Unit+5+Developing+ideas+Reading外研版高中英语选择性必修第一册

新外研社高中英语选择性必修一Unit5RevealingNature

DevelopingIdeasReadingattackbreatheeatsleepmovespeakstealthink√√√√√Whatdoyouthinkplantscando?Ticktheboxes.Howmuchisitrealisticthattreescancommunicatewithpeople?Canplantsliketreesevenbehaveinmanyotherwayslikehumansdo?Let’sfindoutwhetherplantscommunicatewitheachother.Iftheydo,how?Readthepassage(P56-57)toexplore!Readthepassagetosortoutthetypeofwriting.Anexpositoryessay(说明文)Readthepassageandfindoutthewaysinwhichplantscommunicate.Theycancommunicatewitheachotherin

three

ways：byusingchemicalssoundand“woodwideweb”Introductionwithatopictocatchreaders’attention,andathesisstatementtopresentthemainconceptofyouressay.Body:thefirst,second,third…point/argumentwithsupportingevidenceConclusionwithaconcisesummary

ofyourkeypoints/athesisstatement.ExpositoryessaystructurePart1IntroductionandthesisstatementPart2

BodyPart3ConclusionManycultureshavestoriesoftalkingtrees.Newresearchhasrevealedsomethingamazing:itappearsthatplantscancommunicate.Plantsusechemicalstocommunicatewitheachother.Plantsalsousesoundtocommunicate.Para.1Para.2Para.3Para.4Plantshaveanamazingsystemofcommunicationcalled“woodwideweb”.Scientistsarelearningmoreaboutthesecretwaysinwhichplantstalktoeachother.Para.5Para.6ReadforthemainideaofeachparagraphandthepassagestructurePlantscancommunicatePlantshavevariouswaystocommunicateScientistsarelearningmoreaboutplants’languagePart1IntroductionandthesisstatementPart2BodyPart3ConclusionPara.1Talkingplantshavelongbeenathingofmythsandlegends.Manycultureshavestoriesoftalkingtreesthatgiveadviceaswellaswarningstopeople.AlexandertheGreatandMarcoPoloweresaidtohavevisitedsuchatreeinIndia.Andinsomemodernstories,suchasthefilm

Avatar,treescancommunicatewithanimalsandpeople.—athingofmythsandlegendsTalkingtreesgive_____________________topeople,eg.,AlexandertheGreatandMarcoPoloweresaidtohavevisitedsuchatreeinIndia.Talkingplants——————EvidencefromstoriesofmanyculturesEvidencefrom_________________somemodernstoriesTreesinthefilmAvatarcancommunicatewith___________________.animalsandpeopleadviceandwarningsReadforparagraphorganisation:Para.2Withuslongbelievingthattalkingplantsarefantasy,newresearchhasrevealedsomethingamazing:itappearsthatplantscancommunicateafterall.Readtoanswerthequestions:1.Whatrelationisimplied(暗含)betweenthispartandtherestofPara.2?2.What’stheroleofPara.2indevelopingthewholepassage?Para2isusedtoclearlyillustratethethesisstatement.It’salsoatransitionalparagraph.Anadversativerelation(转折关系).(Forlongwehavebelievedthattalkingplantsarejustfantasy,however,plantsdocommunicateasrevealedbyresearch,whichisamazing.)Para.3beanplantA________

releases______________________asawarningorcallforhelp:“I’mbeingattacked!”tinyamountsofchemicalsbeanplantBdetectsthechemicals

releasesitsown,______________differentchemicalssomeofthesechemicals__________________driveinsectsawayothersattract__________thewaspsReadtoworkoutthegraph:PlantsusechemicalstocommunicatewitheachotherattackkillInspirationforscientificresearchScientistshopetolearnmoreaboutthis___________________,sothatwecanuseittogrowcropswithout_________.plantwarningsystempesticidesPara.4Moresurprisingly,plantsalsousesoundtocommunicate.Peoplecan’thearthesesounds,butplantsaremakingthem.Someplantsmakenoiseswiththeirroots.Cornandchilliplantsdothis.Theyalso“listen”tothenoisesfromotherplants.Achilliplantcantellifaneighbouringplantishelpful,orunfriendly.Sometreesmakeclickingnoiseswhenthereisnotenoughwater,indicatingdroughtisarriving.Readtoworkoutthetable:PlantsHowtheycommunicateusingsoundExamplecornandchilliplants

____________withtheirrootslistentothenoisesfrom___________sometreesmakenoisesotherplantsmakeclickingnoiseswhenthereisnot___________,indicatingdroughtisarriving.enoughwaterAchilliplantcantellifa_____________________ishelpful,orunfriendly.neighbouringplantMostsurprisinglyofall,plantshaveanamazingsystemofcommunicationthatcanlinknearlyeveryplantinaforest.Scientistscallthissystemthe“woodwideweb”.ItisinsomewayssimilartotheInternetweuse.WhiletheInternetisaworldwidenetworkofcomputerslinkedbycablesandsatellites,thewoodwidewebislinkedundergroundbyfungi.Thisfungalnetworklinkstherootsofdifferentplantstoeachother.Usingthewoodwideweb,plantscanshareinformationandevenfoodwitheachother.Forexample,somepinetreescansendfoodtosmallerpinetreestohelpthemgrow.ButjustlikeourownInternet,thewoodwidewebhasitsownversionof“cybercrime”.Plantscanstealfoodfromeachother,orspreadpoisonstoattackotherplants.Perhapsonedayscientistswilllearnhowtocreatea“firewall”tohelppreventtheseattackswithinthewoodwideweb.rootsofdifferentplantsarelinkedtoeachotherundergroundby_____

enablesplantstoperhapsonedayitwillbecreatedtohelppreventattackswithinwoodwidewebshareinformationandevenfoodwitheachotherPara.5Readtofilloutthetableabout:plantsstealfoodfromeachotherplantsspreadpoisonstoattackotherplantsfungifirewallwoodwidewebcybercrimehowitislinked______Mostsurprisinglyofall,plantshaveanamazingsystemofcommunicationthatcanlinknearlyeveryplantinaforest.Scientistscallthissystemthe“woodwideweb”.ItisinsomewayssimilartotheInternetweuse.WhiletheInternetisaworldwidenetworkofcomputerslinkedbycablesandsatellites,thewoodwidewebislinkedundergroundbyfungi.Thisfungalnetworklinkstherootsofdifferentplantstoeachother.Usingthewoodwideweb,plantscanshareinformationandevenfoodwitheachother.Forexample,somepinetreescansendfoodtosmallerpinetreestohelpthemgrow.ButjustlikeourownInternet,thewoodwidewebhasitsownversionof“cybercrime”.Plantscanstealfoodfromeachother,orspreadpoisonstoattackotherplants.Perhapsonedayscientistswilllearnhowtocreatea“firewall”tohelppreventtheseattackswithinthewoodwideweb.Para.5Readtoanswerthequestions:1.Whatisthefunctionof“Mostsurprisinglyofall”?It’samark:thefollowingsentencewillexplorethesametopicaswhathasbeenmentioned,yetdevelopingthetopictoadeeper,furtherdegreethanallthathasbeenwrittenbefore.2.How’swoodwidewebsimilartoInternet?Theyarebothsystemsofcommunicationinessence(本质上),linkedbyfungiandcablesandsatellitesrespectively(分别地).Para.6Scientistsarelearningmoreeverydayaboutthesecretwaysinwhichplantstalktoeachother.Whoknows?Maybeonedaywewillknowenoughaboutplantcommunicationtobeableto“talk”withthemourselves.WhatisthefunctionofPara.6?Para6isaconclusionandarestatement(重述)ofthepassagetopic.Italsoraisesanexpectationaboutfutureresearchofplantcommunication.Readtoanswerthequestion:Modernresearchisshowingthatplantscan1_________________________.UsingchemicalsTheplantreleaseschemicals2_____________thatarebeingeaten.Whenanotherplantdetectsthechemicals,itstartsto3______________________________.

communicatewitheachotherfromtheleavesreleaseitsown,

different

chemicalsChecktheanswersOrganiseinformationfromthepassageandcompletethediagram.UsingsoundSomeplantsmakenoises4______________.Achilliplantcan5____________________________________________.Sometreesmake6_________________________________________________________________.

withtheirroots

tellifaneighbouring

plantis

helpful,or

unfriendly

clickingnoiseswhenthereisnot

enoughwater,

indicatingdroughtisarrivingChecktheanswersUsingthe“woodwideweb”Thisfungalnetworklinks7____________________________________.Plantscan8_____________________________witheachother.Plantscan9________________________________________toattackotherplants.

therootsofdifferentplantstoeachother

shareinformationandevenfood

stealfoodfromeachother,orspreadpoisonsMaybeonedaywewillbeableto“talk”withplants.Checktheanswers

1.

Whatfigureofspeechisbeingusedwhentheplantsaredescribedas

callingforhelp?Whatisitsfunction?2.Whatdoes“woodwideweb”mean?Shareyourthinking

onthefollowingquestionsPersonification.

Itcanmakedescriptionsmorevivid.“Woodwideweb”meansanamazingsystemof

communicationthatcanlinknearlyeveryplant

inaforest.Itislinkedundergroundbyfungiand

thisfungalnetworklinkstherootsofdifferent

plantstoeachother.Usingthewoodwideweb,

plantscanshareinformationandevenfoodwith

eachother.

Learning

to

learnPersonificationmeansgivinghumancharacteristicstosomethingthatisnothuman.Byusinghumancharacteristicstodescribeanobject,animalorevenaplace,personificationcanmakedescriptionsmorevivid.

Scientistsarelearningthesecretwaysinwhichplants“talk”toeachother.Ithasbeenknownforsometimethatplantsusechemicals1______________(communicate)witheachother.When2________(attack)byinsects,theplantreleaseschemicalsfromtheleavesthat3______________(eat).Thisislike4___warning.Whenanotherplantdetectsthechemicals,itstartstorelease5___(it)own,differentchemicals.Somechemicalsdriveinsectsaway.

6____________(surprising),plantsalsousesoundtocommunicate.Someplantsmakenoiseswiththeirroots.Sometreesmakeclickingnoiseswhenthereisnotenoughwater,7__________(indicate)droughtisarriving.Mostsurprisinglyofall,plantshavean8________(amaze)systemofcommunicationthatcanlinknearlyeveryplantinaforest.Itiscalled“woodwideweb”,9______isinsomewayssimilartotheInternetweuse.Usingthewoodwideweb,plantscanshareinformationandevenfood10_____eachother.Surprisingly

indicating

amazing

which

with

tocommunicateattackedarebeingeatenaitsCompletethesummarybyfillingcorrectwordsorcorrectformsofthegivenwords.

1.Whatdoyouthinkarethebenefitsofstudyingplantcommunication?ThinkShareItwillhelpusknowmoreabouttheworldofplantsandthengetabetterunderstandingofthesecretofnatureandencourageustoexploremoreaboutthemysteriousnature.What’smore,itwillteachusanimportantlesson,thatis,humanshouldliveinharmonywithmothernature.Anditisourresponsibilitytofulfillthemission.2.Whatdiscoveriesaredescribedinthetworeadingpassagesinthisunitandwhatdotheirmeaningshaveincommon?ThinkSharePassage1reveals

thediscoveryofevolution.Theyallreflect

thattherearenumeroussecretsinnaturethat

remaintobeexplored.Passage

2revealsthediscoveryof

communicationbetweenplants.GroupWorkGiveatalkaboutcommunicationbetweenlivingthings.

1.

Readthepassageagainandtalkabouthowplantscommunicate.

2.Thinkaboutanddiscussthefollowingwaysofcommunicationin

theanimalworld.

•Bees“dance”tosignaltootherbeesthattheyhavefoundfood.•Antscommunicatewitheachotherthroughtouch,

chemicalsignals,movingtheirbodiesandevenusingtheir

legstomakesounds.•Whatotherwayscanyouthinkof?Giveatalkaboutcommunicationbetweenlivingthings.

3.Organiseyourideasfollowingthestepsbelow.•Beginwithwhatlivingthingsyouhavechosentotalkabout.•Explainhowtheycommunicateandgiveexamples.•Concludebyexplainingwhatwehavelearntfromtheir

behaviour.

4.Giveatalktotheclassaboutcommunicationbetweenlivingthings.WritingWritingWritinganobservationaljournal

Readtheobservationaljournalandanswerthequestions.1.Howwerethedaffodilbulbsplanted?2.Inwhatenvironmentdidtheleavesgrow?3.Whatdotheflowerslooklike?Week1Thedaffodilbulbshavebeenplantedsidebyside

insoil,

withthepointedendsfacingup.Waterhas

beenaddedandthecontainerwasputinacool,

dark

place.Thebulbsarebeingwateredregularly.Week3Asinglestemhassproutedfromeachofthebulbs.On

eachstemaretwoleaves,

whicharelongandnarrow

withawaxytexture.

Thecontainerhasbeenmovedto

asunny,

butcoolplace.Week6Thestemshavegrowntoaround20centimetrestall

andeachhasproducedasingleflower.Theflowersare

yellowandwhite,

andshapedliketrumpets.Theywereplantedsidebysideinsoil,withthe

pointedendsfacingup.Theleavesgrewinasunny,butcoolplace.Theflowersareyellowandwhite,andshaped

liketrumpets.WritingWritinganobservationaljournal

Workinpairsandlookatthepicturesandtalkabouthowthesunflowersgrow.Thenwriteanobservationaljournalaboutthesunflowers.1JuneCoveredwith1-2cmofmoistsoil,

thesunflower

seedtakesafewdaystocomeupafterbeing

planted.

Waterhasbeenaddedregularlyand

thehardseedcoatsoftensinthedampsoilto

allowthefirstroottopiercedownwardsandthe

firstleavestopushtothesoilsurface.WritingWorkinpairsandlookatthepicturesandtalkabouthowthesunflowersgrow.Thenwriteanobservationaljournalaboutthesunflowers.Writinganobservationaljournal

6JulyTherootcontinuestogrowdownwards.

The

singlestemgrowshollowandsmooth,revealing

largespade-shapedleavesfromthegrowingtip.

Gradually,theplant’sgrowingtiprevealsthe

firsthintsofdevelopmentoftheflowerbud.

The

plantstembecomesmorewoody.WritingWorkinpairsandlookatthepicturesandtalkabouthowthesunflowersgrow.Thenwriteanobservationaljournalaboutthesunflowers.Writinganobservationaljournal

26JulyAboutthreeweeksaftertheflowerbudfirst

becomesvisibleatthetipofthesunflowerstem,

itenlargesandbeginstorevealaflatteneddisc.

Overthecourseofoneweek,theyellowray

florets,

thediscfloretsbloomacrossthecore

ofthesunflowerblossom.Itisyellow,

looking

beautiful.WritingWorkinpairsandlookatthepicturesandtalkabouthowthesunflowersgrow.Thenwriteanobservationaljournalaboutthesunflowers.Writinganobservationaljournal

LanguagePointsPara.1mythsandlegends神话和传说aswellas也；又communicatewithsb.与某人交流Para.2-3afterall毕竟；终究Ithasbeenknownthat…众所周知…getattackedby被…袭击tinyamountsof微量的drive…away把…赶走sothat以便Para.4-6insomeways不完全地；在某种程度上besimilarto与…相似fungusn.真菌(复数：fungi)fungaladj.真菌的Talkingplantshavelongbeenathingofmythsandlegends.Manycultureshavestoriesoftalkingtreesthatgiveadviceaswellaswarningstopeople.会说话的植物一直是神话传说中的一大元素。在许多种文化中流传下来的故事里，会说话的树给予人们忠告和警示。AlexandertheGreatandMarcoPoloweresaidtohavevisitedsuchatreeinIndia.据说亚历山大大帝和马可·波罗曾在印度见过一棵会说话的树。Andinsomemodernstories,suchasthefilm

Avatar,treescancommunicatewithanimalsandpeople.在一些现代故事，例如电影《阿凡达》中，树可以与人类和动物沟通交流。•Para.1that引导定从，修饰talkingtrees1.Talkingplantshavelongbeenathingofmythsandlegends.Talkingplants即“会说话的树”，talking为现在分词作定语，它与所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，可以替换成一个定语从句，即Plantsthattalk。【拓展】单个分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词之前；分词短语作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后。现在分词作前置定语，通常表示正在进行的主动动作，也可以表示主动但不是正在进行的动作。过去分词作前置定语，通常表示被动，且有时有已完成的含义。LanguagePointsAfterreading—keywordsandexpressions

【例句】Afallingbodyisacceleratedbytheattractionoftheearth.（单个分词，前置）Thecinemastandingacrossthestreetwassetuplastyear.（分词短语，后置）Theinjuredmanwasrushedtothehospital.（单个分词，前置）MostoftheyoungmeninvitedtothepartywereJack’sclassmates.（分词短语，后置）asleepingchild,afallingstar（主动，正在进行）apromisingchild,awalkingdictionary（主动，但不是正在进行）friedeggs,boiledwater（被动完成）LanguagePoints1.Talkingplantshavelongbeenathingofmythsandlegends.Afterreading—keywordsandexpressions

2.AlexandertheGreatandMarcoPoloweresaidtohavevisitedsuchatreeinIndia.Andinsomemodernstories,suchasthefilmAvatar,treescancommunicatewithanimalsandpeople.【例句】据说Darwin是《物种起源》一书的作者。Darwinis

saidtobethewriterofthebookOntheOriginofSpecies.=Itis

saidthatDarwinisthewriterofthebookOntheOriginofSpecies.=Peoplesay

(that)DarwinisthewriterofthebookOntheOriginofSpecies.sbbesaidtodosth结构的含义和用法：sbbe

saidtodosth=Itissaidthatsbdosth=peoplesay(that)sbdosth“据说某人做了某事”。LanguagePointsAfterreading—keywordsandexpressions

Withuslongbelievingthattalkingplantsarefantasy,newresearchhasrevealedsomethingamazing:itappearsthatplantscancommunicateafterall.我们一直认为会说话的植物只存在于幻想之中，但新研究有了令人惊奇的发现：植物间似乎确实可以交流。•Para.23.Withuslongbelievingthattalkingplantsarefantasy,newresearchhasrevealed

somethingamazing:it

appearsthatplantscancommunicateafterall.Withuslongbelievingthattalkingplantsarefantasy复合结构在句中作状语，说明背景。现在分词believing和前面的代词是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动。【拓展】在“with+名词/代词+非谓语动词”复合结构中，非谓语动词可以是不定式（多指动作尚未发生）、动词-ing形式（多指动作正在进行）、动词-ed形式（与前面的名词构成被动关系）。LanguagePoints【例句】WithTimguidingus,

wehadnodifficultyinfindingthedestination.

由于Tim的引导，我们毫不费力地找到了目的地。Withnoonetotalk

to,Johnfeltmiserable.

没有人可以倾诉，约翰感到很难受。Withtheproblemsettled,

hefeltrelieved.

问题解决了，他如释重负。Afterreading—keywordsandexpressions

It

hasbeenknownforsometimethatplantsusechemicalstocommunicatewitheachother.人们早就知道植物可以利用化学物质相互交流。Thishappenswhenaplant,sayabeanplant,getsattackedbyinsects.Theplantreleasestinyamountsofchemicalsfromtheleavesthatarebeingeaten.Thisislikeawarning,oracallforhelp:“I”mbeingattacked!”当一株植物—比如豆科植物—被昆虫袭击时，就会发生这种情况。植物从正遭受啃食的叶子中释放出微量的化学物质，这像是警示，亦或求救：“我被攻击了!”•Para.3that引导定从，修饰theleaves4.Ithasbeenknownforsometimethatplantsusechemicalstocommunicatewitheachother.that引导主语从句，It为形式主语，为了避免头重脚轻。LanguagePointsAfterreading—keywordsandexpressions

1)Itis+n.+that

Itisapity/shamethat... Itisafactthat…2)Itis+adj.+that

It’scertain/possible/obviousthat…3)It+不及物动词+thatIthappened/appears/seemsthat...4)It+be+过去分词+从句Itissaid/reportedthat...5.Thishappenswhenaplant,sayabeanplant,getsattackedbyinsects.LanguagePointssay在这里意为“认为；假定，比方说”。【拓展】常用的表达还有：let’ssay(that)和justsay(that)。【例句】If

weputout,say,

twentychairs,

wouldthatbeenough?

如果我们搬出去，比方说二十把椅子，够不够？Let’ssay

yourplanfails,

thenwhat?

假设说你的计划失败，那怎么办？Justsayyouwonthelottery

—

whatwouldyou

do?

假定你中了彩票——你打算做什么？Afterreading—keywordsandexpressions

Whenanotherbeanplantdetectsthechemicalsfromitsinjuredneighbour,itstartstoreleaseitsown,differentchemicals.当另一株豆类植物检测到附近受伤同伴释放的化学物质时，它自身便开始释放不同的化学物质，Someofthesechemicalsdriveinsectsaway.Othersattractinsects—thewasps!其中一些能驱赶昆虫，而另一些则会吸引另一种昆虫—黄蜂！•Para.3Thewaspskilltheinsectsthatareeatingthebeanplants.黄蜂会杀死那些啃食豆类植物的昆虫。Scientistshopetolearnmore

aboutthisplantwarningsystem,科学家希望能进一步了解这种植物警报系统，sothatwecanuseittogrowcropswithoutpesticides.从而将其应用于种植不用使用农药的农作物。•Para.3sothat引导目的状语从句，意为“以便，为了”LanguagePoints单句语法填空1.Wemustadaptourthinkingtothe_________(damage)livingconditions.2.Theconcert_________(give)bytheirfriendswasasuccess.3.Themeeting,_________(attend)byoverfivethousandpeople,welcomedthegreathero.4.Theboylookedupwitha_________(satisfy)expression.5.Heistheman_________helpedthegirloutofthewater.6._________hefinishedwritingthecompositioninsuchashorttimesurprisedusall.damagedgivenattendedsatisfiedthat/whoThatMoresurprisingly,plantsalsousesoundtocommunicate.Peoplecan'thearthesesounds,butplantsaremakingthem.更不可思议的是，植物还能用声音进行交流。虽然人类听不到，但植物确实正在发出声音。Someplantsmakenoiseswiththeirroots.Cornandchilliplantsdothis.有些植物通过根部发出声响，比如玉米和辣椒。Theyalso“listen”tothenoisesfromotherplants.Achilliplantcantellifaneighbouringplantishelpful,orunfriendly.它们还能“听见”其他植物发出的声响。由此，辣椒可以知道自己附近的植物是敌是友。Sometreesmakeclickingnoises

whenthereisnotenoughwater,indicatingdroughtisarriving.还有些树木在缺水时会发出咔嗒声，以示干旱就要来了。•Para.4if引导宾语从句，作tell的宾语6.Sometreesmakeclickingnoiseswhenthereisnotenoughwater,indicatingdroughtisarriving.LanguagePointsindicating为现在分词作状语，表示方式。Afterreading—keywordsandexpressions

Onthelastdayofourweek­longstay,wewereinvitedtoattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,___________