本布衣，躬耕南阳，苟全性命于乱世，不求闻达于诸侯。先帝不以臣卑鄙，猥自枉屈，三顾臣于草庐之中，谘臣以当世之事，由是感激，遂许先帝以驱驰。后值倾覆，受任于败军之际，奉命于危难之间：尔来二十有一年矣。先帝知臣谨慎，故临崩寄臣以大事也。受命以来，夙夜忧虑，恐付托不效，以伤先帝之明；故五月渡泸，深入不毛。今南方已定，甲兵已足，当奖帅三军，北定中原，庶竭驽钝，攘除奸凶，兴复汉室，还于旧都：此臣所以报先帝而忠陛下之职分也。至于斟酌损益，进尽忠言，则攸之、依、允等之任也。

愿陛下托臣以讨贼兴复之效，不效则治臣之罪，以告先帝之灵；若无兴复之言，则责攸之、依、允等之咎，以彰其慢。陛下亦宜自谋，以谘诹善道，察纳雅言，深追先帝遗诏。臣不胜受恩感激!今当远离，临表涕泣，不知所云。12.Actingrecentlyasanexpertwitnessinamurdertrial,Ibecameawareofasmalllegalproblemcausedbytheincreasinglymulticulturalnatureofoursociety.AccordingtoEnglishlaw,amanisguiltyofmurderifhekillssomeonewiththeintentioneithertokillortoinjureseriously.Butheisguiltyofthelessercrimeofmanslaughterifhehasbeensufficientlyprovokedorifhisstateofmindatthetimewasabnormalenoughtoreducehisresponsibility.Thelegaltesthereisacomparisonwiththesupposedlyordinaryman—themanontheClaphamomnibus,asthelegalclichéhasit.Wouldthatordinarypersonfeelprovokedundersimilarcircumstances?Wastheaccused'sstateofmindatthetimeofthekillingverydifferentfromthatofanaverageman?13.Inshort,whilescientistshavegenerallyconsideredthemselvestobetheintellectualdescendantsoftheminFranklin"modelofthebenevolentscientist,bringingenlightenmenttohumankind,toooftenscientistsareactuallyperceivedbythepublictobemoreinthe"Dr.Frankenstein"mold,unleashingscientifichavoconanunsuspectingworld.

Thelessonweneedtodrawfromthisphenomenonisincreasinglyevident:Modernscientists(andtheirfirstcousins,engineers)mustbecomeasadeptindealingwithsocietalandpoliticalforcesastheyarewithgravitationalandelectromagneticforces—and,candidly,uptothispointIwouldnotgiveusapassinggrade.Today'sscientistsarenolongerconstrainedsimplybythelawsofnature,aswasgenerallythecaseinthepast,butalsobythelaws(andattitudes)oftheland.Forexample:

CouldwesendmenandwomentoMars?Technologicallyspeaking,Ibelievewecould.Butpoliticallythereisnowilltodoso.

CouldwevastlyincreasetheamountofelectricityavailabletoAmericansthroughsafe,nonpollutingnuclearpowerplants?Almostcertainly—asisinfactbeingdoneinEuropeandJapaneventoday—butcommunitiesinAmericaarestillrepelledbythenotionofnuclearpower,especiallyafterthehorrendousexampleofChernobyl.

Couldwebuildautomatedhighwaysthatwouldincreaseconvenienceandreduceaccidents?Absolutely.Butwhoistopayforthem—andwhoistoinsuretheirbuildersintoday'slitigioussociety?

Wouldaninventorbepermittedtodaytointroduceanewproductthatwouldcreatemillionsofjobsandmakepeople'slivesfarmoreconvenient,ifprojectionsshoweditwouldcostthelivesof50,000Americansayear?IdonotknowwhatKarlBenz,GottliebDaimler,andHenryFordwouldanswer,butIwouldseriouslydoubtit.

Couldwebuildasuperconductingsupercollider?Amannedbaseonthemoon?OpennewAlaskanoilfields?Createareliableballisticmissiledefenseagainstterroristnations?Quitelikely—ifanyonewantsusto.

Inasense,scientistsandengineersinthepasthavebeenfortunate,forwebecameaccustomedtobeingmeasuredbynatureitself—anunwaveringlyfairandconsistent,albeitunforgiving,judge.Today,incontrast,weareoftenjudgedbyhumans—withallthevagaries,specialagendas,andinconsistenciesthatentails.ThishasledmetopropoundwhatIhavecalledAugustine'sSecondLawofSocioscience(andengineering),withdueapologiestoSirIsaacNewton:"Foreveryscientific(orengineering)action,thereisanequalandoppositesocialreaction."14.本产品结构简单，安全可靠，制造简易，维修方便，广泛应用于世界石油生产。15.ThedeathofthePrinceConsortwasthecentralturning-pointinthehistoryofQueenVictoria.Sheherselffeltthathertruelifehadceasedwithherhusband's,andthattheremainderofherdaysuponearthwasofatwilightnature—anepiloguetoadramathatwasdone.Yetthequeenwasnotold:shewasonlyforty-twoandwhenherhusbanddiedshestoodonlyonthethresholdofmiddleage.Shewasstillactiveandfullofspirit;afewmonthsbeforehisdeathsheenjoyedagameofbattledoreandshuttlecock.16.Biogas:aSolutiontoManyProblems

Inalmostalldevelopingcountries,thelackofadequatesuppliesofcheap,convenientandreliablefuelisamajorproblem.Ruralcommunitiesdependlargelyonkerosene,woodanddungfortheircookingandlightingneeds.Butkeroseneisnowpricedoutofreachofmanypeopleandwood,exceptinheavilyforestedareas,isinshortsupply.Thesearchforfirewoodoccupiesalargepartoftheworkingdayandhasresultedinwidespreaddeforestation.

Dungisinconstantsupplywherevertherearefarmanimalsand,whendried,itisconvenienttostoreanduse.Butburningdungdestroysitsvalueasfertilizer,thusdeprivingthesoilofamuchneededsourceofhumusandnitrogen.

Ruralareasofdevelopingcountriesarealsoplaguedbyalackofadequatesanitation.Improperwastedisposalspreadsdisease,contaminateswatersourcesandprovidesbreedinggroundsfordisease-carryinginsects.

Theproblemsofimprovingenvironmentalhygiene,conservingresourcesandfindingalternativesourcesoffuelmaybeunrelated.Theirsolutions,however,arenot,asmanycountriesexperimentingwithbiogastechnologyarediscovering.Biogas,amixtureofmethaneandcarbondioxide,isproducedbythefermentationoforganicmatter.Theprocessofanaerobicfermentationisanaturalone,occurringwheneverlivingmatterdecomposes.Bycontainingthematter—andtheprocess—inadigesterorbiogasplant,thecombustiblegascanbetrappedandusedasfuelforhouseholdlightingandcooking.Thedigestedslurrythatremainscanbeusedonthe]andasasoilconditionerandfertilizer.

BiogasplantshaveattractedmuchinterestinrecentyearsandtheyareinuseinseveralAsiancountries:36000arereportedinruralareasofIndia,27000inKoreaandmorethan80000inChina.Inmostcountriesthevalueofthegashasbeentheprimefactorleadingtotheiradoption:70percentofIndia'splants,forinstance,werebuiltduringtheenergyandfertilizercrisisof1975-1976—Ithoughtheiruseinthatcountrydatesbackto1951.SimilarlyinThailandandKorea,biogasisbeinginvestigatedasanalternativetocostlycharcoaladtosavecompostmaterialsfrombeingburned.

InJapanandChina,reducingpollutionfromanimalwasteshasbeenanimportantfactor.Privies,henhousesandpigpensarebuiltinproximitytothefermentationchamberinChina.Examinationsofthedigestedslurryhaveshownthatthetotalnumberofparasiteeggswasreducedby93.6percent,hookwormsby99percentandnoschisto-someflukeswerefound.Thegreatestbenefitsfrombiogassystems,however,areprobablytobederivedfromthemanorialvalueoftheslurry,althoughitisnotwidelyusedoutsideofIndiaandChina.VegetablefarmersnearCalcuttafoundthatthedigestedslurryproducedbiggerandbettertastingpeasthandidotherfertilizersandtheweightofrootvegetablesincreasedbynearly300percent.

Notes：

biogas：沼气

humus：腐殖土

hygiene：清洁卫生

fermentation：发酵

slurry：浆液

privy：茅厕

hookworm：钩虫

manorial：庄园的、种植园的

dung：粪肥

sanitation：卫生

methane：甲烷

anaerobic：厌氧的

compost：堆积物

parasite：寄生虫

schistsome：血吸虫

Calcutta：加尔各答市17.国庆节常回家，那个黄河边上的乡村，开小汽车的乡亲开始多见，虽然他们穿衣打扮还没有太多的改变，但当我看到他们开上价值20多万的汽车时，我很是欣喜。

但欣喜似乎很快止于一次街头的聊天，乡亲告诉了我这里发生的两件事。首先是旁边村子里一个人被同村的三兄弟杀死在家中，事情起源于土地租赁，因为租金高低的纠纷，欲强租土地的人找人把不愿意接受租金价位的人打了，还发出狠话，打死也就是几万块钱的事，于是被打的一方三兄弟联合起来，有了这一命案，四个家庭随之破碎。还有一个发生在我们村里，收割玉米的乡亲欲从邻居家地上开车通过，邻居老太太心疼庄稼不许，争吵中躺在自家田头说：要过，就从身上轧过。于是车轰鸣着，轧过老人，陪了几万块私了。

儿时的乡村，是可以夜不闭户的。放学回家，有时家中无人，邻居大婶总是招呼到他们家，坐在饭桌前，一切都是那么自然。农忙时，家里农活忙碌，邀邻居来帮，只需吃顿简单的饭，聊聊天。现在这里，生活的认知和价值观已经发生了很大的改变。我们都知道，国家在大力发展农村经济，我也期待家乡环境的改善，也相信很快就会有大的变化，但乡村的这些事也让我思考，我们是否应该在文化价值观方面，做出相应的指点和引导呢。18.TheTexasRuffian(无赖)

(Excerpts)

Hewastheelementalman,amanofendless,restlessambition.Nothingwasevercompleted;eachaccomplishmentwasachallengetoreachformore.Hewasapoliticianthelikeofwhichweshallnotseeagaininthiscentury,amanwhobridgedverydifferentAmericas,hisearlydaysandedgeandattitudesforgesbyearthy,frontierattitudes,andwhosefinalactsasPresidenttookustotheveryedgeofthemoon.Hewasamanofstunningforce,driveandintelligence,andofequallystunninginsecurity.Theenormityofhisaccomplishmentsneverdimmedthehiddenfearswhichhadpropelledhiminthefirstplace;hewas,inthatsense,themosthumanofpoliticians.TherewasaboutLyndonJohnsonsomethingcompelling;themorehetriedtohidehiswarts(烂疮疤),themoreherevealedthem.Loyaltywascrucial:Washington,afterall,wasacitywithenemieseverywhere,withsharksswimmingouttherewaitingforanysignofweakness.Thustheinnercirclehadtobesecure,trulysecure;particularlyamanwithasprofoundasenseofhisownweaknessandvulnerabilitiesasLyndonJohnsonwantedmenaroundhecouldtrust.

"Howloyalisthatman?"heaskedaWhiteHousestafferaboutapotentialhand.

"Well,heseemsquiteloyal,Mr.President."saidthestaffer.

"Idon'twantloyalty,Iwantloyalty,IwanthimtokissmyassinMacy'swindowathighnoonandtellmeitsmellsroses..."

Hisalmostdesperateneedforloyaltywasthehalfofthecoinofinsecurityofthisgreattoweringfigurewhohadaccomplishedsomuch,wassomuchamanofWashington,andyetinsomanyimportantsectionsofthecityfelthimselfanalien,theTexasruffianamongtheperfumeddarlingsoftheEast.Itwasaprofoundpartofhim;hissenseofbeingalien,ofthereduceagainsthim,wasneverassuaged(inOctober1964whenGeorgeBallhandedinhisfirstmemoagainsttheVietnamwar,Johnsonturnedtoanaidandsaid,"you'vegottobecarefuloftheseEasternlawyers.Ifyou'renotcarefulthey'lltakeyouandturnyouinsideout").HewashuntedbyregionalprejudiceandeventheattainmentofthePresidencydidnottemperhisfeelings.Later,afterhehadleftoffice,hebecameconvincedthatitwasSouthernorigins,notthewar,whichhaddrivenhimput,andthattheyhadlaininwaitforanissue,anyissued,andhadusedthewar,whichwastheirwarinthefirstplace,todrivehimfromoffice.

Thepeoplewhoworkedforhimlivedinmortalfearofhim.Hehumiliatedtheminfrontoftheirpeers,thensometimesrewardedthem,dressingdownonestaffmemberwhileotherswatched,thenlaterinthedayawardingthestaffmanaCadillac,winkingandexplainingtosomeoneelsethatithelpedamantostrikewithmunificencewhenhewasdown.19.Designerholdsfasttouseofnaturalfabrics20.HesetaboutrebuildingParis,andchangeditfromapicturesque,unsanitary,seventeenth-centurycityintothespacious,latinizedcityofmarbleitistoday.21.陕西榆林红石峡

“来我们榆林，第一要看镇北台，第二要看红石峡。那红石峡都出了名了，专有摄制组上这儿拍电影哩!”在前往榆林的长途汽车上，两个当地人这么跟我们说。

既然如此，当然要去。不过，对当地人的“老王卖瓜”也做了一些思想准备。

却不料，红石峡果真是个了不得的去处!它竟然是陕西省内最大一处摩崖石窟群。但见峡谷两侧赭红色的岩壁上惊人地布满大大小小的石刻和洞窟，一条湍急的清流则在谷底刷刷地流淌。静静往那儿一站，立刻就被中华大地那千古的历史、文化以及大自然的熏风吹醉了!22.1949年以后，一个真正的妇女解放过程开始了。男女平等被定为国策，所有妇女都参加生产劳动。这件事太伟大了，因为就算是在西方，妇女对工作权、选举权的争取也要经过100多年，但是中国女性直接就获得了这些权利。而且女性参加社会生产劳动的比例一下就超过了很多西方国家，几乎是100%的适龄并适合劳动的妇女都出来工作，这应该说是一个非常关键的进步。

然而，那个年代有时是比较极端的。过于强调男女都一样，男性能做到的，女性也能做到，男女之间没什么区别，大家穿同样的衣服，女孩儿也都不化妆，好像没有性别的区分了。但造成这种现象的原因是过去女性的地位太低，转到这个阶段，女性被抑制的各种方面爆发了。此时，女性的地位得到极大提高，但性别差异也被忽略。23.谨奉上金额为5000美圆的发票一份，敬希拨付为荷。24.OneofthedifficultieswhichwehavehadtoencounterinthepracticaladministrationoftheGovernmentconsistsintheadjustmentofourrevenuelawsandthelevyofthetaxesnecessaryforthesupportofGovernment.Inthegeneralpropositionthatnomoremoneyshallbecollectedthanthenecessitiesofaneconomicaladministrationshallrequireallpartiesseemtoacquiesce.NordoesthereseemtoheanymaterialdifferenceofopinionastotheabsenceofrightintheGovernmenttotaxonesectionofcountry,oroneclassofcitizens,oroneoccupation,totthemereprofitofanother."JusticeandsoundpolicyforbidtheFederalGovernmenttofosteronebranchofindustrytothedetrimentofanother,ortocherishtheinterestsofoneportiontotheinjuryofanotherportionofourcommoncountry."Ihaveheretoforedeclaredtomyfellow-citizensthat"inmyjudgmentitisthedutyoftheGovernmenttoextend,asfarasitmaybepracticabletodoso,byitsrevenuelawsandallothermeanswithinitspower,fairandjustprotectiontoallofthegreatinterestsofthewholeUnion,embracingagriculture,manufacturers,themechanicarts,commerce,andnavigation".25.TEINTDEPERLEVISAGEFIN

TEINTDEPERLEVISAGEFINisanewgenerationofmodellingfoundation,whichrefinesfacialcontourswhileilluminatingthecomplexionwithapearl-likeradiance.Itsultra-fineandsilkytextureglidessmoothlyontotheskintoadornitwithapowderedveil.

ARADIANTCOMPLEXION

Apearlextract,whosecompositionisclosetotheNMF(NaturalMoisturizingFactor),helpsreinforcetheskin'snaturalhydration:theskinisperfectlyhydratedandcomfortablealldaylong.Lightreflectingpigmentscreatea"halo",whichopticallysmoothesouttheskin'ssurface,thusreducingsmallimperfections:thecomplexioniseven,translucentandbrightened.

AREDEFINITIONOFFACIALCONTOURS

Bi-reflectingpigmentsenlivenfeatures,andredefinefacialcontourswhileplayingwithlightandshadow.Thereflectionhighlighttheroundareasoftheface(forehead,cheekbones,chin).Theamberreflectionshapesthefacebyenhancingtheshadowyareas(cheeks,sidesofnose).Facialcontoursarere-sculpted,featuresarerefined.

AFRESHSTAY—TRUECOMPLEXIONALLDAYLONG

TEINTDEPERLEVISAGEFINprovidesexceptionalsoftnesstotouchandensuresaflawlessfinish.

Thepresenceof"longradiance"pigmentscoatedwithsilicahelpscolorlastforhours.Thiscoatingactsasashieldagainstsebumandperspirationproduction,maincausesofshadetarnishing.Thelong-lastingmattfinishisensuredbyacombinationof"anti-shine"powderscharacterizedbytheirsoftnessandabsorbingproperties.Sunscreens(SPF20)protecttheskinfromUVAandUVBandhelppreservethecomplexion'sfairness.

Thecomplexionremainsfreshandradiantthroughouttheday.

ANADJUSTABLEMAKE-UPFINISH

ApplyTEINTDEPERLEVISAGEFINafteryourregulardaycare.Thedoublesidedapplicatorenablesyoutoadjustthecoverageaccordingtoyourmood.

—Dryspongeforanaturalandlightmake-upfinish

—Dampspongeforamoresophisticatedandflawlessfinish

—Puffsidefortouch-upsduringtheday.Arapid,unifyingandmatifyingapplication,withoutcreatingamasklikelook.

Becarefultofrequentlywashthespongewithsoapandwaterandtoletitdrycompletelyafteruse.第1卷参考答案一.历年考点试题黑钻版1.参考答案：当乌云笼罩着峡谷时(雨季时经常如此)则可见另一番景象。云朵悄悄溜出一片峡谷随风飘到另一片峡谷里。天空如同获得了生命一般，似动又非动，向平原移去，追着风的方向，畅游在峡谷内嶙峋的空间里。如此一来，一朵朵小的云彩也开始彰显个性，拥有自己的思想与灵魂，奔赴着各自的使命——一大群有思想的云彩东奔西走，它们心中所想只有它们自己知道。假若云彩是属于天空的，则当它们聚集在峡谷里时，天空便亲临至此，环绕在悬崖四周，将悬崖衬托得无比之高，因为天空是如此的遥不可及。于是，从云彩那峡谷获得了无限的荣誉。2.参考答案：InOctober,1957,theSovietUnionsuccessfullylaunchedthefirstartificialsatellite,whichturnedthefirstpageinhumanhistoryofenteringthespace.Duringthehalfcenturycomingafter,humans'explorationsinouterspacehavegrownbyleapsandboundsandhavemadebrilliantachievements.Humansnotonlysuccessfullylandedonthemoon,butalsoreachedtowardevenmoredistantplanetsuchasMars.Attheendof2006,thenumberofthevarioustypesofartificialobjectsfl