2023年研究生类研究生入学考试专业课英语专业英美文学历年高频考题带答案难题附详解

2023年研究生类研究生入学考试专业课英语专业英美文学历年高频考题带答案难题附详解（图片大小可自由调整）第1卷一.历年考点试题黑钻版(共50题)1.WhowasthemostfamousofallAmericaninventorsandinventedelectriclamp,phonograph,motionpicturesandparallelcircuit?______A.JohnStevens.B.AlexanderGrahamBell.C.ThomasAlvaEdison.D.JohnH.Hall.2.______byJosephHelleristherepresentativenovelofblackhumor.3.Britainisnowa______societywhichproducesapopulationofwhich1in20areof______ethnicity.4."WASP"standsfor______.5."Mostmenwhohaveneverbeenmarriedareobsessedwithgirls."

"Oh?Idon'tknow."

"Well,Ido,becauseIknowallbachelorsare."6.Thecityof______ishometothesecondlargestChinesecommunityinNorthAmerica.A.OttawaB.VancouverC.TorontoD.Montreal7.AllAmericansareoptimistic.8.Makeacomparisonbetweenthestateschoolsandtheindependentschools.9.WhichofthevaluesofProtestantismpromotesalifestyleofsimplicity?______A.Rationalism.B.Individualism.C.Asceticism.D.Hardworkandworldlysuccess.10.TheUSConstitution11.Forthefollowingfourtypesofmusic,______isconsideredtheUnitedStates'uniquecontribution.A.RockandRollB.JazzC.WesternandCountrymusicD.Classicalmusic12.Thejudicialbranchiscomposedofthreetiers:theSupremeCourtcreatedbytheUSConstitution,11______and91______createdbytheCongress.TheSupremeCourtiscomposedofChiefJusticeandassociatejustices.13.TheauthorofDeathofaTravelingSalesmanis______.A.EudoraWeltyB.ArthurMillerC.TennesseeWilliamsD.CarsonMcCullers14.In1965,CanadaandAmericasignedthe______toensurefreertradeincars,whichwouldbenefitbothsides.15.WhatwerethethreeareasofpolicyofMulticulturalismin1989?16.theIRA17.HenryDavidThoreau18.______,inthesouthernpartoftheAlps,isthehighestmountaininNewZealand.19.ThefirstpermanentEnglishsettlementinNorthAmericawasestablishedat______.A.JamestownB.NewYorkC.BostonD.Concord20.ThefirstCatholicPresidentintheUnitedStateswas______,andJimmyCarterpreached______duringhiscampaignfortheDemocraticnominationin1976.21.ThemostimportantfunctionoftheUSSupremeCourt,knownasthepowerofjudicial______consistsofdeterminingwhether______legislationorexecutiveactionviolatestheConstitution.22.WhatmodernisttechniquedoesVirginiaWoolfemployinhernovelslikeMrs.DallowayandTotheLighthouse?23.Maoritanga24.Whoorganizedthe"HotFive"andthe"HotSeven"andmadeaseriesofrecordingswhichrepresentedtheoriginoftheChicagostyleofjazz?______A.Gertrude"Ma"Rainey.B.BessieSmith.C.LouisArmstrong.D.EarlHines.25.TheStatuteofWestminsterAdoptionAct,passedbytheCurtinGovernmentin1942,providedthatinfuturethe______couldonlylegislateforAustraliaatAustralia'sspecificrequest.26.Author______Title______

Thebrightnessofhercheekwouldshamethosestars.

Asdaylightdothalamp;hereyesinheaven

Wouldthroughtheairyregionstreamsobright

Thatbirdswouldsingandthinkitwerenotnight.27.WhyisGeoffreyChaucersoimportantinEnglishliterature?28.CanadaandAmericadifferfromeachotherintheirslogans.WhileAmericawasfoundedontheideaofindividualism—Americansaspireto"______"—Canadiansfoundedanationbasedon"______".29.ThefirstblackswerebroughttoNorthAmericaas______.A.servantsB.slavesC.farmersD.teachers30.ThecapitalofScotlandis______,whichiswellknownforitsnatural______.31.TheGoldenNotebook32.AsaliterarytrendinBritain,______cameasaresultofdiscountofcertainenlightenersinsocialrealityinthemiddleof18thCentury.A.SentimentalismB.ImagismC.SocialCriticismD.Modernism33."Ihaveadreamthatonedaythisnationwillriseup,liveoutthetruemeaningofitscreed:weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallmenarecreatedequal."Fromwhichofthefollowingspeakersistheabovestatementpossiblyquoted?______A.ThomasJefferson.B.AbrahamLincoln.C.PatrickHenry.D.MartinLutherKing,Jr.34.WhyhasBostonbeencalledthe"cradleofAmericanliberty"?35.TheformaldiplomaticrelationbetweenChinaandtheUSwasestablishedunderPresident______.A.NixonB.CarterC.BushD.Reagan36.TheeconomicsystemoftheUnitedStatesisknownas______.37.ThesecondPresidentJohnAdamscompletedtheLouisianaPurchase,whichmorethandoubledthesizeoftheUnitedStates.38.Britainissaidtobe"anawkwardpartner"intheEuropeanUnionbysomecritics.Commentandgiveyourreasons.39.KingLear40.Bythe1870s,the______constitutedthethirdlargestgroupinAustralia,aftertheBritishandGermans.41.WhichofthefollowingisnotinNewYorkCity?______A.Hollywood.B.Broadway.C.RockefellerCenter.D.Harlem.42.DoesAmericanagriculturehaveitstroubles?Whatarethey?HowdoestheUSgovernmentdealwiththem?43.Originally,freedomcharacterizestheconditionsof______asopposedtoits______.44.WhataresomeofthecharacteristicsoftheBritishConstitution?Pleaseuseexamplestoillustrateyourpoint.45.Acentralconceptof______isthatindividualpeopleown,andareobligedtouseandexploitthelandforthegreatergloryoftheirGod.46.Buddhism,IslamandHinduismwerethenon-Christianreligions.TherewasasignificanceproportionalincreasewhenAustraliabecameamulti-culturalsocietyinthe______.47.TheMinistryofAgricultureandFisheriesenforces______,animalwelfareandpestanddiseasemanagement.48.IntheU.S.,religiousinstructioninpublicschoolsis______,accordingtoarulingbytheSupremeCourt.49.AnecdoteoftheJar50.RalphWaldoEmerson第1卷参考答案一.历年考点试题黑钻版1.参考答案：C[解析]托马斯·埃尔瓦·爱迪生是美国最著名的发明家，他的重要发明包括：白炽灯、留声机、电影、并联电路等。2.参考答案：Catch-22[解析]海勒的代表作《第二十二条军规》被认为是黑色幽默的第一部作品。3.参考答案：multiracial；non-European[解析]英国是一个多种族国家，其人口的二十分之一是非欧洲血统。4.参考答案：WhiteAnglo-SaxonProtestant[解析]WASP指美国盎格鲁-撒克逊白人新教。早期到北美大陆定居的欧洲人大多属于各种新教教派，他们的宗教和价值观对美国主流文化的形成起到了极大的作用。5.参考答案：Theword"bachelor"meansmorethan"amanwhohasneverbeenmarried".Thelogicextensionofthelaststatementchangesfromtheprevioussmallgroupofpeopletoawiderrangeofpeople,includingthosewhohavereceivedcollegeeducation.[解析]“bachelor”有两种不同的解读。在对话中，后句正是偷换了前句中“bachelor”的概念。6.参考答案：B[解析]如今温哥华是北美仅次于旧金山的第二大华人群体所在地。7.参考答案：B[解析]美国人与生俱来的乐观情绪在最近几十年已经被一些世界事件所动摇了，但是他们依然比较乐观。8.参考答案：StateschoolsholdthemajorityinBritain,sincenearly94%ofBritishschoolsarestateschools.Englishstateschoolsarenon-fee-payingasdistinctfromindependentschools.AllstateschoolsarecontrolledbytheLocalEducationAuthorities.Eachschoolhasaboardofunpaidgovernorsormanagers,agroupoflocalcitizenswhogivehelpandadvicetotheschools.Independentschoolsoperateoutofthisstatesystem.Eachindependentschoolhasaboardofgovernorsseparatelyconstituted.Theycontrolthefinancesandappointtheheadmaster,whointurnappointstheotherteachers.About96%ofallchildrengotostateschools,withonly4%ofthemattendingindependentschools.9.参考答案：C[解析]禁欲主义主张简单生活，不浪费财富。10.参考答案：TheUSConstitutionistheoldestwrittenconstitutionintheworldwhichwasdrawnupin1787.IntheConstitutionalConvention,delegatesfrom12statesdiscussedanddesignedaplanforanewformofgovernmenttostrengthentheArticlesofConfederation,whichiscalledtheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates.ItactsasthebasicinstrumentofAmericangovernmentandthesupremelawoftheland.Ithasbeenthebasisfortheevolutionofgovernmentinstitutionsandforpoliticalstability,economicgrowthandsocialprogressintheUS.11.参考答案：B[解析]爵士乐为美国各个阶级所广泛接受；强调即兴发挥；被认为是美国对世界音乐界的独特贡献。12.参考答案：FederalCourtsofAppeals；FeberalDistrictCourts[解析]司法部门分三级，最高法院是最高司法部门；由一名首席法官与八名副法官组成，司法部门还包括国会设立的11个联邦上诉法院以及91个联邦地方法院。13.参考答案：A[解析]尤多拉·韦尔蒂(EudoraWelty)，1909-2001，美国著名女作家。《巡回推销员之死》(DeathofaTravelingSalesman，1936)是她的作品。

田纳西·威廉姆斯(TennesseeWilliams)，1911-1983，20世纪美国最重要的剧作家之一。他于1948年及1955年分别以他的《欲望街车》(AStreetcarNamedDesire)及《热铁皮屋顶上的猫》(CatonAHotTimRoof)赢得普利策戏剧奖。除此之外，《玻璃动物园》(TheGlassMenagerie)在1945年以及《大蜥蜴之夜》(TheNightoftheIguana)在1961年拿下纽约戏剧评论奖(NewYorkDramaCritics'CircleAward)。1952年他的《玫瑰刺青》(TheRoseTattoo)获得东尼奖最佳戏剧的殊荣。14.参考答案：AutoPact[解析]1965年，加美签署汽车协定，确保两国之间更为自由的汽车贸易，这对双方都有利处，为它们以后签订《自由贸易协定》铺平了道路。15.参考答案：In1989Multiculturalismwasidentifiedascomprisingthreeareasofpolicy:①CulturalIdentity,whichmeanstherighttoexpressandshareone'sculturalheritage;②SocialJustice,therighttoequaltreatmentandopportunity;③EconomicEfficiency,theneedtomaintainanddeveloptheskillsofallAustraliansregardlessoftheirbackgrounds.16.参考答案：TheIRA,shortfortheIrishRepublicanArmy,wasarevolutionarymilitaryorganizationengagedintheunificationofIreland.ItwasdescendedfromtheIrishVolunteers,andrefusedtoacceptaseparateNorthernIrelandunderBritishdomination.In1969,itsplitintoan"official"majority,whichwasopposedtoviolence,andtheProvisionalIRA,aterroristwingwhousedattacksontheBritisharmedforcesinNorthernIreland,assassination,bombings,andotherterroristviolenceinEnglandtoopposeBritishrule.17.参考答案：AnAmericanessayistwhosemasterpieceisWalden;or,LifeintheWoods.18.参考答案：MLCook[解析]全国最高峰库克山位于阿尔卑斯山南部。19.参考答案：A[解析]本题考查美洲的历史，即1607年，英国殖民者在弗吉尼亚州的詹姆斯敦建立了第一个永久殖民地。20.参考答案：JohnF.Kennedy；theBaptist(doctrine)[解析]美国第三十五任总统肯尼迪(1917—1963)是美国历史上第一位信奉天主教的总统。第三十九位总统吉米·卡特是浸礼会教友，在竞选过程中曾宣扬其宗教信仰。21.参考答案：review；congressional[解析]美国政治实行三权分立制度，即立法(thelegislative)、行政(theexecutive)和司法(thejudicial)，其中司法机构为最高法院(theSupremeCourt)，美国联邦最高法院享有特殊的司法审查权(judicialreview)，即有权通过具体案例宣布联邦或各州的法律是否违宪。22.参考答案：InhernovelslikeMrs.DallowayandTotheLighthouse,VirginiaWoolftakesadvantageofstreamofconsciousness,anarrativemodethatpresentsthethoughtsandfeelingsofacharacterastheyoccur.Itfocusesontheconsciousexperienceofanindividualregardedasacontinuous,flowingseriesofimagesandideasrunningthroughthemind.[解析]本题考查伍尔芙小说的写作手法——意识流，考生可以对此进行简要的作答。23.参考答案：MaoritangaistheMaoriwordfor"Maoriculture".ItreferstoalltheelementsoftherichculturalheritageoftheindigenouspeopleinNewZealand,includingtheirlanguage,customsandtraditions.24.参考答案：C[解析]路易斯·阿姆斯特朗组建了“五人热派”乐队与“七人热派”乐队，并录制了一系列爵士音乐作品，这些作品代表了芝加哥风格爵士乐的起源，也反映了芝加哥喧嚣的20年代的生活。25.参考答案：BritishGovernment[解析]1942年，澳大利亚科廷政府通过威斯敏斯特接受法案。法案规定，在未来，英国政府只能在澳大利亚的特殊要求下才能为澳大利亚立法。26.参考答案：WilliamShakespeare,RomeoandJuliet.[解析]注意到文中的五步抑扬格。27.参考答案：GeoffreyChaucerwasthegreatestpoetinMiddleEnglishliteratureandoneofthethreeEnglishpoetrygiants.HeisregardedasthefatherofEnglishpoetry.ItwashismasterpieceTheCanterburyTalesthatestablishedhisimportantrole.ItisthemostsignificantworkinMiddleEnglishliterature.Asacollectionoftalestoldwithoutstandingpoeticcraft,itgivesafullrepresentationofmedievallife.28.参考答案：life,libertyandthepursuitofhappiness；peace,orderandgoodgovernment[解析]美国建立在个人主义的基础之上，他们崇尚“生命、自由和对幸福的追求”，而加拿大人则在“和平、秩序和好政府”的思想基础之上建立国家。29.参考答案：B[解析]黑人最初是作为奴隶被带到北美的。30.参考答案：Edinburgh；beauty[解析]苏格兰首府爱丁堡是一个历史悠久、风景秀丽的文化城市，素有“北方雅典”之称，还有“欧洲最美丽城市”之誉。31.参考答案：AnovelwrittenbyDorisLessing.32.参考答案：A[解析]伤感主义是18世纪中叶欧洲资产阶级启蒙运动中的一种文艺思潮，也称为“主情主义”。该派的得名，源于英国作家斯特恩(Stern)的小说《在法国和意大利的感伤的旅行》(ASentimentalJourneythroughFranceandItaly)。该派作家崇尚感情，把感情看得高于“理性”，因而强调文学的主要任务是细致刻画人物的心理动态和描写人物的不幸遭遇，以便唤起读者在感情上的同情和共鸣，表达出对当时贵族阶级的理性主义和古典主义的反抗。伤感主义把个人主义和主观幻想的因素带进文艺，对19世纪浪漫主义文学的产生和发展产生较大影响，所以又被称为“前浪漫主义”。其作品形式多用日记、自白、书简、游记、回忆体，并采用第一人称。代表作家有英国的斯特恩，理查逊，法国的卢梭(如《忏悔录》《遐想录》)，伏尔泰，德国的歌德，里希特，海涅等等。33.参考答案：D[解析]ThomasJefferson托马斯·杰斐逊，美国第3任总统，《独立宣言》的主要起草人；AbrahamLincoln亚伯拉罕·林肯，第16任总统，废除了奴隶制；PatrickHenry帕特里克·亨利，美国演说家，他的名言是“不自由毋宁死”；MartinLutherKing,Jr.马丁·路德·金1963年发表演说《我有一个梦想》，次年获得诺贝尔和平奖。34.参考答案：Bostonhasbeencalledthe"cradleofAmericanliberty"becauseintheBostonareatookplacemanyhistoriceventsthatledtotheAmericanWarofIndependence,suchastheBostonMassacre,theBostonTeaPartyandthefirstshotsatLexingtonfiredfortheindependenceofAmerica.ActuallyBostonhasbecomethebiggestcityinMassachusettsknownforitstime-honoredhistoryandculture.35.参考答案：B[解析]中美两国的正式外交关系是在卡特总统在任时建立的。36.参考答案：privatefreecapitalism[解析]美国的经济体制是私有自由资本主义。37.参考答案：B[解析]美国第三任总统托马斯·杰斐逊于1803年完成了路易斯安那购地案；购地所涉及的土地面积与当时美国国土面积大致相等。38.参考答案：BritainhasalwaysbeenregardedasanawkwardpartnerintheEU,becauseitisoftenatoddswithitspartners.However,themembershipintheEuropeanUnionisofsignificancetoBritaininthedailyrunningofitsaffairs.Afterthreetimesofapplication,BritaineventuallyjoinedtheEuropeanEconomicCommunityin1973.ThiswasanimportantpsychologicaldecisionforthecountrybecausetraditionallyBritainhadlookedbeyonditsEuropeanneighborhoods,feelingthatithadmoreincommonwiththeUSandtheCommonwealth.Butinreality,Britisheconomic,politicalandmilitaryinterestswerealreadydeeplyboundupwithotherEuropeancountries.

ThroughitsinvolvementinNATO,BritainwascommittedtoEuropeandefensecooperation.AlthoughtheUSwasanimportanttradepartner,sowereWesternEuropeancountries.Today,Britain'sparticipationintheEuropeanUnionremainscontroversial.Britaindoesn'thaveaharmoniousrelationshipwiththeEU.

AtthecentreofthecontroversyisthefactthatitisnotclearwhattheEuropeanUnionisandwhatitwillbecome.Ontheonehand,theUKhasalwaysbeenveryinterestedinsupportingfreetradebetweennationsandisthereforeverysupportiveoftheEUasafreetradearea.Ontheotherhand,theUKhasalwaysbeenlessenthusiasticaboutgivingupitsnationalsovereigntytoaEuropeangovernment.TheUKlikestothinkoftheEUasaplacewhereeconomiccooperationispossible.ItislesscertainaboutthepossibilityoftheEUbecomingafederal"super-state"wherenationalgovernmentshavetheirpowersreduced,becomingprovincessubservienttoakindofEuropeanfederalgovernment.

BecausetherearemanycontroversiesbetweenBritainanditsEuropeanpartnersaboutthefutureoftheEU,lookingfromoutsideBritainis"anawkwardpartner"whichseemsnotreallycommittedtoEurope.Britain,whileoftenatthecentreofpolicycontroversieswithitsfellowEUpartners,isneverthelessdeeplycommittedtoit.EventhoughBritainhashadtoacceptsomeEUpolicieswhichtheydonotentirelyagreewith,theyareteammembersandabidebytherules.39.参考答案：AplaywrittenbyWilliamShakespeare.40.参考答案：Chinese[解析]到19世纪70年代的时候，中国移民总数在澳大利亚位居第三，排在英国和德国之后。41.参考答案：A[解析]Broadway百老汇、RockefellerCenter洛克菲勒中心、Harlem哈莱姆都位于纽约市。Hollywood好莱坞位于加州洛杉矶市，是世界著名的电影城市。42.参考答案：OfcourseAmericanagriculturehasadarksideaswellasabrightside.Themainproblemisstilloverproductionandthinprofits.Cropsurplusesandlowpriceshavemadeithardformanyfarmerstomakeaprofit.Inaddition,Americanagricultureexportsarefacingwithtenseinternationalcompetition.WhilecriticizingtheEuropeanCommunityandCanadaforsubsidizingtheiragriculturalexports,theUSgovernmentalsotrieshardtohelpAmericanfarmers.

Themajormeasuresareasfollows:(1)AverageLimitations.Farmerscangetspecialsubsidiesbytakingpartoftheirlandoutofproduction.Thispolicyaimsatreductionofthetotalagriculturaloutputandmaintainingofreasonableprices.(2)PriceSupports.Firstthegovernmentsetspricesforcertainagriculturalproducts.Ifthemarketpricesriseabovethetargetpricessetbythegovernment,farmersmayselltheirproductsontheopenmarketfreely.Ifthepricesfallbelowthetargetprices,farmerscanselltheirproducttothegovernmentatthepricealreadypromisedbythegovernment.(3)DeficiencyPayments.Thepolicyprovidesadirectformofincomesupportforfarmers.Thegovernmentsetsatargetpriceforvariouscropsandfarmersmustfirstremovesomeoftheirlandfromproduction,ffthemarketpricefallsshortofthetargetpricewhenfarmersselltheirproducts,theywillreceiveacheckfromthegovernmenttomakeupthedifference.(4)Thegovernmentgivesfarmersloansoneasytermsandoffersfinancialhelpfortheirseedingunusedlandtograss.Farmerscanalsogetfundfromgovernmentiftheyirrigatetheircropsinthedryareas.Besides,theUSgovernmentencouragesforeigncountriestobuyAmericanfarmproductsbyprovidingthemwithshort-termloanstohelpfarmersselltheirproductsabroad.Itmaybeaburdenonthegovernment,butitisnecessaryformaintainingthehealthydevelopmentofagriculture.43.参考答案：Athens，slaves[解析]Freedom最初主要用于描述雅典的自由公民的生存状态，其对立面是奴隶。44.参考答案：(1)Britishconstitutionisanunwrittenconstitution,thatistosay,theconstitutionisnotwrittendowninasingledocument,doesn'thaveamorestrictestablishingandamendingprocessthananycommonlaw.Infact,muchoftheconstitutionisnotwrittenatall,buthasdevelopedoverthecenturiesandhasbecomeacceptedby"convention",i.e.thenormalandacceptedwayofdoingpoliticalbusiness.TheBritishConstitutioncomprisesmultipledocuments.(2)BritishConstitutionisflexible,whichmeansthatthedemocraticallyelectedHouseofCommonscanaltertheselawswithamajorityvote.Theconstitutioncontinuallyevolvesasnewlawsarepassedandjudicialdecisionsarehandeddown.AlllawspassedbyParliamentareregardedasconstitutional,andchangesoramendmentstotheconstitutionoccurwhenevernewlegislationoverridesexistinglaw.45.参考答案：Protestantism[解析]新教主义的中心理念是个人拥有土地，并有义务利用开发土地来为他们信仰的上帝赢得更大的荣耀。46.参考答案：1970s[解析]19世纪中期，在澳大利亚的佛教，伊斯兰教和印度教有小幅度的发展，20世纪初由于种族歧视而有所减少，20世纪70年代澳大利亚变为多元文化后，信仰这些宗教的人数比例有了显著的增长。47.参考答案：agriculturalsecurity[解析]新西兰农渔业部致力于保证农产品安全、动物福利以及虫害与疾病管理。48.参考答案：unconstitutional[解析]政教分离是美国宗教的主要特点之一；美国高等法院规定，在公立学校进行宗教教育是违反宪法的。49.参考答案：ItisapoemwrittenbyWallaceStevensinthe20thcentury.50.参考答案：InaStationoftheMetrowasfirstpublishedin1913andisconsideredoneoftheleadingpoemsoftheImagisttradition.WritteninaJapanesehaikustyle,Pound'sprocessofdeletionfromthirtylinestoonlyfourteenwordstypifiesImagism'sfocusoneconomyoflanguage,precisionofimageryandexperimentingwithnon-traditionalverseforms.ThepoemisPound'swrittenequivalentforthemomentofrevelationandintenseemotionhefeltattheMetroatLaConcorde,Paris.Poundexplainsinhisarticvalue.

Thepoemisessentiallyasetofimagesthathaveunexpectedli