2023年研究生考试工商管理硕士(MBA)英语（二）2010-2022历年真题选编带答案难题含解析

2023年研究生考试工商管理硕士(MBA)英语（二）2010-2022历年真题选编带答案难题含解析（图片大小可自由调整）第1卷一.历年考点试题黑钻版(共75题)1.Gettoknowyourauthenticself.Discovertherealyou.Don'tblindlyaccepttheroleyouwereconditionedbyotherstofill.Youhaveyourownpathtofollow.Beyourownindependentperson.Don'tallowpeerpressuretoforceyouintoaninauthenticrole.

Beingamanorwomanisn'taboutblindlyfollowingpopulargenderpatterns,norisitaboutrejectingsuchpatternsoutofhandandrebelliouslyembracingtheiropposites.Ultimatelyyoumustdefinewhatkindofmanorwomanyouwillbecome.Thisisachoiceyoumustmakeforyourselfasanindividual,regardlessofwhatanyoneelsethinks.Whatkindofman/womandoyouwishtobe?Lifeawaitsyouranswer...2.Ourhypothesisisthatimmigrants,whooftendonotspeakthelanguageanddonotmasterthecultureandnormsofthehostcountry,areconcentratedinmoremanual-routinetasks(especiallyamonglesseducatedgroups).Theinflowofimmigrantsthusincreasesthesupplyofmanualskillsrelativetothesupplyofabstractskillswithtwoeffects:

●Duetothecomplementaritybetweenthesetypesofskills,theincreaseinthesupplyofmanualtasksboostsrelativecompensationforcomplexskills,makingthembetterpaid.

●Exploitingtheircomparativeadvantage,nativesmovetooccupationsrequiringarelativelyhigherleveloftheseskills.

Thispositivereallocationandthecomplementarityoftaskscanexplainthelackofnegativeemploymenteffectsaswellasthepotentialpositivewageeffectsofimmigrationonnativeworkers.

Sohere'showitallshakesout.Low-skilledimmigrationreduceseconomicinequalitywhenwesetasidenationalistassumptionsandfocusonpeopleinsteadofpopulations.Evenifweclingtoanalyticalandmoralnationalism,low-skilledimmigrationdoesn'thappentoincreasemeasuredinequality.Onthecontrary,complementariesbetweentheskillsofmigrantandnativeworkerscanleavenativesbetteroffthantheywouldhavebeenwithlessimmigration.3.4.Atfirst______,thefamouspaintingdoesn'timpresstheaudienceatall.A.glanceB.gazeC.stareD.view5.1.Describethegraphs.

2.Givesomereasons.

3.Predictthefuture.

6.Achemicalplantshouldberesponsibleforthewaterpollutioninanearbyriver.WritealettertotheCityEnvironmentProtectionAgencyto

1.statethepresentsituation.

2.suggestwaystodealwiththeproblem.

3.expressyoursincerehope.

Youshouldwriteabout100words.

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.7.Expectationssurroundingeducationhavespunoutofcontrol.Ontopofaseven-hourschoolday,ourkidsmarchthroughhoursofnightlyhomework,dailysportspracticesandbandrehearsals,andweekend-consumingassignmentsandtournaments.Eachactivityisseenasastepontheladdertoatopcollege,anenviablejobandasuccessfullife.Childrenlivinginpovertywhoaspiretocollegefacethesamedauntingadmissionsarmsrace,aswellastheburdenofcompetingforscholarships,withlesssupportthantheirprivilegedpeers.Eventhosenotboundforcollegearegrounddownbytheconstantmeasurementinschoolsunderpressuretopushthroughmountainsofrote,impersonalmaterialasearlyaspreschool.Yetinsteadofempoweringthemtothrive,thisdriveforsuccessiserodingchildren'shealthandunderminingtheirpotential.Modemeducationisactuallymakingthemsick.Workingtogether,parents,educatorsandstudentscanmakesmallbutimportantchanges.8.Direction:Supposeyouhavefoundsomethingwrongwiththeelectronicdictionarythatyouboughtfromanonlinestoretheotherday.Writeanemailtothecustomerservicecenterto

(1)makeacomplaintand

(2)demandapromptsolution.

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"ZhangWei"instead.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSERESHEET2.9.Thesupermarketisdesignedtolurecustomersintospendingasmuchtimeaspossiblewithinitsdoors.Thereasonforthisissimple:Thelongeryoustayinthestore,themorestuffyou'llsee,andthemorestuffyousee,themoreyou'llbuy.Andsupermarketscontainalotofstuff.Theaveragesupermarket,accordingtotheFoodMarketingInstitute,carriessome44,000differentitems,andmanycarrytensofthousandsmore.Thesheervolumeofavailablechoiceis

enoughtosendshoppersintoastateofinformationoverload.Accordingtobrain-scanexperiments,thedemandsofsomuchdecision-makingquicklybecometoomuchforus.Afterabout40minutesofshopping,mostpeoplestopstrugglingtoberationallyselective,andinsteadbeginshoppingemotionally—whichisthepointatwhichweaccumulatethe50percentofstuffinourcartthatweneverintendedbuying.10.Withthenation'sfinancialsystemteetering(蹒跚)onacliff,thecompensationarrangementsforexecutivesofthebigbanksandotherfinancialfirmsarecomingundercloseexaminationagain.

Bankers'excessiverisk-takingisasignificantcauseofthisfinancialcrisisandhascontributedtoothersinthepast.Inthiscase,itwasfueledbylowinterestratesandkeptgoingbyafalsesenseofsecuritycreatedbyadebt-fueledbubbleintheeconomy.

Mortgagelendersgladlylentenormoussumstothosewhocouldnotaffordtopaythemback,dividingtheloansandsellingthemofftothenextfinancialinstitutionalongthechain,whichtookadvantageofthesamehigh-techsecuritization(证券化)toloadonmoreriskymortgage-basedassets.

Financialregulationwillhavetocatchupwiththemostirresponsiblepracticesthatledbanksdowninthisroad,inhopesofavertingthenextcrisis,whichislikelytoinvolvedifferentfinancialtechniquesanddifferentsortsofassets.Butitisworthexaminingtherootproblemofcompensationschemesthataretiedtoshort-termprofitsandrevenues,andthusencouragebankerstotakeirresponsiblelevelofrisk.11.1)introduceyourselfandyourpurpose

2)explainthetypeofholidayyouwant

3)

askfornecessarytravelinformation

Writeyourletterinnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter;use"LiMing"instead.12.Direction:Itisknownthattextmessage(手机短信)hasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.Somepeoplethinkitisablessing,whileothersregarditasahell.Inthissection,youareaskedtowriteanessayontextmessaging.Youcantakeeitherstandandprovidespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyourideas.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.13.Nevermindacrispshirtorafirmhandshake.Ifyouwanttoimpressapotentialemployer,putonapairofspectacles.

Jobhuntersaremorelikelytobehirediftheywearglassestotheirinterview,accordingtoastudy.Athirdofadultsthinkspectacle-wearerslookmoreprofessional,while43percentthinktheyappearmoreintelligent.

And40percentofthosewith20-20visionwouldconsiderwearingclearlensesifitwouldimprovetheirchancesofgettingajob.Anothersixpercentwouldputonglassestofeelfashionable,andninepercentthinkspectaclesmakethewearerlookmoreattractive,thestudybytheCollegeofOptometristsfound.

PsychologyprofessorCaryCooper,fromLancasterUniversity,said:"Itisnotsurprisingthatbusinesseswanttoemployintelligentstaffbuttheideathatintelligentpeoplewearglassesisanoldstereotypethathasnotgoneaway."

Infact,glassesareapoorindicationofintelligencebecauseyoucanhavebadeyesightforanumberofreasonsandthenchoosetowearcontactlenses.

Itispossiblethatsomepeoplehavemoreself-confidenceandchangetheirbehaviourwhentheyputonglasses,whichcouldinitselfimprovetheirchancesatinterview.14.Directions:

YouhavejustcomebackfromHongKongandfoundaletterwhichcamefromyourfriendDavid.Butyoufindtheletterhasbeenyourhomeforabouttwoweeks.Writehimaletterto

1.makeanapology,

2.suggestasolution.15.Directions:

Writeanessaybasedonthefollowinggraph.Inyouressay,youshould

1)interpretthegraph,and

2)giveyourcomments.

Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

2001年～2015年中国留学回国人数

16.Thenewlybuiltfactoryisinurgentneedofanumberofskilledand______workers.A.consistentB.consciousC.confidentialD.conscientious17.Directions:

Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingbargraph.Inyouressay,youshould

1)interpretthegraph,and

2)giveyourcomments.

Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.18.Changingone'sdietcanbedifficultbecauseitrequiresnewfoodhabitsandlearningaboutalternativesourcesofproteinandiron.Culturalbarriers,suchasgender,race,ethnicity,educationandwhereyoulivearealsoinvolved:whitemenintheMidwesteatconsiderablymorebeefthantheircompatriotsonthecoasts,andeducationisinverselyproportionaltobeefandmeatconsumption.There'salsoaperceivedlackofpleasureassociatedwithgoingmeatlessbecausemanycarnivoresperceivevegetariandietsasboring.Inaddition,historicaldataonratesofpeopleadoptingavegetariandiethaverisenfrom0.9percentin1991toabout3percentintheU.S.now,suggestingthatactionsperceivedasinvolvingsacrificesofcomfortorpleasurearenotadoptedwidely.Scientistshaveidentifiedseveralenergy-savingbehaviors

that

share

theobstacles

offorgoingcomfortandpleasure.Line-dryingclothing,forinstance,resultsinstifffabricthatcanbescratchyontheskin;shortershowerscanfeelcoldandrushed;andsettingthethermostathigherinsummercanmakeapersonfeeltoowarm.19.Direction:Writeashortessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyourwriting,youshould

(1)interpretthechartand

(2)giveyourcomments.

Youshouldwriteatleast150words.

WriteyouressayonANSWERSHEET2.

20.So,whyisitsohardtothrowinthetowel,evenwhenonsomelevelyouknowyoushould?Foronething,it'sembarrassingtoadmittoothersthatyou'vebittenoffmorethanyoucanchew,orthatyou'vemadeanerrorofjudgment.Noonelikestobethoughtofasa'quitter.'Foranother,quittingmeansacceptingtheunrecoverablecosts—allthetimeandenergythatyou'vealreadyputintoreachingyourgoalthatyoucannevergetback.

Ofcourse,onceyourealizethatyouprobablywon'tsucceed,orthatsuccessisn'tworththeunhappinessyourprojectiscausingyou,itshouldn'tmatterwhattheunrecoverablecostsare.Ifyourjob,youradvanceddegree,oryourunfinishednovelhastakenupsomeofthebestyearsofyourlife,itdoesn'tmakesensetogivethemevenmoreyears.Thatwillonlymakeyoumiserable.21.Directions:YouaresupposedtowritefortheStudents'Unionanoticetorecruitvolunteersforaconferenceonaninternationaltradefair,youshouldconcludethebasicqualificationofapplicantandtheotherinformationyouthinkrelative.

Youshouldwriteabout100words.

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"Students'Union"instead.

Donotwriteyouraddress.22.Toxicworkplacerelationships,failingcompanyfortunesandlimitedadvancementopportunitiesarejustafewcompellingreasonstoquitajob.Butcareerexpertssaymanyworkplaceproblemsthatemployeesmaythinkareirreconcilablecanbeimprovedorevenresolvedwithsomeactionandachangeofattitude.First,findoutifyourproblemsareunique.Reachouttoco-workersinotherdepartments,peersthroughindustryassociationsorevencallcolleaguesatothercompaniestocomparenotes.Second,separatethedemandsofworkfromyourownexpectationsofyourself.Ifyou'reunhappyaboutfallingshortofyourownpersonalcareergoals,trybreakingyourbiggoalsintosmaller,morerealisticallyachievableones.Thiscanimproveyourmoralebyreinforcingsmallsuccesses.Third,pitchyourbossonalessformalandmoregoal-orientedworkplace.Andofferimprovedresultsinexchangeformoreautonomy.Iftheoperationalprocessesofyourjobareleadingtofailure,alteryourapproach,

ifyoucan.23.Directions:

Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingcharts.Inyourwriting,youshould

1)interpretthecharts,

2)explainthephenomenon,and

3)giveyourcomments.

Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

24.Directions:

Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingbargraphandpiechart.Inyouressay,youshould

1)interpretthegraphandchart,and

2)giveyourcomments.

Youshouldwriteatleast150words.

WriteyouressayontheANSWESHEET.

25.“五一”、“十一”长假已逐步为人们所习惯，给百姓带来了充足的娱乐休闲机会，更促进了旅游经济的发展。但是，“黄金周”也带来了诸如交通压力增大、环保等诸多问题。作为一名普通百姓，请你给政府有关部门写一封信，提出你关于“黄金周”的意见和建议。

题目分析

题目要求写一封建议信。建议信是建议收信人采取某种行动，做出某种选择或某种改变的信件。这类信件通常分为这样几个部分：

1．说明建议的内容。

2．说明提出建议的原因。

3．说明采纳建议的好处，或者详述建议的具体做法。26.It'sclearthatanonymoussocialnetworksaregrowingquickly:Whisperhasdrawn2.5billionpageviewsamonth,whileSecrethas3.5billionpageviews;Snapchathasattracted26millionusers.Somecallthemonlineconfessionals,othersbelievethey'remerelyamillennialfad,andmostjustseethemasvehiclesforinappropriatecommentary.Whilethatmaybethecasenow,thenoisewilleventuallydiedown.

Andmoreimportantly,thereisalargerlessontobelearnedforcompanieslookingtosooncapitalizeonthisnewandactiveaudience.Liketraditionalsocialnetworksoncewere,anonymousonesareintheirinfancy,andthepotentialforserviceslikeWhisperishugebecausethereislegitimacybehindwhatpeoplearesaying.There'sastrongneedforenterprisestobeabletocapturepublicinputinaplacewherecustomersfeelsafeinordertoturnthatfeedbackintoaction.27.Afterworking36-hourshiftsasaresidentinorthopaedicsurgery,TarynRoseknewalotaboutsorefeet.Butunlikemostofhercolleagues,sheturnedherpainintoprofit.TodaysheisCEOofTarynRoseInternational,a$28millioncompanythatmakeschic,andcomfortable,shoes.

AVietnameserefugeewhomovedtotheUnitedStateswhenshewasjusteight,Roseassumedshe'dfollowinthefootstepsofherphysicianfather.Forawhile,shedid,gettinghermedicaldegreefromtheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniaandoptingforgruellingtraininginorthopaedicsurgery.

Butwhenthetimecametoapplyforpost-residentialfellowships,Rosefoundherheartwasnolongerinmedicine."Ifeltlikeapartofme,thepartthatlovestolearnnewthings,thatlikesadventure,wouldbedying."

Rosehadalwayslovedshoes,especiallyhighheels.Whenherfellowresidentsheadedhomeafterlonghoursontheirfeet,"IwouldmakemywaytoNeimanMarcusforsomeretailtherapy,"shesays.Whatif,shewondered,shegaveuphercareertolearnhowtomakestylishshoesthatcouldstanduptoaday'swork?28.Directions:

Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyourwriting,youshould

1)interpretthechart,and

2)giveyourcomments.

Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

某市10年间上网和看电视人数变化

29.Mostpeoplewoulddefineoptimismasbeingendlesslyhappy,withaglassthat'sperpetuallyhalffull.Butthat'sexactlythekindoffalsecheerfulnessthatpositivepsychologistswouldn'trecommend."Healthyoptimismmeansbeingintouchwithreality,"saysTalBen-Shahar,aHarvardprofessorAccordingtoBen-Shahar,realisticoptimistsarethosewhomakethebestofthingsthathappen,butnotthosewhobelieveeverythinghappensforthebest.

Ben-Shaharusesthreeoptimisticexercises.Whenhefeelsdown—say,aftergivingabadlecture—hegrantshimselfpermissiontobehuman.HeremindshimselfthatnoteverylecturecanbeaNobelwinner;somewillbelesseffectivethanothers.Nextisreconstruction.Heanalyzestheweaklecture,learninglessonsforthefutureaboutwhatworksandwhatdoesn't.Finally,thereisperspective,whichinvolvesacknowledgingthatinthegrandschemeoflife,onelecturereallydoesn'tmatter.30.Directions:

Writeanessaybasedonthetopic:IsaTestofSpokenEnglishNecessaryinManyEnglishTexts?Inyourwriting,youshould

1)answerthequestion;

2)giveyourcomments.

Youshouldwriteatleast150words.

WriteyouressayontheANSWERSHEET.31.Thefinanceministerhasnotbeenso______sinceheraisedtaxestoanunbearablelevel.A.famousB.favorableC.popularD.preferable32.Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyouressay,youshould

1)interpretthechart,and

2)giveyourcomments.

Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET2.

33.Itisunimaginableforsomeoneinsuchahigh______inthegovernmenttobehavesobadlyinpublic.A.situationB.positionC.professionD.appointment34.So,whyisitsohardtothrowinthetowel,evenwhenonsomelevelyouknowyoushould.'?Foronething,it'sembarrassingtoadmittoothersthatyou'vebittenoffmorethanyoucanchew,orthatyou'vemadeanerrorofjudgment.Noonelikestobethoughtofasa'quitter'.Foranother,quittingmeansacceptingtheunrecoverablecosts—allthetimeandenergythatyou'vealreadyputintoreachingyourgoalthatyoucannevergetback.

Ofcourse,onceyourealizethatyouprobablywon'tsucceed,orthatsuccessisn'tworththeunhappinessyourprojectiscausingyou,itshouldn'tmatterwhattheunrecoverablecostsare.Ifyourjob,youradvanceddegree,oryourunfinishednovelhastakenupsomeofthebestyearsofyourlife,itdoesn'tmakesensetogivethemevenmoreyears.Thatwillonlymakeyoumiserable.35.JugglingajobwithlookingafterkidsmeanstheaverageBritishmumjustgets26minutestoherself,astudyreveals.Thereport—issuedtocoincidewithInternationalWomen'sDay—alsofoundnolet-upinlaterlifewhenkidshavelefthome,becauseoncetheybecomegranstheyenduplookingafterlittleonesalloveragain.

Thereportrevealsthepressuresmodern-daymumsfacecomparedtopreviousgenerationsdatingbacktothe1930s.Keyfindingsare:Threeoutof10reckontheyhavefarless"metime"thantheirownmothersdid—barelythreehoursaweekonaverage.

Dadsstillfailtoshouldertheirfairshareathome.Threein10ofthe1,000womenwhotookpartinthestudyconfessedtofeelingunderconstantpressuretobe"theperfectmother".

ResearcherKateFoxsaid:"Thereisincreasingpressureonmotherstoworka'doubleshift'—tobetheperfectmotheraswellasawage-earner."36.WiththepopularityoftheInternet,moreandmorepeopledoshoppingonline.Serialreturnerreferstosomeonewhoregularlyordersmorethantheyneedandsendssomeoftheitemsback.Threeintenshoppersdeliberatelyover-purchaseandsubsequentlyreturnunwanteditems,withoneinfiveadmittingtoorderingmultipleversionsofthesameitemtomakeuptheirmindathome-safeintheknowledgetheycanchoosefromtheever-growingnumberofwaystoquicklyandeasilysenditemsback.

Shoppershavealsocometoexpectgoodvalueregardlessofwhetherthey'remakingapurchaseorareturn.Sixintensayaretailer'sreturnspolicyimpactstheirdecisiontomakeapurchaseonline,andalmosthalfofthesewouldnotorderanitemiftheyhadtofundthecostofsendingitbackfromtheirownpocket.Serialreturnerssaidtheywouldsendbackfewerpurchasesifbusinessesweretostandardizeclothingandshoesizes.37."Sustainability"hasbecomeapopularwordthesedays,buttoTedNing,theconceptwillalwayshavepersonalmeaning.Havingenduredapainfulperiodofunsustainabilityinhisownlifemadeitcleartohimthatsustainability-orientedvaluesmustbeexpressedthrougheverydayactionandchoice.

Ningrecallsspendingaconfusingyearinthelate1990ssellinginsurance.He'dbeenthroughthedot-comboomandburstand,desperateforajob,signedonwithaBoulderagency.

Itdidn'tgowell."Itwasareallybadmovebecausethat'snotmypassion,"saysNing,whosedilemmaaboutthejobtranslated,predictably,intoalackofsales."Iwasmiserable.IhadsomuchanxietythatIwouldwakeupinthemiddleofthenightandstareattheceiling.Ihadnomoneyandneededthejob.Everyonesaid,'Justwait,you'llturnthecorner,giveitsometime.'"38.1.thetime,addressandcontentofthelecture.

2.thescopeofstudentstoparticipate.

3.thesubjectandbackgroundofthelecture.39.Directions:

Supposeyouruniversityisgoingtohostasummercampforhighschoolstudents.Writeanoticeto

1)brieflyintroducethecampactivities,and

2)callforvolunteers.

YonshouldWriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

Donotuseyournameorthenameofyouruniversity.

Donotwriteyouraddress.40.Directions:

Inthispart,youareallowedtowriteacompositiononthetopicTheChangesinChina'sForeignTrade.Youshouldwriteatleast150words,basedonthefollowinginformations.

WriteyouressayontheANSWERSHEET.

41.Studythefollowingpiechartcarefullyandwriteanessaybasedonthetips:

1.Describethepicture.

2.Showyourunderstandingofthesymbolicmeaningofthepicturebelow.

3.Giveyouropinionsoradvice.

Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsneatly.

42.Directions:

Inthispart,youareallowedtowritealettertoexpressyourcongratulationonyouraunt'smarriage.Youshould

1)writealettertoshowyourcongratulation.

2)expressyourexhilarationandhopetocongratulatefacetoface.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"ZhangWei"instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.43.Direction:YouhavejustcomebackfromNewYorkandfoundabookinyourluggagethatyouforgottoreturntoMike,yourlandlordthere.Writehimaletterto

1)makeanapology,and

2)suggestasolution.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.44.It'smidday,andyourphone'sbatteryisdangerouslyclosetothe20percentmark.Ifyou'relikethemajorityofpeople,thatrediconwillleaveyoufeelingpanicked,annoyedandhuntingforasparecharger.LGhasdubbedthiscondition"LowBatteryAnxiety"andsaysthatnearly9outof10peoplesufferfromthefearoflosingpowerontheirphone.

Thecompanypolledarandomsampleofmorethan2,000adultsmartphoneusersintheUSearlierthisyear.Whenitcomestochoosingbetweenhittingthegymorchargingtheirsmartphone,itfoundoneinthreepeoplearelikelytoskipthegym.Butmillennialstendtohaveitworse—with42percentlikelytoskipthegymwhenchoosingbetweenworkingoutorchargingtheirphone.Smartphoneuserswilleven"dropeverything"andmakeaU-turntoheadbackhometochargetheirphone.45.Directions:

YouaregoingtotakepartinMBAexam.WritealetterofinquirytothedeanofManagementSchooltoinquireabout:

1)thesubjectstobeexamed;

2)thenumberofstudentstobeenrolled;

3)otherthingsyoushouldpayattentionto.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

Donotuseyourownname.Use"LiMing"instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.46.LastSunday,China'scentralbankgovernorZhouXiaochuansaidifnecessary,thenationwillconsiderwideningtheyuan'stradingband.

Butanychangeintheyuan'sfloatingbandwilldependontheglobaleconomicsituationandit'snottheonlytoolthecountrywouldusetomakeitscurrencymoreflexible,ZhousaidattheGroupof20meetinginCapeTown,SouthAfrica.

Chinawidenedtheyuan'sdailytradingbandagainsttheU.S.dollarfromplusorminus0.3percentto0.5percentinMay.However,marketobserverssaidsomecommercialbanksareorderedbythecentralbanktohandinreserverequirementsinforeigncurrenciesnextweek,whichwilltranslateintodemandfortheU.S.dollar.ThiswillsomehowhelpslowdownRMB'sappreciationagainstthegreenbackinthecomingfewdays.47.AhugeproportionoftheIranianbudgetisspentonsubsidizingawiderangeofgoodsforIranianconsumersfromfoodtorefinedpetroleum.PresidentAhmadinejadhasbeenproposingabigcutinthatsubsidy.Hisargumentisthatitshouldbereplacedwithcashhandoutstothemostneedy.ButtheIranianparliamentisworriedthatMrAhmadinejad'sproposalcouldincreaseinflationtoanannualfigureofupto50%.Somembersofparliamenthavehalvedtheproposedcuts.There'sconcernthatadramaticriseinpricescouldprovokeanewroundofunrestandperhapsleadthepoorerclassestogivemoreactivesupporttotheopposition.There'realsosuspicionsthattherealmotiveforthesubsidycutistomakeupforabudgetshortfall.Clearfiguresarehardtogetholdof,butitseemsthatMrAhmadinejad'sgovernmentfailedtobuildupanysubstantialcashreserveswhenoilpriceswereatrecordlevels.ForyearsIranianshavebeensufferingmultipleeconomicproblemsincludinginflationatorabove2%.BlameisplacedeitheronMrAhmadinejad'seccentricmanagementofIran'sfinancesoroninternationalsanctionsoracombinationofboth.Withnewsanctionsactivelyunderdiscussion,thesituationisnotabouttogetanyeasier.48.Winningisoftentheresultofpersistence,ofnotgivingupwhenyourgoalappearstobeinjeopardy."Whenyouadopttheattitudethatifyoudosomethingitwillmakeadifference,that'sconfidence,"RosabethMossKanter,authorofthebestsellingbookConfidencesays."Lookatyoursituationandthinkofyourselfasbeinginthemiddleofit.Thestoryisrarelyover,evenwhenthegreatmajoritythinkitis—somethingeverysportsfanknows."

KickerAdamVinatierihelpedtheNewEnglandPatriotsfootballteamdefeattheMiamiDolphins27—24onDecember29,2002,whenhekickeda42-yardfieldgoalinthefinalseconds,aftermanyspectatorshadalreadygotupfromtheirseatstomaketheirwayoutofthestadium.Thiseventgotfanssaying,"It'snotoveruntilVinatierikicks."Sureenough,inthe2004SuperBowl,Vinatierikickedthegame-winningpointsforthePatriotsinthefinalfewseconds.

Certainly,therewillstillbemomentsandsituationsthatjustaren'tgoingtogoyourway,andthisisthetimewhenconfidenceneedstobetemperedbyrealism.Ifyoubelieveinyourselfsostronglythatyouactrashly,confidencecanactuallymakeyou"stupid".

Sohandleitwithcare—anduseyourconfiden