专题01传统文化习俗考点素材

高考英语传统文化考点素材中国文化元素01中华社交习俗02目录01中国文化元素长城（TheGreatWall）Thereisalong,stretchingwallinChinacalledtheGreatWall,changcheng.Withalengthofmorethan5000kilometres,长城（TheGreatWall）changchengwasbuiltcontinuouslyovermorethant2000yearsbyChinesepeople.Thewatchtowerswouldbelitupbytorchesifawatchmanspottedanenemyinvasion.MessagescouldbepassedtothemilitarycentrefromoneWatchtowertoanother.Changchengwasexpectedtoprotectnationalpeace.Constructingchangchengwouldguardourownterritoryandwewon’tinfringe（侵犯）onotherpeople’sterritory.Itisnotonlybrickwall,butalsooneoftheworld’sgreatesthistoricalarchitecturalworks.饺子（Dumplings）DumplingsareoneoftheChinesepeople’sfavoritetraditionaldishes.AccordingtoanancientChineselegend,饺子（Dumplings）dumplingswerefirstmadebythemedicalsaint---ZhangZhongjing.Therearethreestepsinvolvedinmakingdumplings:1)makedumplingwrappersoutofdumplingflour;2)preparethedumplingstuffing;3)makedumplingsandboilthem.Withthinandelasticdoughskin,freshandtenderstuffing,delicioustaste,anduniqueshapes,饺子（Dumplings）dumplingsarewortheatinghundredsoftimes.There’sanoldsayingthatclaims,“Nothingcouldbemoredeliciousthandumplings”.DuringtheSpringFestivalandotherholidays,orwhentreatingrelativesandfriends,Chinesepeopleliketofollowtheauspiciouscustomofeatingdumplings.ToChinesepeoplewhoshowhighreverenceforfamilylove,饺子（Dumplings）havingdumplingsatthemomenttheoldyearisreplacedbythenewisanessentialpartofbiddingfarewelltotheoldandusheringinthenewyear.筷子（ChineseChopsticks）TheChinesewayofeatingwithchopsticksisuniqueintheworld.Therecordedhistoryofchopsticksstartedmorethanthreethousandyearsago.ChopstickswerenamedzhuinancientChinese.Theylookdeceptivelysimpletouse,筷子（ChineseChopsticks）butpossessmulti-variousfunctions,suchasclamping,turningover,liftingup,raking,stirring,scooping,poking,tearing,andsoon.ChopsticksweretakenasanauspiciousmascotbyordinarypeopleinancientChina.Forexample,thepartialtoneofchopsticksisoftenusedbypeopleasametaphoratweddingstoindicateablessingorbenedictionforthecoupletohaveababysoon.Unlikeusingaknifeandforkorone’sownhands,筷子（ChineseChopsticks）apairofchopsticksalsoimpliesthemeaningof“Harmonyiswhatmatters”.ChopsticksarehighlypraisedbyWesternersasahallmarkofancientorientalcivilization.中国功夫（Chinesekungfu）中国功夫（Chinesekungfu）italsoincludesthoughtsofTaoismandBuddhism.Chinesekungfuhasalonghistory,withmulti-varioussectsandmanydifferentboxingstyles,andemphasizescouplinghardnesswithsoftnessandinternalandexternaltraining.Itcontainstheancientgreatthinkers’ponderingoflifeandtheuniverse.Theskillsinwieldingthe18kindsofweaponsnamedbythelatergenerationsmainlyinvolvetheskillsofbare-handedboxing,中国功夫（Chinesekungfu）suchasshadowboxing(Taijiquan),formandwillboxing(Xingyiquan),eighttrigrampalm(Baguazhang),andtheskillsofkungfuweaponry,suchastheskillofusingswords,spears,two-edgedswordsandhalberds,axes,tomahawks,kooks,prongsandsoon.汉字（Chinesecharacters）Chinesecharacterswereinitiallymeanttobesimplepicturesusedtohelppeoplerememberthings.Afteralongperiodofdevelopment,itfinallybecameauniquecharactersystemthatembodiesphoneticsound,image,idea,andrhymeatthesametime.Thewritingsystem,whichwasextremelyadvancedinancienttimes,beganwithinscriptionsonbonesandtortoiseshells,汉字（Chinesecharacters）andtheseareregardedastheoriginalformsofChinesecharacters.Afterwards,Chinesecharacterswentthroughnumerouscalligraphicstyles:bronzeinscriptions,officialscript,regularscript,cursivescript,runningscript,etc.Chinesecharactersareusuallyroundoutsideandsquareinside,汉字（Chinesecharacters）whichisrootedinancientChinesebeliefsofanorbicularskyandarectangularEarth.ThefivebasicstrokesofChinesecharactersare“---“(thehorizontalstroke)“│”(theverticalstroke),“／”(theleft-fallingstroke),“＼”(theright-fallingstroke),and“乙”(theturningstroke).秧歌舞（Yangko）YangkoisoneoftraditionfolkdanceofHaninChina.Itisusuallyperformedinnorthernprovinces.Thedancersusuallywearcolorfulandlightcostumes,andtheperformanceispowerfulandrapid.DuringsomefestivalssuchasSpringFestival,LanteinFestival,ifpeoplehearthesoundofdrumandgong,nomatterhowcoldtheweatheris,秧歌舞（Yangko）针灸（Acupuncture）AcupunctureisanimportantpartoftraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM).Inaccordancewiththe“mainandcollateralchannels”theoryinTCM,thepurposeofacupunctureistodredgethechannelandregulateqiandblood,soastokeepthebody’syinandyangbalancedandachievereconciliationbetweentheinternalorgans.ItfeaturesintraditionalChinesemedicinethat“internaldiseasesaretobe针灸（Acupuncture）treatedwithexternaltherapy”.Themaintherapyofacupunctureinvolvesusingneedlestopiercecertainacupointsofthepatient’sbody,oradoptingmoxibustiontostimulatethepatient’sacupointssoastostimulatethechannelsandrelievepain.Withitsuniqueadvantages,acupuncturehasbeenhandeddowngenerationaftergenerationandhasnowspreadallovertheworld.Nowadays,acupuncture,针灸（Acupuncture）alongwithChinesefood,kungfu(otherwiseknownasChinesemartialarts),andtraditionalChinesemedicine,hasbeeninternationallyhailedasoneofthe“fournewnationaltreasures.”中国龙（ChineseDragon）中国印章（ChineseSeal）中国印章（ChineseSeal）Asealcanalsobedefinedasastamp.BoththeChineseofficialandprivatesealofvariousdynastieshavedifferenttitles,suchasstamp,zhunote,contract,fu,leaseandothers.ThesealsusedbytheemperorsofancientChinawerecalledxi,yin,bao,etc.Accordingtohistoricalrecords,sealswerewidelyusedduringtheWarringStatesPeriod(475BC-221BC).Themakingofasealistoengravefonts,中国印章（ChineseSeal）京剧（ChineseBeijingOpera）京剧（ChineseBeijingOpera）acrobatixfightinganddance.BeijingOperaportraysandnarratestheplotandcharactersthroughstylizedacting.ThemaintypesofrolesinBeijingOperaaresheng(male),dan(youngfemale),jing(paintedface,male),andchou(clown,maleorfemale).中国成语（ChineseIdioms）中国成语（ChineseIdioms）丝绸（Silk）Chinaisthehomeofsilk.Mulberryplanting,sericulture,silkreelingandthickeningareallgreatinventionsoftheancientChinese.AsearlyastheShangandZhouDynasties(1600BC-256BC),theChinesepeople’ssilk-weavingtechniqueshadreachedanextremelyhighlevel.DuringtheWesternHanDynasty(206BC-25AD),ZhangQian,anoutstandingdiplomat,丝绸（Silk）丝绸（Silk）丝绸（Silk）thegardenmustlookingeniousandnatural.”WhenyougosightseeinginaChineseclassicalgarden,youshouldbeabletoappreciateitsartisticconceptwhich“makesuseofthenaturallandscapetocreatetherealfunofmountainsandriversforviewers.”Oftheworld’sthreemajorgardensystems,theChineseclassicalgardenishailedasoneoftheoriginsoftheworld’sgardenduetoitslonghistoryandabundantconnotations.丝绸（Silk）十四.文房四宝（TheFourTreasuresoftheStudy）Thewritingbrush,inkstick,inkstone,andpaperwererequisitetreasuresinthestudyofthescholarsofancientChina,andtheyareoftenreferredtoasthe“FourTreasuresoftheStudy.”ThewritingbrushandinkstickhavebeenusedbytheChinesetowriteandpaintsince5,000yearsago.IntheQinDynasty(221BC---206BC),丝绸（Silk）peoplealreadyusedfeathersofdifferenthardnessandbambootrunkstomakebrushes.DuringtheHanDynasty(206BC-220AD),man-madeinkwasusedinsteadofnaturalink.AfterpaperwasinventedbytheChinese,bambooslips,woodentablets,brocadeandsilk,whichoriginallyfunctionedaswritingsurfaces,丝绸（Silk）graduallyfadedout.Theinkstonewasfirstdevelopedwiththeuseofwritingbrushesandink.AftertheSongDynasty(960AD---1279AD),the“FourTreasureoftheStudy”particularlyreferredtohubi,thewritingbrushproducedinHuzhou,Zhejiangprovince;huimo,theinkstickproducedinHuizhou,Anhuiprovince;xuanpaper,丝绸（Silk）akindofpaperproducedinXuanzhou,Anhuiprovince;andduanyan,theinkstonemadeinZhaoqing,Guangdongprovince(ZhaoqingwasearliercalledDuanzhou).Indeed,theFourTreasuresoftheStudy”havewrittinthewholeChinesecivilization,asitis.天干地支（ChineseEra）TheChineseeraisthesymbolthattheChinesecalendarusesforrecordingandnamingyears.ThetenHeavenlyStemsare:jia,yi,bing,ding,wu,ji,geng,xin,ren,gui.ThetwelveEarthlyBranchesare:zi.chou,yin,mou,chen,si,wu,wei,shen,you,xu,hai.Afterobservingthelunarmonth,theancientsfoundthatthemoonalwayswazesandwanesroughly12timesayear,天干地支（ChineseEra）andtwolunarmonthsaccountforabout60days,sotheorderofthetenHeavenlyStemsandtheorderofthetwelveEarthlyBranchesareproperlymatchedinturn.Intermsofrecordingdate,60yearsisconsideredtobeafulltimecycle.TheChineseerachronologywasfirstinventedinancienttimesandisstillinusenow.中国画（TheChinesepaintings）⑴It’sinterestingthatChinesepaintingscanbecreatedonthespot.⑵TheChinesedopaintingswithbrushes,dippingtheirbrushesininkorpaintandthenskillfullywieldingthem.⑶Paintersproduceonthepaperpictureswithlinesanddots——someheavy,andsomelight,andsomedeep,andsomepale.中西医(ChineseMedicine)⑴UsuallyaChinesemedicinepractitionerapproachestheillnessfromabroaderperspective,emphasizingitsentiretyanddialecticalimplications.⑵AWesterndoctordealsdirectlywithsymptoms.Forinstance,ifsomeonehasasorethroat,aWesterndoctorwilltreatitasathroatproblem,whileaChinesedoctormaylinkittothedisorderofthepatient’sstomach.中西医(ChineseMedicine)⑶AChinesedoctorexamineshispatientbyusingmethodlikeobserving,smelling,askingandfeeling.HisWesterncounterpartreliesonsymtomsorevidencelikebodytemperatureandlabtests.⑷Forpeoplewithterminaldiseases,Chinesemedicinemaybetheirlastresort.Chinesemedicinecannotonlyalleviatepain,butalsoofferstheoptionofadifferenttreatment.中西医(ChineseMedicine)十九．书法艺术（TheArtofCalligraphy）⑴Over2000yearsago,EmperorQinShihuang,thefirstEmperorinChinesehistory,establishedtheofficialChinesewritingcharacters.⑵Calligraphyalsohaditspracticalvaluesbecauseitwasagoodwaytomakefriendsandwasmorepresentableasagiftratherthanjewelryormoney.中西医(ChineseMedicine)中西医(ChineseMedicine)⑸ThebrushisthetraditionalChinesewritingtool.Itstipismadeofsofthairfromasheep,weaselorrabbit.二十.放风筝（Kite-flying）Legendssaythattheinspirationforkiteswasawoodenbirdflyingallday.Mostlikely,peoplewereinspiredbyahatblownoffbythewindandinventedfengzheng.Legendsalsosaidthatageneralboundbamboowhistlesonahugefengzhengmadeofoxhide.Thekitem