英语课件u6l2船上消防系统

Lesson2Fire-fightingsystemonBoardaShip船上的消防系统TextThere

are

two

ways

of

fighting

fire

on

board

a

ship-

by

usingportable

marine

fire

fighting

equipments

or

by

using

differenttypes

of

fixed

fire

fighting

installations.船上有两种灭火方式—通过使用便携式灭火设备或使用不同类型的固定式灭火装置。The

type

of

system

used

for

fighting

fire

depends

on

theintensity

and

type

of

fire.

Moreover,

not

all

types

of

fixed

fireinstallation

systems

can

be

used

for

any

type

of

ship.

A

specifictype

of

fixed

fire

fighting

installation

can

be

used

only

for

acertain

type

of

ship.用于灭火的系统类型取决于火的强度和种类。此外，并非所有类型的固定灭火装置能被用于任何船舶（每一特定船舶安装不同类型的固定灭火装置）。一种特定类型的固定灭火装置只能够用于某一类船舶。A

ship’s

main

emergency

fire

system

consists

of

a

specificnumber

of

fire

hydrants

located

at

strategic

positions

acrossthe

ship.船上主要的应急消防系统由位于船上战略位置的明确数目的消防栓组成。strategic

[strə'ti:dʒik]

adj.战略的,重要的A

series

of

dedicated

pumps

are

provided

to

supply

to

these

firehydrants.备有一系列的专用消防泵来提供（灭火剂）给这些消防栓。The

number

and

capacity

of

pumps

required

for

a

particulartype

of

ship

is

decided

by

an

international

governing

authority.特定船舶所需要的消防泵数量和容量由国际管理权威决定。Make

the

best

choice1.

A

ship’s

main

emergency

fire

system consistsofaspecificnumberof

located

at strategic

positions

across

the

ship.A.

fire

axes

消防斧

B.portable

extinguishersC.

fire

hydrants D.

CO2

gasAll

these

pumps

are

supplied

power

from

the

main power

system.

Apart

from

that,

an

emergency

fire pump

is

also

provided,

which

is

located

remote

from the

machinery

space.所有消防泵由总电源供电。此外，船上还备有应急 消防泵，应急消防泵位于远离机舱的地方。The

emergency

fire

pump

has

its

own

independent means

of

power

source,

which

can

be

used

to

take over

in

case

of

main

power

failure.应急消防泵采用独立能源，它能够在总电源故障时 候接替工作。Moreover,

all

the

hydrant

outlets

are

provided

with

an

isolated

valve

so

as

to

isolate

those

valves

which

are

not

in

use.The

fire

hydrants

are

also

provided

with

standard

size

flanges

inorder

to

attach

hoses

which

have

nozzles

attached

to

them.而且，所有消防栓出口都装有隔离阀，以便在其不用时予以关闭。消防栓上也装有标准尺寸的法兰，以便接上带有喷嘴的消防软管。All

the

hoses

are

provided

with

snap

in

connectors

for

easy

andquick

engaging

and

disengaging

operation.所有消防软管都有快速接口，以便能够轻松迅速的接合和断开。The

nozzles

attached

to

the

hoses

are

generally

of

two

types

–

jetand

spray,

depending

on

the

type

of

discharge

required

forextinguishing

the

fire.

Both

the

nozzles

can

be

adjusted

accordingto

the

type

of

spray

and

flow

required,

which

could

be

played

overthe

fire

to

cool

it

without

spreading.附于软管的喷嘴通常有两种类型—喷射和喷洒型，这取决于灭火所需的释放类型。两种喷嘴都可以根据所需的水雾和流量进行调整，以确保在火上操作能使其冷却并制止蔓延。Make

the

best

choice5.

All

the

hydrant

outlets

are

provided

with

an

isolatingvalve

.A.

so

as

to

isolate

those

valves

which

are

not

in

useB.

in

order

to

prevent

the

sea

water

from

the

fire

main

pipeC.

to

separate

the

section

of

the

fire

main

within

the

machineryspace

from

the

restD.

so

as

to

prevent

excessive过多的pressure

in

any

part

of

thefire

main

systemThe

pumps

are

connected

with

the

main

sea

water

connection,having

appropriate

head

to

prevent

any

type

of

suction

problem.消防泵连接到主要的海水接管，并有适当的接头来防止任何倒吸问题。suction

[‘sʌkʃən]

n.吸,吸入

The

valves

supplying

water

to

these

pumps

are

always

kept

opento

provide

a

constant

supply

of

sea

water

to

fight

fire

at

anypoint

of

time.给这些消防泵供水的阀门总是保持打开状态，确保能在任何时间点提供连续的海水灭火。Though

sea

water

is

the

best

mode

of

fighting

fire,

the

mainemergency

fire

fighting

system

can

only

be

used

on

fires

of

TypeA.

However,

in

case

of

class

B

fires,

if

all

modes

forextinguishing

fire

fails,

sea

water

from

main

emergency

systemcan

be

used.虽然使用海水是最好的灭火方式，总应急消防系统只能够用于A类火。但是，在发生B类火，且所有灭火手段都无效的时候，可以使用总应急系统内的海水。Make

the

best

choice2.

Though

sea

water

is

the

best

mode

of

fighting

fire, the

main

emergency

fire

fighting

system

can

only

be used

on

fires

of

.A.

Type

A

（固体有机物）B.

Type

B（液体、可溶固体、汽油等）C.

Type

C

（气体）D.Type

D（金属）The

standard

sized

flanges

provided

at

every

strategicallypositioned

hydrant

are

known

as

international

shoreconnection.在每一策略布置的消防栓上安装的标准尺寸法兰称为国际通岸接头。The

international

shore

connections

are

always

carried

on

all

theships

and

have

standard

dimensions

decided

by

an

internationalgoverning

authority.

The

flange

is

also

slotted

in

order

to

fit

anyshore

side

fire

main

and

bring

water

onto

the

ship

wheneverrequired.每一船舶备有国际通岸接头，其规格符合国际标准。法兰也开槽以便接上岸端的消防总管，并在任何需要的时候引水到船上。The

practice

of

international

shore

coupling

has

been

followed

toprevent

difficulties

at

time

of

emergency

when

an

external

help

is

providing

relief

work.使用国际通岸接头的做法已经被沿用在防止紧急事件中产生困难的情况下，这些情况下外部能够提供救援工作。coupling

['kʌpliŋ]

n.联结,结合,耦合Make

the

best

choice6.

The

standard

sized

flanges

provided

at

every strategically

positioned

fire

hydrant

on

board

are knownas

.A.

isolating

valve

隔离阀B.

international

shore

connectionC.relief

valve安全阀D.

fire

control

plan防火控制图Another

fixed

firefighting

system

is

Carbon

dioxide

floodingsystem.

Carbon

dioxide

(CO2)

is

a

colorless,

odorless

gas

that

isnaturally

present

in

the

atmosphere

at

an

average

concentrationof

0.03

percent.另一种灭火系统是二氧化碳灭火系统。二氧化碳是一种无色无味，自然存在于大气中，平均浓度占0.03%的气体。concentration

[kɔnsen'treiʃən]n.集中,专心,浓度It

is

used

for

extinguishing

fires

because

it

reduces

theconcentration

of

oxygen

in

the

air

to

the

point

wherecombustion

stops.二氧化碳用于灭火是因为它能够将空气中氧气浓度降低到燃烧点以下。combustion

[kəm'bʌstʃən] n.

燃烧Typically,

CO2

concentrations

of

30

to

70

percent

are

required

toextinguish

fires.灭火所需的二氧化碳浓度，很典型的，是30%-70%。Make

the

best

choice3.

It

is

used

for

extinguishing

fires

because

it reduces

intheair

tothepoint

where combustion

stops.A.

the

concentration

of

oxygen B.

the

temperatureC.

the

fuel D.

the

heat7.Carbon

dioxide

flooding

system

is

used

for extinguishing

fires

because

itreduces

the concentrationofoxygenintheairto

.A.

flashing

point

闪点B.

combustion

point燃烧点C.

auto-ignition

point自燃点D.

lower

explosive

limit爆炸下限Carbon

dioxide

extinguishers

are

installed

in

merchant

ships

toprovide

a

dependable

and

readily

available

means

to

flood

(orpartially

flood)

certain

areas

that

present

unusual

fire

hazards.对于某些区域产生的异常火灾，安装在商船上的二氧化碳灭火器能够提供可靠和及时的灭火（或部分灭火）方式。An

installed

CO2

extinguishing

system

has

one

or

more

40kgcylinders.

The

cylinders

may

be

installed

singly

or

in

batteries

oftwo

or

more.安装的二氧化碳灭火系统有一个或以上40千克的钢瓶。这些气瓶可能单个安装或二个或多个成组安装。Except

for

their

size

and

releasing

mechanisms,

the

40kg

portablecylinders

are

essentially

the

same

as

the

portable

cylinders

whichhas

a

capacity

of

5kg.除了它们的大小和释放结构，40千克和容量5千克的便携式气瓶在本质上是一样的。The

CO2

flooding

system

consists

of

one

or

more

cylindersconnected

by

piping

from

the

valve

outlets

to

a

manifold.

Fixedpiping

leads

from

the

manifold

to

various

areas

of

thecompartment

to

be

flooded.二氧化碳灭火系统由一个或多个通过管道从瓶头阀出口连接到总管的气瓶组成。固定管道由总管延伸到各个需要灭火的船舱区域。Cables

run

from

the

valve

control

mechanisms

to

pull

boxes

thatare

located

outside

the

compartment

containing

the

cylinders.(Sometimes,

the

cylinders

are

also

located

outside

of

thecompartment

to

be

protected.)瓶头阀控制机构与钢瓶储存间之外的遥控施放箱通过拉索连接。（有时，为保护钢瓶，也将它们置于储存间之外。）To

release

CO2,

just

break

the

glass

in

the

front

of

the

pull

boxand

pull

the

handle

of

the

cable

leading

to

the

CO2

cylinders.释放二氧化碳时，只需打破施放箱前方的玻璃，拉一下连接到二氧化碳钢瓶的拉索即可。Make

the

best

choice8.Fixedpipingleadsfromthe

to

various areas

ofthecompartmenttobeflooded.A.

manifoldB.remote

pull

box遥控施放箱C.dischargenozzle排出喷嘴D.machinery

space机舱There

are

usually

one

or

two

valve

control

devices

in

a CO2

flooding

system.

The

number

of

valve

control devices

provided

will

depend

on

the

number

of cylinders

in

the

bank.二氧化碳灭火系统中通常有一种或两种瓶头阀控制 装置。安装的控制装置数量取决于储库中钢瓶的数 量。The

remaining

cylinders

in

the

bank

(if

any)

are provided

with

the

pressure-actuated

discharge

heads. These

heads

open

automatically

when

pressure

from the

controlled

cylinders

enters

the

discharge

head outlet.储库中剩余的钢瓶（如果有的话）会安装上气动遥 控施放瓶头阀。当压力从控制中的钢瓶进入施放阀 门出口时，这些阀门自动开启。Make

the

best

choice4.

is

main

emergency

fire

system

in

all

merchant ships.A.

CO2

systemB.

Foam

systemC.

Dry

powder

systemD.

Water

supply

systemExercisesTask

1

Reading

ComprehensionHow

many

ways

are

there

to

fight

fire

on

board?2

ways.

Portable

+

FixedWhat

is

the

main

emergency

fire

system?numbers

of

hydrants

located

at

strategic

positionsWhat

parts

do

the

main

emergency

fire

system

consist of?a

specific

number

of

fire

hydrantsWhat

types

of

nozzles

are

there

on

board?generally

jet

&

sprayWhat

role

does

the

emergency

fire

pump

play?take

over

in

case

of

main

power

failureWhy

does

a

ship

equip

with

the

international

shore

connectionon

board?To

prevent

difficulties

at

time

when

an

external

help

is

providing

reliefwork.How

do

the

carbon

dioxide

extinguishers

work

for

fire-fighting?CO2

reduces

the

concentration

of

oxygen

in

the

air

to

the

pointwherecombustion

stops.What

difference

do

there

exist

between

varying

size

of

carbondioxide

cylinders?Releasing

mechanismsHow

does

the

cylinders

discharge

head

open?Automatically

when

pressure

enters

the

outlet.How

do

the

extinguishers

come

out

of

the

cylinders?Pull

the

handle

of

the

cable

leading

to

thecylinders.Task

2

Vocabulary

&

structureA.EEBD

(Emergency

Escape

Breathing