说专业-应用化工技术煤制油气专业课件

Lesson7.1CleanCoalTechnologiesLesson7.11contentwords1ExpressionsandTechnicalTerms2Text3contentwords1ExpressionsandT2Words煤化工minimus[`miniməs]adj.最年轻的,微小的particulate[pə`tikjulit]n.微粒，粉尘；adj.微粒的pulverize[`pʌlvəraiz]v.研磨成粉gasifier[`gæsifaiə(r)]气化器，气体发生器supercritical[͵sju:pə`kritikəl]adj.超临界的synfuel[`sinfjuəl]n.合成燃料sorbent[`s͵gæbənt]n.[化]吸附剂其他fluidize[flu:idaiz]v.使液化,流(态)化gasification[͵gæsifi`keiʃən]n.气化liberalize[`libərəlaiz]v.自由化saleable[`seiləbl]adj.适于销售的synfuel[`sinfjuəl]n.合成燃料liberalize[`libərəlaiz]v.自由化collaboration[kə͵læbə`reiʃən]n.协作Words煤化工minimus[`miniməs]adj3ExpressionsandTechnicalTerms规格对应职业岗位steamturbinen.蒸汽轮机capitalcost资本成本,资本费用commercialplant商业设备over-fireair二次空气[风]resultfromv.由...产生combustionchamber燃烧室turbinegeneratorn.涡轮发电机exhaustgas废气ExpressionsandTechnicalTerm4textCleancoaltechnologieshaveanimportantroletoplayoverthecomingdecadestominimisetheenvironmentalimpactofthesubstantialcoalusethatisforecast.Thisbriefingpaperfocusesprimarilyonthetechnologiestoreducesulphurdioxide(SO2),

oxidesofnitrogen(NOx)andcarbondioxide(CO2).

煤炭洁净技术在未来十年中将扮演一个重要的角色。大量煤的使用对环境的影响将是一个预测。这个详细介绍的课题的最初焦点是为了减小氧化硫，氮氧化物和二氧化碳的排放。textCleancoaltechnologiesha5textCleancoaltechnologiesprojectshavedemonstratedtechnologiesinfourkeyareas:environmentalcontroltechnologiesapplicabletoconventionalplants,advancedpowergeneration,coalprocessingandindustrialapplications.

清节煤技术方案已经在关键的四个方面得到了论证，应用于传统产业的环境控制技术，先进的发展技术，煤处理和工业应用。

textCleancoaltechnologiespr6ThesetechnologiesweredevelopedtoremoveorpreventtheformationofSO2,NOxandparticulateswhencoalisburnedtogenerateelectricityatconventional,coal-firedpowerstationswherethecoalispulverizedtoafinepowderbeforebeingburnedinaboilertoraisesteamforasteamturbine.这些技术被开发是为了去除或阻止二氧化硫氮氧化物和粉尘。传统的煤碳被燃烧去产生电流，煤炭发电。煤炭在锅炉中燃炉之前被研磨成细微的颗料为了增加蒸汽机的蒸气。textThesetechnologiesweredevelo7textFluegasdesulphurisationtoremove>90%oftheSO2,typicallyusingawetlimestoneslurry,iswidelyadoptedandcapitalcostshavehalvedoverthelastdecade.烟道气中的二氧化硫大于90%的被除去。一般使用一个潮湿的碳岩泥浆，这种方法被广泛的采用和资金投入在最近几十年中已经减半。

textFluegasdesulphurisation8Theefficiencyofconventionalcoal-firedpowerstationdesignscontinuestoimprovewitheachnewproject,suchthatCO2emissionsfromnewplantsare15-25%lessthanmanyolderplants.传统的煤燃烧发电的效率很低，一些国家为了改进这项新工程，比如像二氧化碳的排放量在新工厂中的到旧工厂中至少量低15%——25%texttext9textDevelopmentprogrammesforultra-supercriticaltechnologyaimtoimprovecoal-firedgenerationefficiencytoabove50%(i.e.comparabletogas-firedgeneration).Thescaleoftheseprogrammesmeansthattheyareveryunlikelytoproceedwithoutgovernmentencouragementandsupport.

Thiswouldbejustifiedbythepotentialcarbonsavingsthatwouldresultfromworld-wideapplication.开发这项超临界蒸汽技术是为了改进煤炭发电技术的效率达到50%以上，这么大规模的项目意味着不可能轻易完成的，如果没有政府的支持和鼓励，这将被潜在的碳的节约证明是正确的，并将在全世界应用。textDevelopmentprogrammesfor10FBCreducesemissionsofSO2andNOxbythecontrolledcombustionofcrushedcoalinabedfluidizedwithjetsofair.SulphurreleasedfromthecoalasSO2iscapturedbyasorbent(e.g.limestone)injectedintothecombustionchamberalongwiththecoal.流化床燃烧技术通过空气喷嘴将煤喷进燃烧室，来控制二氧化硫和二氧化氮的排放。从煤中释放的硫和煤一块添加进燃烧室中的吸附剂吸收。

textFBCreducesemissionsofSO2a11textIGCCsystemsinvolvegasificationofcoal,cleaningthegasproduced,andcombustingitinagasturbinegeneratortoproduceelectricity.Residualheatintheexhaustgasfromthegasturbineisrecoveredinaheatrecoveryboilerassteam,whichcanbeusedtoproduceadditionalelectricityinasteamturbinegenerator.循环联合发电技术涉及到煤炭的汽化，煤的净化并且燃烧它在涡轮发电机中去产生电流。从燃气涡轮中排放的废气中的余热用来发热锅炉产生蒸汽。产生的蒸汽可以推动蒸汽涡轮发电机产生额外的电能。textIGCCsystemsinvolvegasif12Avarietyoftechnologiesareavailabletoproducecleanliquidfuelshavinghighenergydensityandlowsulphur.ThelargestexampleisinSouthAfricawherealmost40milliontonnesoflow-gradecoalisgasifiedandprocessedintohighqualitysynfuels,includingtransportfuels,usingtheFischer-Tropschprocess.很多种技术都能够将煤炭转变为洁净燃料，并使它们含有较高的能量密度和低硫粉，最大的例子在南非，每年大约有4亿吨低价煤被汽化，转化为高质量的合成燃料，包括输送燃料。texttext13Thiscategoryincludesiron-making,withcoalreplacingaproportionofthemoreexpensivecoketraditionallyusedinblastfurnaces.ItalsoincludesprocessestoremoveSO2andotherpollutantsfromthefluegasesproducedduringcementmanufacture.这些包括铁制品，用煤代替一定比率的更昂贵的焦碳传统的使用在鼓风炉中，它也包括除去二氧化硫和其他有害物质从烟道气中，在生产水泥产品的过程中。texttext14ToproperlyaddresstheclimatechangeissuewillrequirethecaptureandstorageofCO2emissionsfromallfossilfueluse.ThereismuchresearchworkinprogresstoexamineandfurtherdevelopthemanytechnologiesthatarealreadyavailabletocaptureCO2fromcoaluse.一个正确的看法是随着气候的变化，将要汞夺取并且存储二氧化碳的排放从所在研究过程中有许多技术要去测试和更远的发展。从煤碳中夺取二氧化碳，燃料气中的胺从传统的煤烧过程中产生的。textToproperlyaddresstheclimat15textCaptureofCO2fromIGCCplanthasparticularattractions,notleastbecauseitisalreadydemonstratedatan