直接引语和间接引语的转换

直接引语和间接引语直接引语：直接引述别人的话。直接引语一般前后要加引号。间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。Eg:Mr.Blacksaid,“i'mbusy”. （直接引语）Eg:Mr.Blacksaidthathewasbusy.（间接引语）1、陈述句：直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连接词“that”引导（that在口语当中常省略）,引述动词通常是say,tell等。主句中如果有saytosb.,通常变为tellsb.。从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语要作相应的变化。Hesaidtome,“I'veleftmybookinyourroom.”—Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinmyroom.Theforeignersaidtome,“IlikeBeijingverymuch”.—Theforeignertoldmethathe（she）likedBeijingverymuch.Shesaid,“Weareveryfondofsports”.—Shesaidthattheywereveryfondofsports.（1）人称代词的变化当主句的主语是第一人称时，引语中的人称代词不变。Isaid,“Youdidquitewellintheexamyesterday”.fIsaidthatyouhaddonequitewellintheexamthedaybefore.我说你那天考得不错。直接引语中主语是第一人称时，在改为间接引语时，其人称与主句中的主语的人称一致。HesaidtoTom,“I'lldomybesttocatchupwithothers”.fHetoldTomthathewoulddohisbesttocatchupwithothers.他告诉汤姆他将尽他所能赶上其他人。直接引语中主语是第二人称时，在改为间接引语时，其人称和主句的宾语相一致。Hesaidtoher,“Wheredidyouputtheglasses”fHeaskedherwhereshehadputtheglasses.他问她，她把杯子放哪儿了。提示：如果主句中无宾语，应根据语境或想象，自添适当的宾语；如果直接引语中有呼语，则将其改为间接引语的宾语。Motherasked,“Wherehaveyoubeen?”.fMotheraskedmewhereIhadbeen.母亲问我去哪儿了。“Whyareyoulateagain?”,John'steacherasked.fTheteacheraskedJohnwhyhewaslateagain.老师问约翰为什么他又迟到。直接引语中主语是第三人称时，在改为间接引语时不发生变化。HesaidtoTom,“Shecanhelpthem”.fHetoldTomthatshecouldhelpthem.他告诉汤姆她能够帮助他们。（2）物主代词的变化（形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词）

“Youshouldnotoverlookyourfault”,Mumsaidtome.fMumtoldmethatIshouldnotoverlookmyfault.妈妈对我说我不应该忽略我的缺点。Thetwoboyssaid,“Wehavelostourdog.“fThetwoboyssaidtheyhadlosttheirdog.这两个男孩说他们的狗丢了。“It'smine”,hesaid.fHesaidit'shis.3）指示代词的变化直接引语中的指示代词间接引语中的指示代词直接引语中的指示代词间接引语中的指示代词thisthesethatthosethistheseShesaid,“ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunoncelived”.ShesaidthatwasthehouseinwhichLuXunhadoncelived.她说那是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。Iboughttheseflowersforyou”,Janesaid.Janesaidthatshehadboughtthoseflowersforme.简说那些花是她为我买的。Igrowthesetomatoesmyself”,hesaid.Hesaidthathegrewthosetomatoeshimself.他说那些胡萝卜是他自己种的。4）时态的变化

A.主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化。直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时Eg:“1don'twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary.”saidAnne.Eg:Annesaidthatshedidn'twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary.Eg:Hesaid,”llikeitverymuch.”Eg:Hesaidthathelikeditverymuch.现在完成时过去完成时Eg:Celllasaid,”1havenotheardfromJordansinceMay.”Eg:CellasaidthatshehadnotheardformJordansinceMay.Eg:Hesaid,“1haven'twrittenhomesincelastyear.”Eg:Hesaidthathehadn'twrittenhomesincelastyear.现在进行时过去进行时Eg:Theboysaid,“I'musingaknife.”Eg:Theboysaidthathewasusingaknife.现在完成进行时过去完成进仃时直接引语间接引语一般过去时过去完成时Eg:Theysaid,“Wesawherinthestreet.”Eg:Theysaidtheyhadseenherinthestreet.Eg:Hesaid,“Mymotherworkedhere”Eg:Hesaidhismotherhadworkedhere.过去完成时过去完成时（不变）

Eg:Johnsaidtohisparents,“Ihadlearned500Chinesewordsbytheendoflastterm."Eg:Johnsaidtohisparentsthathehadlearned500Chinesewordsbytheendoflastterm.Eg:Hesaid,”ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforesupper.”Eg:Hesaidthatihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforesupper.过去进行时过去完成进仃时（或不变）直接引语间接引语一般将来时过去将来时Eg:ZhouLansaid,“I'lldoitafterclass.”Eg:ZhouLansaidthatshewoulddoitafterclass.Eg:Thelittleboysaid,“1willgoonatripwithmyparents.”Eg:Thelittleboysaidthathewouldgoonatripwithhisparents.主句为现在时或将来时，间接引语的时态保持不变。Hethinks,“Shewillbebackinamonth”.fHethinksshewillbebackinamonth.他想她将在一个月后回来。Hesays,“Ihaveacceptedherinvitation.“Hesayshehasacceptedherinvitation.他说他已接受了她的邀请。间接引语表示的是现在的习惯动作、科学真理、客观事实、格言等。Thegeographyteachersaidtothestudents,“Theearthmovesroundthesun”.fThegeographyteachertoldthestudentsthattheearthmovesroundthesun.Hesaid,“Everydoghashisday”.fHesaidthateverydoghashisday.他说是人皆有出头日。间接引语中动词表示的动作说话时仍在进行或状态仍然存在，时态可保持不变。Hesaid,“Thewindowisbroken”.fHesaidthatthewindowisbroken.他说玻璃窗碎了。JustnowBrownsaid,“Mysonisilltoday”.fBrowntoldmejustnowthathissonisilltoday.布朗刚才告诉我说，他儿子今天病了。F.间接引语中有明确的过去时间状语，仍可用一般过去时，不必改为过去完成时。Thegirlsaid,“Iwasbornin1994”.fThegirlsaidthatshewasbornin1978.那女孩说她生于1994年。Shesaid,“Myteacherwasbusyyesterday”.fShesaidthatherteacherwasbusyyesterday.她说她老师昨天很忙。（5）情态动词的变化情态动词在间接引语中都可以改为过去式，must表示必、推测、禁止等意思时，可不变；表示必须时可不变，也可用hadto或wouldhaveto。Theseniorsaid,“Allmenmustdie”.fTheseniorsaidthatallmenmustdie.那老者说人总是要死的。Shesaid,“Imustgotoseethedoctortomorrowafternoon".fShesaidshemustwouldhavetogotoseethedoctorthenextafternoon.她说第二天下午她一定得去看医生。Hesaidtome,“Weusedtogothereeveryyear".fHetoldmethattheyusedtocomehereeveryyear.他对我说他们过去每年都来这里。（usedto在间接引语中不变）（6）时间状语的变化

直接引语间接引语nowthentodaythatdayagobefore/earlieryesterdaythedaybeforetomorrowthenextday thefollowingdaythedayaftertomorrowintwodays'廿口。thedaybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbefore/twodaysearlierthreedaysagothreedaysbeforenext廿methenext廿me7）地点状语的变化直接引语间接引语herethere8）动词的变化直接引语间接引语comegobringtake2、祈使句转述祈使句时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，不定式前面的动词可根据口气选用tell,ask,order,command,request等词，句中please去掉。如果祈使句为否定式，在不定式前加not.Shesaidtome,“Pleasehavearest”.她对我说：请休息一下。fSheaskedmetohavearest.她告诉我休息一下。Hisfathersaidtohim.”Goaway!”fHisfatherorderedhimtogoaway.Mothersaidtome,“Comebackbefore10:00.”fMothertoldmetogobackbefore10:00.Hesaid,“Don'tmakesomuchnoise,boys.”fHetoldtheboysnottomakesomuchnoise.②带有let的祈使句（表示请求，建议或命令），可用suggest+-ing形式或suggest+that从句来表示其相应的意思。“Let'sgoforawalk”,saidthegirl.那姑娘说，让我们去散散步吧。fThegirlsuggestedgoingforawalk.这女孩建议去散散步。Theteachersaid,“LetLilytidytheclassroom”.老师说：让莉莉整理教室。fTheteachersuggestedthatLilyshouldtidytheclassroom.老师建议让莉莉整理教室。3、疑问句直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序，句末用句号，主语的人称、时态和状语也要作相应的变化。⑴一般疑问句和反意疑问句：直接引语如果是一般疑问句或反意疑问句，变为间接引语时，谓语动词是say或said时，要改为“ask"或“asked"，主句动词常用ask,wonder,wanttoknow,didn'tknow等，原问句变成由连词if(或whether)引导的宾语从句。没有间接宾语的，可以根据情况加上。Myteacheraskedme,“DoyoulikeAmericancountrymusic?"我老师问我：你喜欢美国乡村音乐吗？fMyteacheraskedmeif/whetherIlikedAmericancountrymusic. 我老师问我是否喜欢美国乡村音乐。Hesaid,“AreyouinterestedinEnglish?”fHeasked(me)ifiwasinterestedinEnglish.“Youhaven'tbeentoBeijing,haveyou?"askedhe.他问：你没去过北京，是吗？fHeaskedmeif/whetherIhadbeentoBeijing.他问我是否去过北京。⑵一般疑问句的否定形式和选择疑问句：如果直接引语为否定的一般问句或选择疑问句时，用whetheror连接。Shesaid,“Don'tyouknowmytelephonenumber?”她说：你难道不知道我的电话号码吗？fSheaskedmewhetherIknewhertelephonenumberornot.她问我是知道她的电话号码。“Doyoulikethisoneorthatone?”,Tomasked.汤姆问：你是喜欢这个还是那个？fTomaskedmewhetherIlikedthisoneorthatone.汤姆问我是喜欢这个还是那个。⑶特殊疑问句：直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用原来的特殊疑问词作为连词引导宾语从句。注意从句必须用陈述句语序。主句谓语动词常用ask.Heasked,“Howdoyoulikeit?”.他问：你觉得怎样？fHeaskedmehowIlikedit.他问我觉得它怎样。Sheaskedme,“What'sthematterwithyou?”她问我：你怎么啦？fSheaskedmewhatwasthematterwithme.她问我我怎么啦。“Whendidyougot