UnitGlobalwarming（悦享）《悦读教材》英语一轮复习（人教六）

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精=1\*ROMANI。阅读理解Passage1（2017·江苏卷）体裁话题词数难度建议时间说明文全球变暖创造性适应方法689★★★☆☆7分钟OldProblem，NewApproaches Whilecleanenergyisincreasinglyusedinourdailylife，globalwarmingwillcontinueforsomedecadesafterCO2emissions（排放)peak.Soevenifemissionsweretobegintodecreasetoday，wewouldstillfacethechallengeofadaptingtoclimatechange。HereIwillstresssomesmarterandmorecreativeexamplesofclimateadaptation。 Whenitcomestoadaptation，itisimportanttounderstandthatclimatechangeisaprocess。Wearethereforenottalkingaboutadaptingtoanewstandard，buttoaconstantlyshiftingsetofconditions.Thisiswhy,inpartatleast,theUSNationalClimateAssessmentsaysthat:”Thereisno‘one-sizefitsall’adaptation。”Nevertheless，therearesomeactionsthatoffermuchandcarrylittleriskorcost。 Aroundtheworld，peopleareadaptinginsurprisingways,especiallyinsomepoorcountries。FloodshavebecomemoredamaginginBangladeshinrecentdecades.MohammedRezwansawopportunitywhereotherssawonlydisaster。Hisnot-for—profitorganizationruns100riverboatsthatserveasfloatinglibraries，schools，andhealthclinics，andareequippedwithsolarpanelsandothercommunicatingfacilities.Rezwaniscreatingfloatingconnectivity(连接)toreplacefloodedroadsandhighways。Butheisalsoworkingatafarmorefundamentallevel：hisstaffshowpeoplehowtomakefloatinggardensandfishpondstopreventstarvationduringthewetseason. ElsewhereinAsiaevenmoreastonishingactionsarebeingtaken.ChewangNorphellivesinamountainousregioninIndia，whereheisknownastheIceMan.Thelossofglaciers(冰川）thereduetoglobalwarmingrepresentsanenormousthreattoagriculture.Withouttheglaciers，waterwillarriveintheriversattimeswhenitcandamagecrops.Norphel’sinspirationcamefromseeingthewasteofwateroverwinter，whenitwasnotneeded.Hedirectedthewastedwaterintoshallowbasinswhereitfroze,andwasstoreduntilthespring。Hisfieldsoficesupplyperfectlytimedirrigation（灌溉)water。Havingcreatedninesuchicereserves，Norphelcalculatesthathehasstoredabout200，000m3ofwater.Climatechangeisacontinuingprocess，soNorphel’sicereserveswillnotlastforever。Warmingwillovertakethem。Butheisprovidingafewyearsduringwhichthefarmerswill，perhaps，beabletofindothermeansofadapting。 IncreasingEarth’sreflectivenesscancooltheplanet.InsouthernSpainthesuddenincreaseofgreenhouses（whichreflectlightbacktospace）haschangedthewarmingtrendlocally，andactuallycooledtheregion.WhileSpainasawholeisheatingupquickly，temperaturesnearthegreenhouseshavedecreased。Thisexampleshouldactasaninspirationforallcities.Bypaintingbuildingswhite，citiesmayslowdownthewarmingprocess. InPeru,localfarmersaroundamountainwithaglacierthathasalreadyfallenvictimtoclimatechangehavebegunpaintingtheentiremountainpeakwhiteinthehopethattheaddedreflectivenesswillrestorethelife—givingice。Theoutcomeisstillfarfromclear.ButtheWorldBankhasincludedtheprojectonitslistof"100ideastosavetheplanet”. Moreordinaryformsofadaptationarehappeningeverywhere.AfriendofmineownsanareaoflandinwesternVictoria.Overfivegenerationsthelandhasbeentoowetforcropping.Butduringthepastdecadedecliningrainfallhasallowedhimtoplanthighlyprofitablecrops.Farmersinmanycountriesarealsoadaptinglikethis—eitherbygrowingnewproduce,orbygrowingthesamethingsdifferently.Thisiscommonsense.Butsomesuggestionsforadaptingarenot。Whenthepollutingindustriesarguethatwe’velostthebattletocontrolcarbonpollutionandhavenochoicebuttoadapt，it'sanonsensedesignedtomakethecaseforbusinessasusual。 Humanbeingswillcontinuetoadapttothechangingclimateinbothordinaryandastonishingways.Butthemostsensibleformofadaptationissurelytoadaptourenergysystemstoemitlesscarbonpollution。Afterall，ifweadaptinthatway，wemayavoidtheneedtochangeinsomanyothers。65.TheunderlinedpartinParagraph2implies。 A.adaptationisanever—changingprocess B.thecostofadaptationvarieswithtime C.globalwarmingaffectsadaptationforms D.adaptationtoclimatechangeischallenging66.WhatisspecialwithregardtoRezwan’sproject? A.Theprojectreceivesgovernmentsupport. B。Differentorganizationsworkwitheachother。 C.Hisorganizationmakesthebestofabadsituation. D。Theprojectconnectsfloodedroadsandhighways.67.WhatdidtheIceMandotoreducetheeffectofglobalwarming? A。Storingiceforfutureuse. B.Protectingtheglaciersfrommelting. C.Changingtheirrigationtime. D。Postponingthemeltingoftheglaciers.68。WhatdowelearnfromthePeruexample？ A.Whitepaintisusuallysafeforbuildings. B.Theglobalwarmingtrendcannotbestopped。 C。Thiscountryisheatinguptooquickly. D。Sunlightreflectionmayrelieveglobalwarming.69.Accordingtotheauthor,pollutingindustriesshould. A.adapttocarbonpollution B.planthighlyprofitablecrops C.leavecarbonemissionalone D。fightagainstcarbonpollution70．What'stheauthor’spreferredsolutiontoglobalwarming? A。Settingupanewstandard。 B.Reducingcarbonemission. C。Adaptingtoclimatechange。 D。Monitoringpollutingindustries。 【话题解读】尽管清洁能源在如今的生活中被越来越多地使用，全球变暖仍将在未来的几十年中继续.面对这个问题，人们想出了不同的创造性的方法来适应它。66。C【解析】考查细节理解.根据第三段首句可知,世界范围内尤其是一些贫穷地区的人们使用了令人意想不到的方法去适应环境的改变，化劣势为优势，再结合下文的内容可知，Rezwan就是这么做的，故答案为C。67.A【解析】考查细节理解。由第四段中的"..。Hedirectedthewastedwaterintoshallowbasinswhereitfroze，andwasstoreduntilthespring..。”可知，他把水引入盆地，水在那里结冰并被存储到春天使用，故A正确。68.D【解析】考查细节理解。根据第六段的内容可知，在秘鲁当地的农民会把整个山峰涂成白色来增强对阳光的反射，希望借此来保护冰不被融化，再结合第五段的内容可知，反射太阳光可能会减轻全球变暖,故D 项正确.70。B【解析】考查细节理解.根据最后一段第二句”Butthemostsensibleformofadaptationissurelytoadaptourenergysystemstoemitlesscarbonpollution"可知，作者认为最明智的应对全球变暖的方法是减少碳排放，故B正确。Passage2(2016·江苏卷）体裁话题词数难度建议时间说明文厄尔尼诺现象给全球带来了巨大的影响413★★★☆☆6分钟ElNiño,aSpanishtermfor"theChristchild，"wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermenwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern，whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears，reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas。ElNiñoseeswarmwater，collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific，flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken,orsometimestheotherwayround.z＊xxk Theweathereffects，bothgoodandbad,arefeltinmanyplaces。RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNiños,onbalance，thantheylose。AstudyfoundthatastrongNiñoin1997—98helpedAmerica’seconomygrowby＄15billion，partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvests:farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagriculturalincomesinrichcountriesisgreaterthanthefallinpoorones. ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.Amulti—yeardrought（干旱）insouth-eastBrazilisbecomingworse.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNiñomayrelievethedroughtinCalifornia，theyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters。 ThemostrecentpowerfulNiño，in1997—98，killedaround21,000peopleandcauseddamageworth$36billionaroundtheglobe.ButsuchNiñoscomewithmonthsofwarning，andsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanprepare。AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI)，however，just12%ofdisaster—relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance，ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.Thisisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonrisk-reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction. Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure(基础设施）canreducethespreadofdisease.Bettersewers(下水道）makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbadstomach.Strongerbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineafterfloods。Accordingtoapaperin2011byMrHsiangandco—authors,civilconflictisrelatedtoElNiño’sharmfuleffects—andthepoorerthecountry,thestrongerthelink。Thoughtherelationshipmaynotbecausal，helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetheriskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingpeople.SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNiño,reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority。61。WhatcanwelearnaboutElNiñoinParagraph1？ A。ItisnamedafteraSouthAmericanfisherman。 B.Ittakesplacealmosteveryyearallovertheworld。 C。ItforcesfishermentostopcatchingfisharoundChristmas. D。Itseesthechangesofwaterflowdirectionintheocean.62。WhatmayElNiñosbringabouttothecountriesaffected？ A。Agriculturalharvestsinrichcountriesfall. B。Droughtsbecomemoreharmfulthanfloods. C.Richcountries’gainsaregreaterthantheirlosses. D.Poorcountriessufferlessfromdroughtseconomically.63。ThedataprovidedbyODIinParagraph4suggestthat. A.moreinvestmentshouldgotoriskreduction B。governmentsofpoorcountriesneedmoreaid C。victimsofElNiñodeservemorecompensation D.recoveryandreconstructionshouldcomefirst64。Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage？ A.TointroduceElNiñoanditsorigin. B.ToexplaintheconsequencesofElNiño。 C。ToshowwaysoffightingagainstElNiño。 D。TourgepeopletoprepareforElNiño. 【语篇解读】厄尔尼诺现象的发生给全球带来了巨大的影响，作者通过具体的数据呼吁人们做好防范和准备工作。63.A【解析】考查推理判断。根据文中的”however，just12％ofdisaster—relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshas goneonreducingrisksinadvance"与"Thisisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonrisk—reductionsavesat leasttwoonreconstruction"可知，这些数据说明了减少风险的投入太少，政府应该加大这方面的投入，因此答案为A。64.D【解析】考查写作意图。根据最后一段中的”SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNiño，reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority”可知，作者通过此文呼吁人们为厄尔尼诺现象提前做准备，因此D项正确.Passage3(2016·上海卷）体裁话题词数难度建议时间说明文减少温室气体排放的目标和做法262★★★☆☆6分钟Istherelinkbetweenhumansandclimatechangeornot?Thisquestionwasfirststudiedintheearly1900s。Sincethen,manyscientistshavethoughtthatouractionsdomakeadifference。In1997,theKyotoProtocolexplainedourroleintheEarth’schangingatmosphereandsetinternationallimitsforgasemissions(排放）from2008to2012。Somecountrieshavedecidedtocontinuethesereductionsuntil2020.Morerecently,theParisAgreement,stuckbynearly200countries，alsoaimstolimitglobalwarming.Butjustnowhowmuchwarmeritwillgetdependsonhowdeeplycountriescutcarbonemissions.3。5℃Thisishowmuchtemperatureswouldriseby2100evenifnationsliveuptotheinitialParispromisestoreducecarbonemissions;thisrisecouldstillputcoastalcitiesunderwateranddriveoverhalfofallspeciestoextinction.2℃Tomeetthisminimumgoal,theAgreementrequirescountriestotightenemissionstargetseveryfiveyears.Eventhisincreasecouldsinksomeislands，worsedrought(干旱）anddriveadeclineofuptoathirdinthenumberofspecies。1。5℃ThisisthemostambitiousgoalfortemperaturerisesetbytheParisAgreement，afterapushbylow-lyingislandnationslikeKiribati，whichsaylimitingtemperatureriseto1。5℃couldsavethemfromsinking.0。8℃Thisishowmuchtemperatureshaverisensincetheindustrialagebegan,puttingus40％ofthewaytothe2℃point。70.Itcanbeconcludedfromparagraph1that_______。A.theproblemofglobalwarmingwillhavebeenquitesolvedby2020B。gasemissionshavebeeneffectivelyreducedindevelopedcountriesC。theParisAgreementsismoreinfluentialthantheKyotoProtocolD.humanshavemadecontinuouseffortstoslowdownglobalwarming71.IfnationscouldonlykeeptheinitialpromisesoftheParisAgreement,whatwouldhappenbytheyear2100？A。Thehumanpopulationwouldincreasebyonethird。B。Littleover50％ofallspecieswouldstillexist.C.Nationswouldnotneedtotightentheiremissionstargets。D.TheAgreement'sminimumgoalwouldnotbereached.72。Ifthoseislandnationsnotfarabovesealevelaretosurvive,themaximumtemperaturerise，sincethestartoftheindustrialage,shouldbe_______.A.0。8℃ B。1.5℃ C。2℃ D.3。5℃【话题解读】本文介绍了人们一直努力减少温室气体的排放，并设立了到2100年我们应该达成的目标以及达成目标要符合的条件。71.D推理判断题.根据文章第二段Thisishowmuchtemperatureswouldriseby2100evenifnationsliveuptotheinitialParispromisestoreducecarbonemissions…可知如果各国的气体排放能够符合巴黎协议的要求,到2100年气温会比现在高三度。而根据第三段中的Tomeetthisminimumgoal可知最小的目标是上升两度。也就是说即使各国的气体排放能够符合巴黎协议的要求,也达不到最小的目标.故D正确。72。B细节理解题。根据第四段中的ThisisthemostambitiousgoalfortemperaturerisesetbytheParisAgreement，afterapushbylow-ly