2023年研究生入学考试英语二历年高频考题带答案难题附详解

2023年研究生入学考试英语二历年高频考题带答案难题附详解（图片大小可自由调整）第1卷一.历年考点试题黑钻版(共50题)1.Directions:

Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingtable.Inyourwritingyoushould

1)describethetable,and

2)giveyourcomments.

Youshouldwriteatleast150words.

WriteyouressayonANSWERSHEET2.

2.Directions:

Writeanessaybasedonthechartbelow.Inyourwriting,youshould

1)interpretthechart,and

2)giveyourcomments.

Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

某高校2013年和2018年本科毕业生去向统计3.Millennialsareexceptionalinmanyways.Theyarebettereducatedthantheirpredecessors,moreculturallydiverse,andmoreeconomicallyactive.Yettheyfacegreaterdifficultiesincludingeconomicuncertaintyandlackoffinancialplanning.Youngmillennialslacktheeducationinmanagingfinanceswhichisimperativewhenapplyingforcredit,stayingoutofdebt,long-termwealthcreationaswellassavingforlife'suncertainties.

Eveniftheamountissmall,startsaving.Prioritisingsavingswillmakeyoufinanciallydisciplinedwhichwillinturninstilstrongfinancialhabitsthatcanlastalifetime.Hereakeytipwouldbe—Don'tsavewhatisleftafterspending;spendwhatisleftaftersaving.4.KaraokeisaverypopularformofentertainmentinAsia.KaraokewasfirstmadepopularbyDaisukeInoueinKobe,Japan,in1971.Bythe1980s,therewasavastarrayofkaraokeproductsonthemarketinAsia.Thevideogame,KaraokeRevolution,wasreleasedintheyearof2003.Inthisgame,playerscouldreceiveascorebasedontheirsingingperformance.Karaokeservicesthenbecameavailablethroughmobilephones,anduserscouldalsoplaykaraokesongsusingsoftwareontheirpersonalcomputers.WebsitesstartedpoppingupallovertheInternet,creatingaglobalkaraokecommunity.Onthesesites,singerscanrecordandevenvideothemselvesperforming.Evensomecarmanufacturersjumpedonthekaraokebandwagonandhadkaraokeplayersinstalledaspartofacar'sDVDplayer.ThereareevenVCDsavailablenowforChineseoperakaraoke,sothattheelderlycanhavefunsingingsongsofthepast.5.Directions:

Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyourwriting,youshould

1)interpretthechart,and

2)giveyourcomments.

Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

6.Directions:

Inthispart,youareaskedtowriteanessayaccordingtotheinformationbelow.Youshouldwritemorethan150wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

如今，名人(celebrity)在大学里当客座教授或兼职教授的现象很普遍，对于这种现象，不同的人持有不同的看法，请表明你的观点。7.Intelligencequotients(IQs)testingiscontroversialandregardedbysomeasacrudeindicatorofabilityorpotential.Whencomparingnations,measuredaverageIQtendstobeaffectedbyclass,nutrition,andculturalfactorsincludingeducation.Thereisalsodisagreementovertheinfluencesofnatureandnurture.

IQshaverisenindevelopednationsforalmostacentury.ButinBritain,researchhasfoundareversalofthistrend.Theaveragehaddeclinedbytwopointsonaverage,butbyasmuchassixpointsamongteenagersinthetophalfoftheIQscale,afallthatwipedouttheprevioustwodecadesofgainsinthatgroup.

NocauseforthisfallinIQshasbeenestablished:theinternet,thedumbingdownofeducation,andanobsessionwithexamresultshavebeensuggested.Flynnhasarguedthatyouthculturehasmadeacontribution.8.Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthechartbelow.Inyourwriting,youshould

1)interpretthechart,and

2)giveyourcomments.

Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

在线教育市场规模(单位：亿元)

(注：e=estimate，即估计值)9."Sustainability"hasbecomeapopularwordthesedays,buttoTedNing,theconceptwillalwayshavepersonalmeaning.Havingenduredapainfulperiodofunsustainabilityinhisownlifemadeitcleartohimthatsustainability-orientedvaluesmustbeexpressedthrougheverydayactionandchoice.

Ningrecallsspendingaconfusingyearinthelate1990ssellinginsurance.He'dbeenthroughthedot-cornboomandburstand,desperateforajob,signedonwithaBoulderagency.

Itdidn'tgowell."Itwasareallybadmovebecausethat'snotmypassion,"saysNing,whosedilemmaaboutthejobtranslated,predictably,intoalackofsales."Iwasmiserable.IhadsomuchanxietythatIwouldwakeupinthemiddleofthenightandstareattheceiling.Ihadnomoneyandneededthejob.Everyonesaid,'Justwait,you'llturnthecorner,giveitsometime.'"10.Directions:

SupposeyougotsomereferencebooksandaletterfromMr.LiMingafewdaysago,butyoudidnotreplyintime.Writealettertohimtomakeareply.Yourlettershouldinclude:

1)Thepurpose;

2)Yourreasons;

3)Yoursincerehope.

Youshouldwriteabout100words.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.11.Inmostpublicschoolstoday,teachersaresimplyrated"satisfactory"or"unsatisfactory,"andevaluationsconsistofhavingtheprincipalobserveaclassforafewminutesacoupleoftimeseachyear.

Manydistrictsandstatesaretryingtomovetowardbetterpersonnelsystemsforevaluationandimprovement.Unfortunately,someeducationadvocatesinNewYork,LosAngelesandothercitiesareclaimingthatagoodpersonnelsystemcanbebasedonrankingteachersaccordingtotheir"value-addedrating"—ameasurementoftheirimpactonstudents'testscores—andpublicizingthenamesandrankingsonlineandinthemedia.

Iamastrongsupporterofmeasuringteachers'effectiveness,andmyfoundationworkswithmanyschoolstohelpmakesurethatsuchevaluationsimprovetheoverallqualityofteaching.Butpubliclyrankingteachersbynamewillnothelpthemgetbetterattheirjobsorimprovestudentlearning.Onthecontrary,itwillmakeitalothardertoimplementteacherevaluationsystemsthatwork.12.ApoacherintheUnitedStateshasbeenorderedtowatchtheDisneyclassicBambiaspartofhissentenceforillegallykillinghundredsofdeer.DavidBerry,29,wasorderedbyacourtinMissouritowatchthefilmatleastonceamonthduringhisyearlongjailsentenceinwhatconservationagentshavecalledoneofthelargestdeerpoachingcasesinstatehistory.Theclassic1942animatedmovieisaboutababydeernamedBambiwhosemotherisshotandkilledbyhunters.Itisnotthefirst"bizarre"sentence.In2003,twoteenagersfromChicagoweresentencedto45daysinjailandorderedtomarchthroughthecenteroftheirhometownwithadonkey.TheywerefoundguiltyofstealinganddefacingastatueofthebabyJesus.13.AIsystemsmusthetrainedhowbesttointeractwithhumans.Whileorganizationsacrosssectorsarenowintheearlystagesoffillingtrainerroles,leadingtechcompaniesandresearchgroupsalreadyhavematuretrainingstaffsandexpertise.ConsiderMicrosoft'sAIassistant.Thebotrequiredextensivetrainingtodevelopjusttherightpersonality:confident,caring,andhelpfulbutnotbossy.Instillingthosequalitiestookcountlesshoursofattentionbyateamthatincludedapoet,anovelist,andaplay-wright.Similarly,humantrainerswereneededtodevelopthepersonalitiesofApple'sSiriandAmazon'sAlexatoensurethattheyaccuratelyreflectedtheircompanies'brands.Siri,forexample,hasjustatouchofsassiness,asconsumersmightexpectfromApple.14.Itisjustoneexampleofthegrowingconcernovertheincreasingpowerconsumptionandenvironmentalimpactofcomputers.Astudyfoundthatthepowerconsumptionofdatacentersdoubledbetween2000and2005,andnowaccountsfor1.2%ofAmericanelectricityconsumption,thoughotherestimatesputthefigureat4%.Companiesnowspendasmuchas10%oftheirtechnologybudgetsonenergy,saysRakeshKumarofGartner,aconsultancy.

Powerconsumptionhasincreasedbecauseoftheriseoftheinternet,ofcourse,butalsobecauseofwayinwhichcomputershavehistoricallybeendesigned:tomaximizeperformanceatallcosts.Between1996and2006,thenumberofserversinusewentfrom6millionto28millionandtheaveragepowerconsumptionofeachservergrewfrom150wattsto400watts.Butthingsarenowstartingtochangeandthecomputerindustryhasbeenseizedwithenthusiasmfor"greencomputing".15.Whowouldhavethoughtthat,globally,theITindustryproducesaboutthesamevolumeofgreenhousegasesastheworld'sairlinesdo—roughly2percentofallCO2emissions?

Manyeverydaytaskstakeasurprisingtollontheenvironment.AGooglesearchcanleakbetween0.2and7.0gramsofCO2,dependingonhowmanyattemptsareneededtogetthe"right"answer.Todeliverresultstoitsusersquickly,then,Googlehastomaintainvastdatacentresaroundtheworld,packedwithpowerfulcomputers.WhileproducinglargequantitiesofCO2,thesecomputersemitagreatdealofheat,sothecentresneedtobewellair-conditioned,whichusesevenmoreenergy.

However,Googleandotherbigtechprovidersmonitortheirefficiencycloselyandmakeimprovements.Monitoringisthefirststepontheroadtoreduction,butthereismuchmoretobedone,andnotjustbybigcompanies.16.Teenagesmokinghaslongbeenoneofthemostseriouspublic-healthissues.SmokingistheleadingcauseofpreventabledeathintheUnitedStates,and9in10Americansmokershadtheirfirsttasteoftobaccobeforetheageof18.Althoughpoliciestocurbteensmokingshowedsignsofsuccessforatime,youthtobaccoratesremainedstagnantbetween2011and2015.Duringthisperiod,theuseofe-cigarettesamonghighschoolstudentsincreasedbyastaggering900percent.

Withthesestatisticsinmind,therecentdeclineinteentobaccoande-cigaretteuseisanencouragingsignalthatinterventionsmaybeworking.Itisdifficulttodeterminecausation,butexpertshaveattributedthedroptoarangeoffederal,stateandlocalpoliciesdesignedtodissuadeyoungadultsfromusingtobacco,suchasincreasingtobaccotaxesandexpandingantismokingordinancestoincludee-cigarettesandothernewproducts.17.ThebiggestpriceoftheU.S.economy,byfar,istheconsumersector.Itrepresents70%ofGDP(国内生产总值)inmostyears.Butconsumerssufferedhistoricsetbacksin2008and2009.Accordingtoareport,13%ofhouseholdsexperienced"substantialfinancialstress".Thiscompareswithonly1%duringtheprevioustworecessions.Anditiswhyconsumerspendingfellsosharplyin2009,asfrightenedhouseholdscutback.

Ithastakenyearsfortotalhouseholdfinancestorecoverfully,butnowtheyhave.Totalhouseholdnetworthisnowwellaboveits2007peak,drivenbytherecoveryinstockpricesandhomevalues.Householddebt-to-incomeratiosarethelowestinmorethan30years.Andthefirsthalfof2014hasseenemploymentbegintotakeoffandtheunemploymentratehasfallen.Theoveralloutlookforconsumerspending,theengineoftheeconomy,ishealthyagain.18.Likeexaminations,theannualrankingofschoolisanecessaryevil.Itisaboontoschoolswhichdowellandabanetothosewhichfailtomeasureup.Rankingisgoodinthatitwillleadtocompetitionwhichwillraisetheoverallteachingstandardsofschools.However,competitioncanbebothvirtuousandviciousanditisquiteimpossibletojustretaintheformerandsaynotothelatter.

Thenegativeeffectsoftheinevitableviciouscompetitionmaybealotmoredamagingthanwethink.Foraschooltoprovethatithasmadeprogressandemergewinnerintheyearlybattle,theprincipal,teachersandpupilswillallhavetofocustheirtimeandenergyonachievingexcellentacademicresults.

Itisunfortunatethattoalargeextent,academicscoreshavebecometheprimaryconcerninthelearningprocess.19.Directions:

Supposeyouhavefoundsomethingwrongwiththeelectronicdictionarythatyouboughtfromanonlinestoretheotherday.Writeanemailtothecustomerservicecenterto

1)makeacomplaintand

2)demandapromptsolution.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"ZhangWei"instead.

Donotwriteyouraddress.20.Directions:

Supposeyouruniversityisgoingtohostasummercampforhighschoolstudents.Writeanoticeto

1)brieflyintroducethecampactivities,and

2)callforvolunteers.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

Donotuseyournameorthenameofyouruniversity.

Donotwriteyouraddress.21.Teenagesmokinghaslongbeenoneofthemostseriouspublic-healthissues.SmokingistheleadingcauseofpreventabledeathintheUnitedStates,and9in10Americansmokershadtheirfirsttasteoftobaccobeforetheageof18.Althoughpoliciestocurbteensmokingshowedsignsofsuccessforatime,youthtobaccoratesremainedstagnantbetween2011and2015.Duringthisperiod,theuseofe-cigarettesamonghighschoolstudentsincreasedbyastaggering900percent.

Withthesestatisticsinmind,therecentdeclineinteentobaccoande-cigaretteuseisanencouragingsignalthatinterventionsmaybeworking.Itisdifficulttodeterminecausation,butexpertshaveattributedthedroptoarangeoffederal,stateandlocalpoliciesdesignedtodissuadeyoungadultsfromusingtobacco,suchasincreasingtobaccotaxesandexpandingantismokingordinancestoincludee-cigarettesandothernewproducts.22.Whenaskedwhatmakesyouhappy,youwouldprobablyhavenoproblemprovidingmewithafewanswers—anewcar,lessbodyfat,ahigher-payingjob,andsoon.Theyusuallyhaveasimilartheme;i.e.,ourhappinessdependsonexternalcircumstances.

Youmaybesurprisedtolearnthatmaterialisticthingsrarelydeterminelong-termhappiness.Thatwhichyouhavealwaysassumedwouldmakeyourlifemuchmorejoyfulmaynotactuallyimprovelong-termhappiness.Happinessisdeterminedbyinnatefactorsandperceptions,aswellasexperiences.

Humansaresocialanimals;weneedtosocialize.Thebiggestpredictorofhappinessistheextentofoursocialrelationships.Aprimaryreasonwhyourbrainshaveevolvedinthemannertheyhaveisthatwecanbesocial.

Itisnotrealistic,norisitdesirabletobehappyallthetime.Whatisimportantislearningtoappropriatelyregulatethosepotentiallydamagingthoughts.23.Thesupermarketisdesignedtolurecustomersintospendingasmuchtimeaspossiblewithinitsdoors.Thereasonforthisissimple:Thelongeryoustayinthestore,themorestuffyou'llsee,andthemorestuffyousee,themoreyou'llbuy.Andsupermarketscontainalotofstuff.Theaveragesupermarket,accordingtotheFoodMarketingInstitute,carriessome44,000differentitems,andmanycarrytensofthousandsmore.Thesheervolumeofavailablechoiceisenoughtosendshoppersintoastateofinformationoverload.Accordingtobrain-scanexperiments,thedemandsofsomuchdecision-makingquicklybecometoomuchforus.Afterabout40minutesofshopping,mostpeoplestopstrugglingtoberationallyselective,andinsteadbeginshoppingemotionally—whichisthepointatwhichweaccumulatethe50percentofstuffinourcartthatweneverintendedbuying.24.Salesofchildren'sliteraturehaverisenbydoubledigitsinmostofthepasttenyears,muchfasterthanthegrowthofbooksalesoverall.Thenumberofchildren'stitleshasmorethantripledsince2005.Thispartlyreflectsagrowingdemandforproductsaimedatindulgedonly-children.Acost-consciousreluctancetohavemoreoffspring,whichwasreinforcedbythecountry'srecentlyrelaxedone-childpolicy,helpedfuelthatdemand.Thericherparentsare,themoretheysplashoutonchildren'sbooks.

Booksellersseeahugemoneymakingopportunity.Mostpublishersofliteratureforadultsnowofferchildren'stitlestoo.Aroundhalfofthe100best-sellingbookslastyearwereforyoungsters—ahighersharethaninBritainorAmerica.Thereisagrowingvarietyofgenres.Picturebooksforunder-fiveshavebeentakingoff;fictionforolderteenagersisthriving.25.Directions:

Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyourwriting,youshould

1)interpretthechart,and

2)giveyourcomments.

Youshouldwriteatleast150words.

WriteyouressayontheANSWERSHEET.

26.Foroveracentury,psychologistshavestudiedintelligencebyaskingpeoplequestions.Theirexamshaveevolvedintobatteriesoftests,eachprobingadifferentmentalability,suchasverbalreasoningormemorization.

Inasignificantadvanceinthestudyofmentalability,ateamofEuropeanandAmericanscientistsannouncedMondaythatithadidentified52geneslinkedtointelligenceinnearly80,000people.Thesegenesdonotdetermineintelligence,however.Theircombinedinfluenceisminuscule,theresearcherssaid,suggestingthatthousandsmorearelikelytobeinvolvedandstillawaitdiscovery.Justasimportant,intelligenceisprofoundlyshapedbytheenvironment.Still,thefindingscouldmakeitpossibletobeginnewexperimentsintothebiologicalbasisofreasoningandproblem-solving,expertssaid.Theycouldevenhelpresearchersdeterminewhichinterventionswouldbemosteffectiveforchildrenstrugglingtolearn."Thisrepresentsanenormoussuccess,"saidPaigeHarden,apsychologistattheUniversityofTexas,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.27.Thinkaboutdrivingaroutethat'sveryfamiliar.Itcouldbeyourcommutetowork,atripintotownorthewayhome.Whicheveritis,youknoweverytwistandturnlikethebackofyourhand.Onthesesortsoftripsit'seasytoloseconcentrationonthedrivingandpaylittleattentiontothepassingscenery.Theconsequenceisthatyouperceivethatthetriphastakenlesstimethanitactuallyhas.

Thisisthewell-travelledroadeffect.Peopletendtounderestimatethetimeittakestotravelafamiliarroute.

Theeffectiscausedbythewayweallocateourattention.Whenwetraveldownawell-knownroute,becausewedon'thavetoconcentratemuch,timeseemstoflowmorequickly.Andafterward,whenwecometothinkbackonit,wecan'trememberthejourneywellbecausewedidn'tpaymuchattentiontoit.Soweassumeitwasshorter.28.Likeexaminations,theannualrankingofschoolisanecessaryevil.Itisaboontoschoolswhichdowellandabanetothosewhichfailtomeasureup.Rankingisgoodinthatitwillleadtocompetitionwhichwillraisetheoverallteachingstandardsofschools.However,competitioncanbebothvirtuousandviciousanditisquiteimpossibletojustretaintheformerandsaynotothelatter.

Thenegativeeffectsoftheinevitableviciouscompetitionmaybealotmoredamagingthanwethink.Foraschooltoprovethatithasmadeprogressandemergewinnerintheyearlybattle,theprincipal,teachersandpupilswillallhavetofocustheirtimeandenergyonachievingexcellentacademicresults.

Itisunfortunatethattoalargeextent,academicscoreshavebecometheprimaryconcerninthelearningprocess.29.Directions:Supposeyouwonatranslationcontestandyourfriend,Jack,wroteane-mailtocongratulateyouandaskforadviceontranslation.Writehimareplyto

1)thankhim,and

2)giveyouradvice.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.30.EconomicsisanimportantcomponentofthecoreMBAcurriculumbecauseeconomicprinciplesarebehindalmostallmanagerialactivities.Economistsatbusinessschoolsresearchandteachabouthowmarketswork;howscarceresourcesgetproduced,consumedandallocated;andhowvariousparticipantsintheeconomymakeoptimaldecisions.

Theseissueswillberelevanttomanagersinvirtuallyallaspectsoftheirworkfortherestoftheircareers.Thisistruebothatthebroadestlevels—suchasstrategicmanagement,finance,organizationaldesign,humanresources,andmanagingglobalorganizations—andalsowhentheydrilldownintomorespecificareas,suchasoptimizingprices,settingemployeecompensation,andanalyzinghowmodernmanagerialpracticesaffectafirm'sperformance.

Onerapidlygrowingareaofeconomicsthathasreceivedalotofattentionfrombusiness-schooleconomistsismarketdesign.Traditionally,economistsstudiedthepropertiesofexistingmarketinstitutions.Morerecently,however,theyhavetakenanactiverole,andhaveappliedeconomicanalysistodesignnewmarketsortoimproveexistingones.31.AIsystemsmusthetrainedhowbesttointeractwithhumans.Whileorganizationsacrosssectorsarenowintheearlystagesoffillingtrainerroles,leadingtechcompaniesandresearchgroupsalreadyhavematuretrainingstaffsandexpertise.ConsiderMicrosoft'sAIassistant.Thebotrequiredextensivetrainingtodevelopjusttherightpersonality:confident,caring,andhelpfulbutnotbossy.Instillingthosequalitiestookcountlesshoursofattentionbyateamthatincludedapoet,anovelist,andaplay-wright.Similarly,humantrainerswereneededtodevelopthepersonalitiesofApple'sSiriandAmazon'sAlexatoensurethattheyaccuratelyreflectedtheircompanies'brands.Siri,forexample,hasjustatouchofsassiness,asconsumersmightexpectfromApple.32.Supposeyouaregoingtostudyabroadbuthesitatingaboutthemajor.WriteyourforeignfriendBobinAmericaanemailto

1)tellhimaboutyourintentiontostudyabroad,and

2)askforadviceaboutthechoiceofmajor.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

Donotuseyourownname.Use"LiMing"instead.

Donotwriteyouraddress.33.Directions:

Youarewritingamaster'sthesisandneedsomereferencematerials.WritealettertoProfessorRichardandaskforhishelp,forheisthedistinguishedauthorityandhaspublishedquiteafewimportantbooksrelatedtoyourthesis.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.

Donotuseyourownnameattheendofthenotice.Use"LiMing"instead.

Donotwriteyouraddress.

PartB34.Ms.Mayer'smoveisnotjustabadideainitselfbutalsoanaivenotion.Flexibleemployershelpwomenrunfamiliesandjobssimultaneously.Strictworkingrulesmakecombiningthetwoimpossibleorunpleasant.Tobefair,assomebodywhotooktwoweeksofftohaveababy,Ms.Mayerishardlyaskingotherstodowhatshewouldnot;butthenshehaseasedthepainofseparationfromherchildbyinstallinganurserynexttoheroffice.Yahoo'slessprivilegedwomenmayplaceittoafriendlierorganization.

Butthisisnotjustaboutwomen.Awell-managedcompany'sworkerswanttobeproductive,andmanagerstrustthemtodecidehowandwheretheywillperformbest.Ifthat'snothappening,thebossneedstofindoutwhy.YoucanconfineaYahootohisdesk,butyoucan'tmakehimfeelthebusyatmosphere.35.Directions:

SupposeyonhaveanappointmentwithDoctorAikenforfixingyourchippedtooth,butyouhavetocancelitbecauseyouareaskedtotakeameetingatthattime.Writeane-mailtoDoctorAikento

1)apologizeandexplainthesituation,and

2)suggestafuturemeeting.

YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANWSERSHEET.

Donotsignyouownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.36.ItiseasytounderestimateEnglishwriterJamesHerriot.Hehadsuchapleasant,readablestylethatonemightthinkthatanyonecouldimitateit.HowmanytimeshaveIheardpeoplesay,"Icouldwriteabook.Ijusthaven'tthetime,"Easilysaid.Notsoeasilydone.JamesHerriot,contrarytopopularopinion,didnotfinditeasyinhisearlydaysof,asheputit,"havingagoatthewritinggame".Whileheobviouslyhadanabundanceofnaturaltalent,thefinal,polishedworkthathegavetotheworldwastheresultofyearsofpractising,re-writingandreading.Likethemajorityofauthors,hehadtosuffermanydisappointmentsandrejectionsalongtheway,butthesemadehimallthemoredeterminedtosucceed.Everythingheachievedinlifewasearnedthehardwayandhissuccessintheliteraryfieldwasnoexception.37.Directions:

TwomonthsagoyougotajobasaneditorforthemagazineDesigns&Fashions.Butnowyoufindthattheworkisnotwhatyouexpected.Youdecidetoquit.Writealettertoyourboss,Mr.Wang,tellinghimyourdecision,statingyourreason(s),andmakinganapology.

Writeyourletterwithabout100words.WriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter;use"LiMing"instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.38.ANewZealandfirmthatletitsemployeesworkfourdaysaweekwhilebeingpaidforfivesaystheexperimentwassosuccessfulthatithopedtomakethechangepermanent.

JarrodHaar,ahumanresourcesprofessor,said"Supervisorssaidstaffweremorecreative,theirattendancewasbetter,theywereontime,andtheydidn'tleaveearlyortakelongbreaks.Theiractualjobperformancedidn'tchangewhendoingitoverfourdaysinsteadoffive."Inthiscase,workerssaidthechangemotivatedthemtofindwaysofincreasingtheirefficiencywhileintheoffice.Meetingswerereducedfromtwohoursto30minutes,andemployeescreatedsignalsfortheircolleaguesthattheyneededtimetoworkwithoutdistraction.Notingthatthecompanyhadseenlowerelectricitybillswith20percentlessstaffintheofficeeachday,Mr.Barnessaidthechangeinworkhourscouldhavewiderimplicationsifmorecompaniesadoptedsuchastrategy.39.Ms.Mayer'smoveisnotjustabadideainitselfbutalsoanaivenotion.Flexibleemployershelpwomenrunfamiliesandjobssimultaneously.Strictworkingrulesmakecombiningthetwoimpossibleorunpleasant.Tobefair,assomebodywhotooktwoweeksofftohaveababy,Ms.Mayerishardlyaskingotherstodowhatshewouldnot;butthenshehaseasedthepainofseparationfromherchildbyinstallinganurserynexttoheroffice.Yahoo'slessprivilegedwomenmayplaceittoafriendlierorganization.

Butthisisnotjustaboutwomen.Awell-managedcompany'sworkerswanttobeproductive,andmanagerstrustthemtodecidehowandwheretheywillperformbest.Ifthat'snothappening,thebossneedstofindoutwhy.YoucanconfineaYahootohisdesk,butyoucan'tmakehimfeelthebusyatmosphere.40.Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthechartbelow.Inyourwriting,youshould

1)interpretthechart,and

2)giveyourcomments.