2023年考博英语历年高频考题带答案难题附详解

2023年考博英语历年高频考题带答案难题附详解（图片大小可自由调整）第1卷一.历年考点试题黑钻版(共50题)1.TopicNowadayseducationinnovationisgoingoninlotsofuniversities.Inyouropinion,whatarethemostdesirablequalitiesofagoodcollegeteacher?Supportyourargumentwithspecificreasons.2.______theymustputasidetheirprejudices,______.wemustbepreparedtoaccepttheirgoodfaith.A.Justas...soB.Justas...asC.Somuch...asD.Sofar...as3.Canyouimagine!Heofferedme$5000tobreakmycontract.That's______.OfcourseIdidn'tagree.Iwouldtakelegalaction.A.fraudB.blackmailC.briberyD.compensation4.Ourcountrywasfoundedontheloftyprinciplesoffreedomandjusticeforall.Ourloftyprinciplesoughttobe______.A.faceduptoB.lookeduptoC.liveduptoD.madeupto5.Maineis______famousforitsbeautifullakesandlands.A.legallyB.formallyC.justlyD.genuinely6.受海啸影响最轻的马来西亚，在海啸发生后，当地的第二大支柱产业——旅游业——大受影响。1月19日马来西亚旅游部门的相关官员就表示，政府也在积极地采取对策，希望能尽快地恢复各国游客的信心。马来西亚旅游局官员表示，海啸中马来西亚没有外国游客死亡，旅游设施也完好，受影响的西岸一些酒店已经正常营业。7.Inhis______tofurtherknowledgeoftheuniverse,manhasnowbeguntoexplorespace.A.attemptB.expeditionC.trialD.chase8.Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingaboutinthepassage?A.Economicandculturedivide.B.Travellingtoothercountries.C.Inoculations.D.HowtokeephealthyinThirdWorldcountries.9.Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile,youmustknowhowtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems.Yourhumormustberelevanttotheaudienceandshouldhelptoshowthemthatyouareoneofthemorthatyouunderstandtheirsituationandareinsympathywiththeirpointofview.Depending'onwhomyouareaddressing,theproblemswillbedifferent.Ifyouaretalkingtoagroupofmanagers,youmayrefertothedisorganizedmethodsoftheirsecretaries:alternativelyifyouareaddressingsecretaries,youmaywanttocommentontheirdisorganizedbosses.

Hereisanexample,whichIheardatanurses'convention,ofastorywhichworkswellbecausetheaudienceallsharedthesameviewofdoctors.

Ifyouarepartofthegroupwhichyouareaddressing,youwillbeinapositiontoknowtheexperiencesandproblemswhicharecommontoallofyouandit'llbeappropriateforyoutomakeapassingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfoodorthechairmansnotoriousbadtasteinties.10.Likeanyother(constant)repeatedaction,speaking(hasto)belearned,butonceit(islearned),itbecomesagenerally(unconscious)andapparentlyautomaticprocess.A.constantB.hastoC.islearnedD.unconscious11.Althoughthespeakerwasawell-knownpersonality,hisspeechwaspoorly______.A.raisedB.deliveredC.lecturedD.preached12.1．现代人会遇到各种各样的压力

2．压力的来源

3．如何减轻自己的压力13.Hehaspointedoutthedangers______inthistypeofnuclearpowerstation.A.interiorB.inherentC.insideD.inner14.HehadeithertoleavethecountryimmediatelyortosurrenderhimselftotheNaziauthorities,andhadnoother______.A.alternativeB.hopeC.resourceD.approach15.Thecombinationof______andemotionalinteractionswithinfantsiscrucialtotheirlearningandemotionaldevelopment.A.intellectualB.integratedC.intelligentD.intelligible16.Thepoorcouple______everynightoverthedecisiontosendtheirsonstoschoolandkeepingtheironlydaughterathometohelpwithfaintingwork.A.agonizedB.descendedC.abatedD.evacuated17.Thevastmajorityofpeopleinanygivenculturewillconformestablishedstandardsofthatculture.18.Thisisanalarmingrealizationasnaturalresourcesandtheenvironmentarebeingdegradedand______atarecordpace.A.wastedB.reconstructedC.destructedD.reversed19.Butgiventerrifyingscenariosthatarenowalltoopossible,thosecostswilldeasmallpricetopayfortheextra______theywillbuy.A.securityB.sectorC.sectionD.sedation20.A50-ft.wavetravelsatspeeds______20m.p.h.,andanyonewho'stooslowattheapproachrisksbeingsmashed.A.inexcessofB.inthereachofC.inexchangeforD.inrelationto21.Hesaidthe______talksbetweenBritainandAmericahadbrokendownjustbeforeChristmas.A.bilateralB.binaryC.biannualD.bilingual22.Asan______partofChina,KongkongreturnedtotheembraceofitsmotherlandinJuly,1997.A.explicitB.orientedC.integralD.optimal23.UptonSinclair,anAmericanwriterofthe20thcentury,showedhis______geniusforrecreatingsocialhistoryinhisnovels.A.originalB.particularC.uniqueD.uncommon24.那个年轻人宁愿去广州的大学攻读信息工程，也不愿开一个自己的网站。25.Theseminar,______bytheNobelPrizewinner,probestheproblemofwildlifeextinctioninAfricancountries.A.convenedB.acquaintedC.incurredD.hauled26.Foryears,elephantswerehuntedforfoodandivory,andasaresulttheirsnumbershavebeengreatlyreduced.27.Differentculturesaremoreproneto______certainillnessesbecauseofthefoodthatischaracteristicinthesecultures.A.contractB.conductC.confineD.conquer28.Accordingtoconsumerbehaviorists,mostpeopleexperiencethesamekindsofneedsandmotives______.29.Topic:CommentontheDevelopmentoftheInternet30.Formanyyears,Markhasbeensufferingfromthe______thatheisagreatman.A.elusionB.illusionC.allusionD.delusion31.WhenPh.D.candidates______theirimpendingprofessorships,theyconsiderhousingbenefitsofferedbytheprospectiveuniversities.A.anticipateB.assumeC.applyD.demand32.Thepolicehaveaskedforthe______ofthepublicintracingthewhereaboutsofthemissingchild.A.awardB.co-operationC.positionD.helpfulness33.Ifthedisputeisnotsettledina(n)______waysoon,thetwocountrieswillcertainlygotowar.A.amiableB.amicableC.inimicalD.unfriendly34.Lifeisneverjust______.A.livingB.beingC.existingD.going35.Theminuteslater,thepolicecameand______thecrowd.A.dismayedB.dispersedC.dismountedD.distressed36.(1)Theonrushofcheapcommunications,powerfulcomputersandtheInternetallexplainwhymanypeoplefeelthat,nowadays,changeishappeningevermorerapidlyastechnologicalprogressaccelerates.Moore'slaw,thatthepowerofmicrochipsdoublesevery18months,hasbeentestedandfoundcorrect.Thisiswhatgivespeoplethesenseofaworldshiftingbeneaththeirfeet.

(2)Yettheimplicationthatrapidchangeisanewphenomenonisagainmisleading.Ifyoumeasurethetimeittakesforatechnologytobecomewidelydiffused,today'sexperiencedoesnotseemunusual.Taketheear.Thebasicpatentforaninternal-combustionenginecapableofpoweringacarwasfiledin1877.Bythelate1920s--50yearslater--overhalfofallAmericanhouseholdsownedacar.

(3)Thecomparabledatesforthecomputerarehardertotiedown,butthefirstbigcomputer,basedonvacuumvalves,wasbuiltin1946.Thetransistor--thefirstsemiconductordevice--wasinventedatBellLaboratoriesin1948.Thefirstpatentforanintegratedcircuitwasfiledin1959.Now,in1999--Thepaceofintroductionhasbeensimilartothatofthecar.(4)Youhavetocheat,choosingonlythedateforthepersonalcomputer.Say(mid-1970s),ortheinternet(ditto)tomakeitseemmuchmorerapid.

Comparingitsdiffusionamongprivateusersis,youmightsay,unfairtothecomputer,forthatmachine's,mainuseisinbusinesses.Onthatmeasure,thebesthistoricalanalogyiswithelectrification,andthespreadoftheelectricdynamointofactories.(5)AccordingtoPaulDavid,ahistorianatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia,thefirstelectricity-generatingstationshadbeeninstalledinNewYorkandLondonin1881,butitwaswellintothe1920sbeforethedynamobecamewidelyusedandstartedtoraiseproductivity.Theadoptionofthecomputerinbusinesshasalsobeenslow,andfailedtohaveanymeasurableimpactonproductivityuntilveryrecently.37.Dueinlargeparttothecomplexityofitsstructure--overtwohundredbones______togetherbyligaments--thehumanskeletonisamarvelofarchitecturalconstruction.A.bingingB.boundC.boundedD.bind38.Thereverencefortheadversarialapproachspillsoverintoallareasoflife.Insteadofansweringtheircritics,politicianslearntosidestepnegativecommentsandturnthepointaroundtoanattackonaccusers.Defenselawyersarguethecasefortheirclientsevenwhentheysuspecttheymaybeguilty.Andordinarypeopleusethecametactics--justlis-tentoyourteenagernexttimeyoupullhimupforcominghomelate.Youcanbesureastreamofabusewillflowaboutyourowntime-keeping,yourirritatinghabits,yourhisto-ryofbadparenting.39.Despitetheirspartan,isolatedlifestyle,therearenostoriesofwomenbeingrapedorwantonviolenceagainstciviliansintheregion.A.intriguingB.exasperatingC.demonstrativeD.unprovoked40.Accordingtothespeaker,thebasisofBritishhabitsofpolitenessis______.A.alwaystoregardthepolitenessasaformwithoutmeaningB.toregardprivacyasthemostimportantaspectoftheirlifeC.torefuseothers'offersautomaticallywithgreatpolitenessD.thatoneshowsconsiderationforothersandothersacknowledgehiskindnessinaproperway41.Theprevioussectionhasshownhowquicklyarhymepassesfromoneschoolchildtothenextandillustratesthefurtherdifferencebetweenschoolloreandnurserylore.42.Theword"foolish"istoomildtodescribeyourbehavior,Iwouldprefertheword______.A.ideologicalB.idyllicC.idioticD.idiomatic43.充分发挥个体、私营等非公有制经济在促进经济增长、扩大就业和活跃市场等方面的重要作用。放宽国内民间资本的市场准入领域，在投融资、税收、土地使用和对外贸易等44.BrazilianmusicisthoroughlyimbuedwithAfricanthemes,andillustriouscomposershavelongfoundinspirationintheblackmusicalheritage.A.imaginativeB.sensitiveC.distinguishedD.persistent45.Over-taxation,manyargue,impedesinitiative,sothatgovernmentincomemayactually______.A.mushroomB.capsizeC.shrinkD.dispel46.Thatsounddoesn't______inhislanguage,soit'sdifficultforhimtopronounceit.A.happenB.occurC.haveD.takeplace47.Smog-chokedSouthernCalifornia(demands)them.It'sacarforpeoplewhoneverwanttogoto(a)gasstationagain.Butthefactis,forallthetalk,selling(gas-less)machineshasbeena(hard-sell).A.demandsB.aC.gas-lessD.hard-sell48.GunmanarguesconvincinglythatthestabilityoftheBlackfamilyencouragedthetransmissionof--andsowascrucialinsustaining--theBlackheritageoffolkmusic,andreligiousexpressionfromonegenerationtoanother,aheritagethatslaveswerecontinuallyfashioningoutoftheirAfricanandAmericanexperience.49.Inhisusual______manner,hehadinsuredhimselfagainstthistypeofloss.A.indifferentB.pensiveC.cautiousD.caustic50.She______thewords,notknowingwhattosay,howtoputintoplainspeechherdecisiontofinishtheirlove.A.passedontoB.stumbledoverC.burstoutD.droppeddown第1卷参考答案一.历年考点试题黑钻版1.参考答案：(略)2.参考答案：B3.参考答案：Cfraud欺骗，欺诈；blackmail勒索；bribery贿赂；compensation补偿，赔偿；本句意思是他提出给我五千美元来违约，这是种贿赂行为，我要提起法律诉讼。所以选C。4.参考答案：C[解析]C项的“livedupto符合(原则、誓言等)”符合题意。如：DidtheTVplayliveuptoyourexpectations?(这部电视剧有你期望的那样好吗?)其他三项“：facedupto勇敢地对付；lookedupto尊敬；madeupto接近”都不正确。5.参考答案：C6.参考答案：

InMalaysia,whichwasaffectedtheleastseverelybythetsunami,itssecondgreatestkingpinindustry

tourism--underwentaveryseriouseffectaftertheoutbreakofthetsunami.

OnJan.19,officialsconcernedfromMalaysiatouristdepartmentsexpressedthatthegovernmentwastakingsomeactivecountermeasuresinthehopeofregainingtheconfidenceoftouristsfromeverycountryassoonaspossible.

TheofficialsfromMalaysiaTouristBureauexpressedthatnoforeigntouristshaddiedinMalaysiaduringtheoutbreakofthetsunami.Touristfacilitiesremainedintact.Someaffectedwineshopsonthewestcoasthavealreadyrestoredtheirbusiness.7.参考答案：D[解析]本题空格处是说追求大学里的更多的知识。chase的意思是“追求，追赶”；attempt的意思是“努力，尝试”；expedition的意思是“远征，探险”；trial的意思是“试验”。四个选项中只有D项符合题意。所以，本题选D。8.参考答案：B在这段对话中，两人谈的是去其他国家旅行是要注意的事情。故选[B]。9.参考答案：

如果你想在交谈中运用幽默逗人发笑，那你必须知道怎样辨别和听众共同的经历和难题。你的幽默必须要与听众相关，并应能够向他们表明你是他们中的一员或者能够表明你理解他们的处境并且认同他们的观点。根据听众不同，你所谈的问题也应有所不同。如果你和一群经理交谈，你可以谈论他们的秘书杂乱无序的工作方法；反过来，如果你和秘书们交谈，你也许会评论一下他们老板杂乱无章的作风。

举个例子来说，我曾在一次护士大会上听到一个效果不错的幽默故事，因为所有的听众对医生的看法相同。

如果你是听你说话的听众中的一员，你就会站在他们的角度了解对所有人来说都很普通的经历和难题，你可以评价一番难以下咽的食堂饭菜或主席对领带的品味低下。10.参考答案：A应改为constantly，因为修饰repeated，应用副词形式。11.参考答案：B[解析]各项的意思为：deliveraspeech发表演讲；raised升起，出现；lectured演讲；preached鼓吹。12.参考答案：

[参考范文]

PressuresonModernMen

Itisquiteapparentthatpeopleinmodernsocietyhavetoconfrontmoreandmorepressures,becausethepaceofcontemporarylifeismuchfasterthanever,andoldknowledgewiltsoonbesubstitutedbynewknowledge.

Differentpeoplefacedifferentpressures.Employeesareafraidofbeinglaidoffwhenthereisaneconomicdepression.Farmersfearthatfloodordroughtwillreducetheirharvest.

Asforstudents,theyhavepressuresfromsociety,schoolandparents.Aprimaryschoolstudentwhoisnotadmittedbyakeyhighschoolwilldisappointhisparentsverymuch.Inordertofindasatisfactoryjobaftergraduation,highschoolstudents'parentsexpectthemtogotouniversity.Thesamesituationoccurstouniversitystudents.Thefirstthingduringtheiruniversitylivesistogettheirdiplomas.Studentswithoutdiplomascanhardlyfindjobs.Sotheyhavetostudyhardandpassalltheexamsarrangedbytheirschoolsandthecountry.

Inmyopinion,itisundoubtedlytoughtoliveinthisworld.Iamabreadwinnerinmyfamily.Myjoblessparents,joblesswifeanddaughterarewaitingformetosupportsothatIhavetoworkhardandearnenoughmoney.ButIhavemanywaystolessenmypressures,suchasmakinggoodfriends,doingexercise.Withagoodstateofmind,IamnotafraidofanypressurewheneverImeetwithit.Instead,Ihaveturnedpressuresintoadrivingforcetomycareerdevelopment.13.参考答案：Binherent(in)固有的，与生俱来的(特征或性质)；interior(定语)内部的，室内的，如：aninteriorroom；inside在…里面，往…里面：insidethehouse；inner(定语)里面的，更靠里的，内心的，如：innerfeelings。句意：他指出了这种类型的核电站的潜在危险。14.参考答案：Aalternative可供选择的办法，事物；hope希望，信心；resource资源，财力；智谋；approach接近，走进的方法。15.参考答案：Aintellectual智力的；integrated整体和谐的；intelligent有理解力的；intelligible(尤指语言或文字)可了解的。句意：和婴儿进行情感与智力相结合的交流对他们的学习和情感的发展是至关重要的。16.参考答案：Aagonize感到极度痛苦；descend下降；abate减少，减弱；evacuate撤退。17.参考答案：C。介词遗漏。conform后面一般接介词to，意为“遵循”。18.参考答案：C[解析]四个选项的意思分别是：waste浪费；reconstruct重建；destruct破坏；reverse撤销，废除。句意是，人们吃惊地认识到，自然资源正在以前所未有的速度在被消耗掉，环境也在日益恶化，处处受到破坏。所以正确答案是C选项。19.参考答案：A[解析]这是个词义搭配题目，需要词义辨析来排除干扰项。20.参考答案：A21.参考答案：A22.参考答案：C(integral构成整体所必需的)。句意为：作为中国不可分割的一部分，香港于1997年7月回到祖国的怀抱。A．explicit明晰的，清楚的；B．oriented以……为导向的；D．optimal最适宜的，最理想的。23.参考答案：D(uncommon非凡的，杰出的)。句意为：美国二十世纪作家阿普顿·辛克莱在他的小说中显示出再现社会历史的非凡才能。A．original有独创性的；B．particular特殊的；C．unique独一无二的。24.参考答案：TheyoungmanwouldrathergotocollegesinGuangzhoufortheinformationengineeringthansetuphisownwebsite.25.参考答案：A(convene召集)。句意为：这位诺贝尔奖获得者召集的专家讨论会对非洲一些国家野生动植物灭绝的问题进行了彻底的调查。B．acquaint使认识；C．incur招致；D．haul拖，拉。26.参考答案：C27.参考答案：A[解析]A项“contract感染”符合题意。其他三项“B项conduct引导，管理，传导；C项confine限制，禁闭；D项conquer征服，战胜”都不正确。本题的空格处是说感染某种疾病。因此A项为正确答案。28.参考答案：basically29.参考答案：略30.参考答案：D31.参考答案：A32.参考答案：B[解析]B选项co-operation(合作)符合题意，如：Yourcooperationmeansmuch/agreatdealtous．(你们的协作对我们帮助极大/有很大的意义。)A选项award(奖品)、C选项position(位置，阵地)、D选项helpfulness(有益，有朋)都不正确。本题空格处是说要求公众的合作。因此B选项为正确答案。33.参考答案：B[解析]本题空格处是说不以和平方式解决。B项“amicable友善的，和平的”符合题意。其他三项“amiable可亲的；inimical敌意的；unfriendly不友善的”都不正确。34.参考答案：Bbeing存在，生命，人；living生活，生计，生存空间；existing现有的；going离去，地面状况。35.参考答案：Bdisperse使分散，驱散；dismay使惊恐，使惊愕；dismount使(掉)下马，取下，卸下；distress使痛苦，使悲伤。36.参考答案：略37.参考答案：B句意：多半是由于其结构的复杂性(人体的200多根骨头是有人带连接起来的)，因此它是建筑结构的一个奇迹。过去分词短语用做后置修饰词。38.参考答案：对敌对方法的敬畏影响到生活的各个层面。政治家不正面回应批评，避开负面的评论，转而攻击发难者。39.参考答案：Dwanton恣意的；unprovoked无缘无故的；intriguing有迷惑力的；exasperating令人愤怒的；