2023年自考类英语自考英语词汇学2010-2022历年真题选编带答案难题含解析

2023年自考类英语自考英语词汇学2010-2022历年真题选编带答案难题含解析（图片大小可自由调整）第1卷一.历年考点试题黑钻版(共75题)1.Ofthefollowingword-formationprocesses,______isthemostproductive.A.clippingB.blendingC.initialismD.derivation2.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthemeaningsof"word-meaning"?A.Sense.B.Concept.C.Reference.D.motivation.3.homonymy4.Theoriginalmeaningofministeris______.A.headofaministryB.tutorC.farmerD.servant5.TheunmarkedtermOfanantonymouspairoftencoversthe______ofthemarked.6.Howdoyouunderstandsemanticmotivation?7.______istheformationofwordsbyaddingword-formingorderivationalaffixestostems.A.PrefixationB.DerivationC.SuffixationD.Compounding8.Theattitudesofclasseshavealsomadeinroadsintolexicalmeaninginthecaseofelevationor______.9.ThereasonforthatmoreandmoredifferencesoccurbetweensoundandformisthattheEnglishalphabetwasadoptedfromthe______.A.PacificsB.GermanicsC.CelticsD.Romans10.morphologicalmotivation11.Thefollowingareuser-friendlyfeaturesofLongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish,EXCEPT______.A.extracolumnB.cleargrammarcodesC.usagenotesD.languagenotes12.Morphemeswhichareidenticalwithrootwordsareconsideredtobe______morphems.13.Inthesamelanguage,thesameconceptcanbeexpressedin______.A.onlyonewordB.twowordsC.morethanthreewordsD.differentwords14.Analternativeforconversionis______shift.15.Whatistheappropriateantonymforacuteinthefollowingstatement?

Shegotanacutepaininherback.16.Wordslike"miaow","tick-tuck"and"ping-pong"are______motivated.A.onomatopoeicallyB.morphologicallyC.semanticallyD.etymologically17.Thechangeofmeaningisbroughtaboutbythefollowinginternalfactorsexcept______.A.theinfluxofborrowingB.alliterationC.analogyD.shortening18.conversion19.Vocabularyisthemostunstableelementofalanguageasitisundergoingconstantchangesbothinformand______.20.Asforthehyponymywehaveand______.A.superordinates;subordinatesB.antonyms;synonymsC.monosemy;polysemyD.radiation;concatenation21.Shakespeareisdifficulttounderstandthancontemporarywritingsbecausemanyofhiswordswereusedindifferent______fromwhattheyhavenowindictionaries.A.sensesB.formsC.dialectsD.terms22.______referstothespecializedvocabulariesbywhichmembersofparticulararts,sciences,tradesandprofessionscommunicateamongthemselves.A.SlangB.ArgotC.JargonD.Archaism23.Semanticfieldisalsoanintegralpartof______.A.wordformationB.wordmeaningC.meaningchangeD.senserelations24.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?______A.ThefourmajorforeigncontributorstoEnglishvocabularyinearliertimesareLatin,French,ScandinavianandItalian.B.ModemEnglishisconsideredtobeananalyticlanguage.C.EnglishismorecloselyrelatedtoGermanthanFrench.D.TheintroductionofprintingintoEnglandmarkedthebeginningofmodemEnglishperiod.25.Whatisthedifferencebetweenpartialandfullconversion?Explainwithtwoexamples.26.Morphemeswhichcannotoccurasseparatewordsare______morphemes.27.Spendmoneylikewaterisanexampleof______.A.metaphorB.simileC.metonymyD.synecdoche28.associativemeaning29.Whichofthefollowingaboutextra-linguisticcontextistrue?______A.Itcanbesubdividedintoextra-linguisticcontextandnon-linguisticcontext.B.Itonlyreferstothephysicalsituationorenvironmentrelatingtotheuseofwords.C.Itembracesthepeople,time,sizeandplace.D.Itmayextendtoembracetheentireculturalbackground.30.Whenawordiscreated,ithasonlyonemeaning.Thefirstmeaningis______pounding32.Whichofthefollowingisnotoneofthestylisticfeaturesofidioms?A.Frozenstyle.B.Slang.C.Literarystyle.D.Colloquialisms.33.Theoriginalmeaningofsuccessis______.A.resultB.progressC.eventD.incident34.Areferencebookalphabeticallyarrangedalongwithinformationabouttheforms,pronunciations,functions,etymologies,meanings,andsyntacticalandidiomaticusesofwordsiscalled______.A.encyclopediaB.dictionaryC.glossaryD.concordance35.InOldEnglishtherewas______agreementbetweensoundandform.A.moreB.littleC.lessD.gradual36.syntheticlanguage37.Rapidgrowthofscienceandtechnologybreedssuchnewwordsasthefollowingexcept______.A.openheartsurgeryB.fastfoodC.moonwalkD.spaceshuttle38.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?______A.Connotativemeaningreferstoassociationssuggestedbytheconceptualmeaning.B.Stylisticmeaningaccountsfortheformalityofthewordconcerned.C.Affectivemeaningisuniversaltoallmenalike.D.Denotativemeaningcanalwaysbefoundinthedictionary.39.The______approachinlexicologystudyisconcernedwiththevocabularyofalanguageasitexistsatagiventime.40.Changesofwordmeaningareduetolinguisticfactorsand______factors.41.Vocabularyisthemostunstableelementofalanguageasitisundergoingconstantchangesinbothinformand______.42.Unlikereference,"sense"denotestherelationships______thelanguage.A.insideB.outsideC.betweenD.outof43.Thesentence"Heisabigwheel."means______.A.hehasabigcircleB.hislegsarelongC.hiscarhasbigwheelsD.heisaveryimportantperson44.Fortuitousformerlydenoted"happeningbychance

accidental"andlatertookonthemeaning"fortunate"probablyby______becausethetwowordslooksimilar.45.ModernEnglishvocabularydevelopsthroughthreechannels:______.A.creation,conversionandborrowingB.creation,borrowingandback-formationC.creation,semantic

changeandborrowingD.semanticchange,borrowingand

back-formation46.Thereisassociatedtransfer,forexample,thelipofawound;thetongueofabell;the______ofaplane,inwhichthemeaningistransferredthroughassociation.A.eyesB.faceC.noseD.ears47.zeroderivation48.TheprehistoricIndo-Europeanparentlanguageisthoughttobeahighly______language.49.Whatisthedifferencebetweenpolysemyandperfecthomonyms?50.unabridgeddictionaries51.Absolutesynonymsare______.A.numerousB.rareC.popularD.common52.Asfarastheoriginsofthewordsareconcerned,Englishwordscanbeclassifiedintonativewordsand______words.53.Themeaningof"fond"changedfrom"foolish"to"affectionate"bymodeof______.A.extensionB.narrowingC.elevationD.degradation54.Intheword"contradiction",themorpheme"-dict"is______.A.freerootB.boundrootC.freemorphemesD.affix55.Homophonesareoftenemployedtocreatepunsfordesiredeffectsof______.A.humourB.sarcasmC.ridiculeD.alltheabove56.Therearegenerally______majorfactorsthatcausechangesinwordmeaning.57.Apartfromthestylisticfeatures,idiomsmanifestapparentrhetoricalcoloringinsuchaspectsasofphoneticmanipulation,lexicalmanipulation

and______.58.acronyms59.The______familyconsistsofthefourNorthernEuropeanLanguages:Norwegian,Icelandic,DanishandSwedish,whicharegenerallyknownasScandinavianlanguages.A.GermanicB.Indo-EuropeanC.AlbanianD.Hellenic60.Context______meaning.A.explainsB.interpretsC.definesD.alltheabove61.Therootoftheword"internationalist"is______.A.interB.nationC.tionD.ist62.Monolingualdictionariesarewrittenin______language.A.differentB.oneC.complicatedD.two63.WhichofthefollowingwordsisNOTformedthroughclipping?A.Dorm.B.Motel.C.Gent.D.Zoo.64.grammaticalmeaning65."Tables,men,potatoes"havethesame______meaning,fortheyhavethesamepluralmeaning.A.lexicalB.grammaticalC.conceptualD.associative66.Thegeneralestimateofthepresent-dayEnglishvocabularyisover______words.A.onebillionB.twomillionC.twobillionD.onemillion67.Itisnoticeablethat______overlapswithstylisticandaffectivemeaningsbecauseinasensebothstylisticandaffectivemeaningarerevealedbymeansofcollocations.A.conceptualmeaningB.grammaticalmeaningC.lexicalmeaningD.collocativemeaning68.Insomeidioms,aconstituentmaybereplacedbyawordofthesamepartof______,resultinginsynonymousorantonymousidioms.69.HowdoyouaccountfortheroleofnativewordsinEnglishinrelationtoloan-words?70.Whichofthefollowingisnotoneofthemeaningsof"wordmeaning"?______A.Reference.B.Concept.C.Sense.D.Pronunciation.71.translation-loans72.Whichofthefollowingitemsisthefeatureofpocketdictionaries?______A.Havingabout150000entriesorfewer.B.Providingonlythespellingandpronunciationofeachwordwithafewmostcommonmeanings.C.Expensivebuteasytocarry.D.BandC.73."AIDS"isa(n)______.A.initialismB.acronymC.compoundD.derivative74.Thereis/are______monomorphemicword(s)inthefollowingwords:hot,dog,feet,matches.A.1B.2C.3D.475.Antonymscanbeclassifiedintothefollowingtypesexcept______.A.contradictorytermsB.absolutetermsC.contrarytermsD.relativeterms第1卷参考答案一.历年考点试题黑钻版1.参考答案：D[解析]现在有许多种结构方式，如词缀法(affixation)、复合法(compounding)、转类法(conversion)、拼缀法(blending)、截短法(dipping)等。其中，用词缀法构词又叫派生词(derivation)，是最多产的构词方式。答案为D。2.参考答案：D[解析]词的意义包括三方面的内容：所指(reference、概念(concept)和语义(sense)。所指表示的是语言和客观世界的关系；概念则超越了语言本身，是人类认知的结果，是客观世界在人脑中的反映；语义反映的是语言内部的关系。3.参考答案：Homonymsaregenerallydefinedaswordsdifferentinmeaningbuteitheridenticalbothinsoundandspellingoridenticalonlyinsoundorspelling.4.参考答案：D[解析]Ministeroriginallymeant"servant"andnowmeans"headofaministry".minister一词的原义是“仆人”而现义是“部长、大臣”。答案为D。5.参考答案：meaning[解析]反义词对中意义更具体的那个词经常被意义更广泛的所包含，前者被称为标记词markedterm，后者为unmarkedterm。如Howtallishisbrother?包含了Howshortishisbrother?而反之，则不能成立，即反义词对tall/short中，tall为unmarkedterm，short为markedterm，前者意思包含了后者。答案为meaning。6.参考答案：Semanticmotivationreferstothementalassociationssuggestedbytheconceptualmeaningofaword.Itexplainstheconnectionbetweentheliteralsenseandfigurativesenseoftheword.7.参考答案：B[解析]词缀法可以定义为通过给词干加构词词缀或派生词缀构成新词的一种构词方法。用这种方法构词叫派生构词。答案为B。8.参考答案：degradation[解析]不同阶级态度影响了词义的升格或什么?Theattitudesofclasseshavealsomadeinroadsintolexicalmeaninginthecaseofelevationordegradation.答案为degradation。9.参考答案：D[解析]Withthedevelopmentofthelanguage,moreandmoredifferencesoccurbetweenthesoundandform.TheinternalreasonforthisisthattheEnglishalphabetwasadoptedfromtheRomans．随着语言发展，声音和形式之间的差异越来越大。产生这一差异的内在原因是英语拼写采用了罗马字母。答案为D。10.参考答案：Morphologicalmotivationconcernsthewordswhosemorphologicalstructuressuggesttheirmeaning,forgenerallyspeaking,themeaningofaderivedwordoracompoundisbasedonthemeaningsoftheword-buildingelements.11.参考答案：A现代朗文词典的特点是：清晰的语法规则、用法及语言注释。12.参考答案：free[解析]自由词素与根词一致，因为根词就是由单个的自由词素构成的，如man，earth，wind，car，anger等。答案为free。13.参考答案：D一般来说，词的“意义”的意义就是指的“语义”(sense)，它和所指(reference)不同。“sense”指的是语言内部的关系。一个表达的语义就是其在一门语言中，在它和其他表达所形成的语义关系系统中所处的位置。14.参考答案：functional[解析]题干译文：转化词的选择也就是它的什么变化?Sincethewordsdonotchangeinmorphologicalstructurebutinfunction，thisprocessisalsoknownasfunctionalshift．答案为functional。15.参考答案：Theappropriateantonymforacuteinthesentence"Shegotanacutepaininherback"isdull.16.参考答案：A题目中“miaow”，“tick-tuck”，“ping-pong”等词都是通过模仿自然莽中的声音而产生的，它们的发膏可以表示出其意义，因此它们都是拟声理据(onomatopoeicallymotivated)词。17.参考答案：B[解析]Thechangeofmeaningmaybecausedbyinternalfactorswithinthelanguagesystem.Onetypeofsuchchangeoccurswhenaphraseisshortenedtoonewordwhichremainsthemeaningofthewhole.Theinfluxofborrowingshascausedsomewordstochangeinmeaning.Finally,thechangeofmeaningisbroughtaboutbyanalogy.语言系统的内部因素可以引起语义的变化。譬如一个词组缩成一个词，但仍表达词组的全部意义。大量借词的涌入也引起了一些词的意义变化。最后，类比也产生了词义的变化。答案为B。18.参考答案：Conversionistheformationofnewwordsbyconvertingwordsofoneclasstoanotherclass.19.参考答案：content[解析]词的形式和什么总是处于变化之中，是语言最不稳定的因素?Vocabularyisthemostunstableelementofalanguageasitisundergoingconstantchangesbothinformandcontent.答案为content。20.参考答案：D[解析]Thegeneralwordsarethesuperordinatetermsandthemorespecificonesarethesubordinateterms．一般词是上义词，而更为具体的词是下义词。答案为D。21.参考答案：A[解析]题干译文：莎士比亚的作品比当代作品难理解的原因是什么?莎士比亚的作品比今天的文章更难懂得多，因为他使用的词义与今天词典里给出的词义有所不同。答案为A。22.参考答案：C[解析]Jargonreferstothespecializedvocabulariesbywhichmembersofparticulararts,sciences,tradesandprofessionscommunicateamongthemselves．行话是流行于艺术、科学、商业和其他职业内部的专有词汇。答案为C。23.参考答案：D[解析]语言中的词汇可以按语义关系划分语义场。人们普遍认为语义场是语义关系的有机组成部分。24.参考答案：A25.参考答案：Anounwhichisfullyconvertedfromanadjectivehasallthecharacteristicsofnouns.Nounswhicharepartiallyconvertedfromadjectivesdon'tpossessallthequalitiesthatanoundoes.Forexamples:partialconversion,thepoor;fullconversion,awhite.26.参考答案：bound27.参考答案：B[解析]spendmoneylikewater意为“挥金如土”，把花钱形容成流水，是运用了明喻，即simile。答案为B。28.参考答案：Associativemeaningisthesecondarymeaningsupplementedtotheconceptualmeaningandisopen-endedandindeterminate,liabletotheinfluenceofsuchfactorsasculture,experience,religion,geographicalregion,classbackground,education,etc.29.参考答案：D30.参考答案：primary[解析]当一个词刚刚形成的时候，它只有一个意思。第一个意思即为这个词的什么意义?即首要意义。答案为primary。31.参考答案：Compoundingistheformationofnewwordsbyjoiningtwoormorestems.Acompoundisa"lexicalunitconsistingofmorethanonestemandfunctioningbothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyasasingleword"(Quirketal1985).32.参考答案：A[解析]习语的文体特征包括“正式的、非正式的、口语体、俚语”等，选项A意为“刻板文体”，不在此行列中。答案为A。33.参考答案：A[解析]Successinitsearlypastjustmeant"result".success的原义仅仅是“结果”。答案为A。34.参考答案：B词典是一种按照英文字母顺序排列词序，提供词语的拼写、发音、意义、用法、语法规则甚至是词源的书籍。35.参考答案：A[解析]在英语的早期即古英语中口语和书面语形式比今天的现代英语更趋于一致。答案为A。36.参考答案：Syntheticlanguageisonelanguagethatshowstherelationofwordsinasentencelargelybymeansofinflections．37.参考答案：B[解析]迅速发展的科技孕育出大量新词，如航天科学方面：spaceshuttle(航天飞机)，moonwalk(月球行走)；医学方面：openheartsurgery(心脏直视手术)。选项B中的fastfood属于由社会、经济和政治变化带来的新词。答案为B。38.参考答案：C[解析]内涵意义是指由概念意义所暗示的言外之意或联想意义，A正确。文体意义是指词的正式程度，B正确。Affectivemeaningindicatesthespeaker'sattitudetowardsthepersonorthinginquestion．感情意义显示了言者对于正在讨论的人或事的态度，C错误。答案为C。39.参考答案：synchronic[解析]Fromasynchronicpointofview,wordscanbestudiedatapointintime,disregardingwhateverchangesmightbetakingplace.从共时角度看，可以不考虑词汇所发生的变化而专门研究某一特定时期内的词汇。答案为synchronic。40.参考答案：extra-linguistic[解析]词义变化的原因是语言因素和什么?Therearegenerallytwomajorfactorsthatcausechangesinmeaning.Oneislinguisticfactorsandtheotherisextra-linguisticfactors.答案为extra-linguistic。41.参考答案：content42.参考答案：A[解析]unlikereference,"sense"denotestherelationshipinsidethelanguage.与所指不同的是，“语义”指的是语言内部的关系。答案为A。43.参考答案：D题目中的“bigwheel”是个习语，意思是“重要的人物”，多用于口语。44.参考答案：analogy[解析]fortuitous原义为“偶尔发生的”，后来可能是通过类比获得“幸运”之义，因为该词与fortunate形式上很相似。答案为analogy。45.参考答案：C现代英语词汇的发展方式主要有以下三种：创造新词(creation)，语义变化(semanticchange)和借词(borrowing)。创造新词指的是使用英语中现存的材料，即词根(roots)、词缀(affixes)等构成新的词。语义变化指的是为了满足新的需要，一个旧的词语形式产生了新的意义。借词是指从其他语言中借取词语。46.参考答案：C47.参考答案：Conversionisgenerallyconsideredtobeaderivationalprocesswherebyanitemisadaptedorconvertedtoanewwordclasswithouttheadditionofanaffix.Hencethenamezero-derivation.48.参考答案：inflected[解析]史前的印欧原始语，有人认为是典型的什么语?TheprehistoricIndo-Europeanparentlanguageisthoughttobeahighlyinflectedlanguage．答案为inflected。49.参考答案：Polysemyisacommonfeatureofallnaturallanguages:itmeansawordhastwoormoremeanings.Perfecthomonymsarewordsidenticalbothinsoundandspelling,butdifferentinmeaning.50.参考答案：Itisacompleterecordofallthewordsinuse.Itprovidesagreatquantityofbasicinformationaboutaword.51.参考答案：B[解析]Itisobservedthatabsolutesynonymsarerareinnaturallanguages．有人注意到，绝对同义词在自然语言中是极少的。答案为B。52.参考答案：borrowed[解析]从起源上来看，英语词汇可分为本族语词和外来语词。英语本族语词是公元5世纪由日耳曼部落盎格鲁人、撒克逊人和朱特人带入英国的。又称盎格鲁-撒克逊词语。答案为borrowed。53.参考答案：C[解析]Fondoriginallymeans"foolish"andnowmeans"affectionate".fond一词的词义从“愚蠢”变为“喜爱”，可见fond一词的词义升格了。答案为C。54.参考答案：B[解析]在“contradiction”一词中，词素“-dict”必须与别的词素结合在一起才能构成词，因此判断是boundroot。粘附词根就如自由词根一样，是带有基本意义的词的组成部分。与自由词根不同的是，粘附词根是一种粘附形式，必须与别的词素结合在一起才能构成词。答案为B。55.参考答案：D56.参考答案：two[解析]Therearegenerallytwomajorfactorsthatcausechangesinmeaning.答案为two。57.参考答案：figuresofspeech58.参考答案：Acronymsarewordsformedfrominitiallettersbutpronouncedasanormalword.59.参考答案：A[解析]题干译文：哪一个语族包括4门北欧语言：挪威语、冰岛语、丹麦语和瑞典语，这4门语言统称为斯堪的纳维亚语?TheGermanicfamilyconsistsofthefourNorthernEuropeanLanguages:Norwegian,Icelandic,DanishandSwedish,whicharegenerallyknownasScandinavianlanguages.答案为A。60.参考答案：D[解析]Contextisveryimportantfortheunderstandingofword-meaningbecausethemeaningisinfluencedimmediatelybythelinguisticcontext,formeaninglivesincontextandthecontextdefinesmeaning.可以看出context既解释，又界定语义。答案为D。61.参考答案：B62.参考答案：B[解析]Monolingualdictionariesarewritteninonelanguage.单语词典是以一种语言编写的词典。答案为B。63.参考答案：B截短法(clipping)是指把一个词的一部分截去，而只用剩余的部分的方法。例如dorm(dormitory)，gent(gentleman)，zoo(zoologicalgarden)等。题目中的“motel”是从两个词中各取一部分拼缀在一起构成的词，使用的方法是拼缀法(blending)，即“motel=motor+hotel”。64.参考答案：Grammaticalmeaningreferstothatpartofthemeaningofthewordwhichindicatesgrammaticalconceptorrelationshipssuchaspartofspeechofwords,singularandpluralmeaningsofnouns