中考英语阅读理解4类文体12篇真题考前强化练习

PAGEPAGE4阅读理解01命题趋势考标导向化1.命题原则(1)考查学生在阅读中准确捕获信息的能力。这就要求考生通过阅读短文，运用自己所学的语法、词组、短语等方面的语言知识，根据自己的理解，掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和情节，迅速找出题目后面的正确选项。(2)要求学生既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念；既理解文章的表层意思，也理解文章的深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等“弦外之音”。(3)要求学生既理解某句、某段的意义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断。(4)要求学生既能根据材料提供的信息去理解，也能结合自己应有的常识去理解。2.试题特点阅读理解题要求学生根据材料的内容从四个(或三个)选项中选出最佳答案，主要考查学生的语篇阅读能力、分析能力和判断能力，是一种综合性很强的题型。3.阅读材料的选取特点(1)阅读文章不少于两篇，一般是三至四篇，分值不少于30分，一般是30-40分，是中考试题中的重头戏。(2)题材广泛，涉及科普、社会、政治、经济、文化、历史、习俗、故事等各个方面。答案一般可以直接在文章中找到，有的虽不能直接在文章中找到，但文章中有它们的同义形式或通过某些暗示及关键信息都可推测出。(3)体裁多样，包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文。近年来的中考英语阅读理解多选用一些富有鲜明时代特征、实用性强的语言材料作为试题的素材，如报刊文章、使用说明书、招贴告示、广告以及各类图表等。选用这些材料不仅能提高测试的真实性，还能通过展示目标语言在现实生活中的真实运用来激发学生的学习动力。预计2015年中考会加大对学生阅读理解能力的考查，阅读材料的体裁会更加全面，包含常见的各种文体，题材会呈现多样化，更加丰富多彩，贴近生活和社会话题，为学生所感兴趣；在题设方面会加大对考生理解能力和推测能力的考查。02方法归纳能力提升化1.阅读全文，捕捉信息。阅读理解的主旨是要求考生仔细阅读全文，掌握其大意，了解作者的观点和写作意图，故事的起因、时间、地点以及结局。考生必须在有限的时间内迅速抓住文章的要点，读懂全文。2.注意首句，抓住中心。俗话说“眼睛是心灵的窗户”，那么一篇文章的眼睛应是题目，而中考阅读是不给文章题目的。这给考生快速了解全文的中心增加了难度，在这种情况下，考生应特别注意首段和每一自然段的首句以及结尾句。这样一来就抓住了中心，为正确答题打下了良好的基础。3.优选排除，确定答案。阅读理解题备选答案有三个是干扰项。我们可先排除语法、词法上明显有错误的选项，再排除与短文内容不符的选项，剩下的就是应选答案了，在这个过程中要仔细鉴别，对比各选项的区别。4.复读全文，检查答案。考生应把短文中考查的信息归纳一遍，再次阅读，检查答案，看看是否前后一致，是否符合逻辑推理，有错及时纠正。03整合集训反馈层级化▲记叙篇A(2014·十堰)FrommyfatherIhavelearnedalot.AndI’mverythankfultohim.IrememberwhenIwasachildmyfatheralwaysgotupveryearly，quietlyputtingonhisclothesandgoingofftowork.Toarriveintimetoopenhistinystoreat8:30，heneededtoleaveourapartmentat6:30.Afterall，hehadtotakeabusandthenthesubway.Thelastjourneywasalongwalkthroughaneighborhoodmuchofwhichwasfullofthesmellofrubbish.Ilearned:Itisveryimportanttowork.Noexcuse.WhenIwas12，Iwould，onsomeSaturdays，gotomyfather’sstoretohelpout.Afterhelpingsetuptheoutsideclothingdisplay，fortherestoftheday，I’dwatchtomakesurenoonestoleanything.WhenInoticedsomeonelookingunusualorstrange，Iwouldlookthepersonintheeye，smileandsay，“MayIhelpyou?”Usuallythatworked，butsometimes，someonewouldrunoffwithsomething.Thefirsttime，Iranafterthethiefbutmyfathershouted，“Martin，stop!Thereisnoneedtodothat.”It’struethatsafetyismoreimportantthanmoney.After10yearsofhardwork，hesavedupenoughmoneytobuyhisfirstcar，acheapone—hewouldn’tbuyoneuntilhecouldaffordtopayforitwithoutborrowingmoney.Ilearned:Buyonlywhatyoucanafford.Buyingnecessaryfoodandclothingwon’tmakeusgoindebt(债务).Theunnecessarythingswon’tgiveushappiness，whichcomesfromachievementonly.()1.Whatshopdidtheauthor’sfatherown?A.Abookshop.B.Acoffeeshop.C.Aclothingshop.D.Afoodshop.()2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Theauthorranafterthievesmanytimes.B.Theauthorthankedhisfatheralot.C.Theauthor’sfatherworkedveryhard.D.Theauthor’sfathermadesomemoney.()3.AllthefollowingaretalkedaboutinthepassageEXCEPT________.A.theimportanceofworkingB.thegoodwaystokeephealthyC.thesafetycomesbeforemoneyD.thatit’sbadtospendmorethanyoumake()4.Accordingtotheauthor，whatusuallymakespeoplegoindebt?A.Torentahouseforthefamily.B.Tosendtheirchildrentoschool.C.Toenjoysomethingunnecessary.D.tobuyenoughfoodforthefamily.()5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Howtoliveahappylife.B.Whatmakesapersonsuccessful.C.Thehelptheauthorgotfromhisfather.D.Whattheauthorlearnedfromhisfather.B(2014·河南)Oncetherewasamantravelinginafarawayvillage.Ashewaspassingtheelephants，hesuddenlystopped.Hefoundthatthesehugeelephantswerebeingheldbyonlyasmallropetiedtotheirfrontleg.Nochains(锁链)，nocages.Itwasclearthattheelephantscould，atanytime，breakawayfromtheirropesbutforsomereason，theydidnot.Hesawatrainernearbyandaskedwhytheseanimalsjuststoodthereanddidn’ttrytogetaway.“Well，”thetrainersaid，“whentheyareveryyoungandmuchsmallerweusethesamesizeropetotiethemand，atthatage，it’senoughtoholdthem.Astheygrowup，theystillbelievetheycannotbreakaway.Theybelievetheropecanholdthem，sotheynevertrytobreakfree.”Howcoulditbe?Theseanimalscouldatanytimebreakfreefromtheirropes.Butbecausetheywerealwaysstuckrightwheretheywere，theybelievedtheycouldn’t.Justliketheelephants，howmanyofusgothroughlifebelievingthatwecannotdosomething，justbecausewefailedatitoncebefore?_______.Weshouldnevergiveupthestruggleinlife.()1.Whatdidthewriterseeinthevillage?A.Chains.B.Elephants.C.Cages.D.Farmers.()2.Whydotheelephantsnevertrytobreakfreefromtheropes?A.Becausetheythinktheycannot.B.Becausetheyaretoooldtodoit.C.Becausetheyliketheirlivingplaces.D.Becausetheygetonwellwiththetrainer.()3.Howdidthemanfeelafterheheardwhatthetrainersaid?A.Moved.B.Surprised.C.Angry.D.Nervous.()4.Whichofthefollowingisthemissingpartinthelastparagraph?A.Failingispartoflearning.B.Weshouldbedifferentfromothers.C.Helpinganimalsishelpingourselves.D.Travelingalwaysmakespeoplerelaxed.()5.Whatisthebesttitleforthistext?A.APleasantTrip.B.ACruelTrainer.C.ElephantTraining.D.TheElephantRope.C(2014·东营)Pennywasafive-year-oldgirl.Onedaywhensheandhermotherwereinadepartmentstore，Pennysawaplasticpearlnecklace(珍珠项链).Whatabeautifulnecklace!Shewanteditverymuch，soshebegged(乞求)hermothertobuyitforher.Themothersaid，“Well，Icanbuyyouthenecklace，butwhenwegethome，weshoulddiscusswhatyoucandotopayforit.Canwedothat?”Pennyagreedwithmuchhappiness，andshegotthenecklace.HowmuchPennylovedthenecklace!Sheworeiteverywhereandeveryminute.Pennyalsodidpart-timejobstomakepocketmoney.Sheworkedveryhard.Soonshesucceededinpayingoffthepriceforthenecklace.Penny’sdaddyknewhowshetriedherbesttogetthenecklace.HealsoknewhowmuchPennycaredaboutit.Onenight，heaskedPennyifsheloved()5.Thepassageiswrittento________.A.showyouhowcomputerworksB.introduceaFrenchDigitalKitchenC.teachyouhowtocookFrenchfoodD.tellyoutheimportanceoflanguagelearningC(2014·宁波)ThesmallMiddleEasternnationofQatar(卡塔尔)hasasoccerteam，butithasneverplayedinsoccer’sgreatesttournament，theWorldCup.However，somethingamazingwillhappenin2022andatthattimeQatarwillbecomethefirstnationintheMiddleEasttohostthemen’sSoccerWorldCupgames.Somefanswereconfusedaboutthischoice.Wherewilltheathletescompete?Qatardoesn’thaveanystadiums(体育场)builtyet.Also，theweatherinQatargetsextremelyhotinsummer.However，Qatarhasplanstofixthoseproblems.Thecountryhasannouncedplanstobuildenoughstadiumsforthetournament.Tokeepeveryonecool，eachstadiumwillhavesolar-powered(太阳能)air-conditioning.Qatarisalsobuildinganewairportandtrainsystem.Becausethestadiumswillbesoclosetogetherandconnectedbytrains，fanswillbeabletowatchtwogamesinoneday.Qatarhasbigplansforitsnewstadiums.GameofficialssaythataftertheWorldCup，theywilltakethestadiumsdown.Thestadiumswillbetakenapartandsenttocountriesthatdon’thaveenoughmoneytobuildstadiums.QatarisveryhappytobethefirstMiddleEasternnationtohostthetournament.Thecountry’sEmir(穆斯林国家统治者)saidtotheWorldCuporganization，“Thankyouforbelievinginchange...ThankyouforgivingQatarachance.”()1.WhyisitsoamazingthatQatarwillhosttheWorldCup?A.BecauseQatarB.BecauseQatarhasveryfewsoccerfans.C.BecausesoccerisnotplayedintheMiddleEast.D.BecauseQatarhasneverplayedintheWorldCup.()2.WhatisoneproblemthatQatarwillhavetoface?A.Theirteamisnotgoodenoughtocompete.B.Itisvery，veryhotinQatarinsummer.C.Qatar’sstadiumsareveryfarapart.D.ThereisalotofpollutioninQatar.()3.HowdidsomesoccerfansfeelaboutthedecisionofhostingtheWorldCupin2022?A.Theythoughtitwasstrange.B.Theydidnotcare.C.Theywereverydisappointed.D.Theywereverysad.()4.WhatwillhappentothestadiumsaftertheWorldCupinQatar?A.TheywillbeusedbytheQatarsoccerteam.B.Theywillbeusedtohostmusicalconcerts.C.Theywillbegiventoothercountries.D.Theywillbesoldtofansassouvenirs.()5.Whatcanweinfer(推断)fromthearticle?A.ThetournamentwasmovedfromJapantoQatar.B.Qatarisarichcountry.C.Therulesofsoccerwillbechangedin2022.D.SocceristhemostpopularsportinQatar.▲议论篇A(2014·德州)Ifyouwanttoseeathingwell，touchingcanhelpyouto“see”itbetter.Youreyescantellyouthataglassballisround.Butbyholdingitinyourhands，youcanfeelhowsmoothandcooltheballis.Youcanfeelhowheavytheglassballis.Whenyoulearnalltheseabouttheball，youreallyseeitwell.Withyourskin，youcanfeelbetter.Forexample，yourfingerscantellthedifferencebetweentwodifferentcoinsinyourpocket.Youcanfeelalittledropofwateronthebackofyourhand，too.Youcanevenfeelsoundsagainstyourskin.Haveyoueverwantedtoknowwhysomepeoplelikeveryloudmusic?Theymustliketofeelthesoundsofmusic.Allchildrensoonlearnwhat“Don’ttouch!”means.Theyhearitoften.Yetmostofuskeepontouchingthingsaswegrowup.Inshops，wetouchthingsthatwemightbuy.Toseesomethingwell，wehavetotouchit.Thebottomsofourfeetcanfeelthings，too.Youknowthiswhenyouwalkonwarmsand，coolgrassorahardfloor.Allfeeldifferentunderyourfeet.Mostmuseumsarejustforlooking.Buttodaysomemuseumshavesomethingstotouch.Theirsignssay，“Dotouch!”Thereyoucanfeeleverythingonshow.Therearewaysoflearningtoseewellbyfeeling.Onewayistocloseyoureyesandtrytofeeleverythingthatistouchingyourskin.Feeltheshoesonyourfeet，theclothesonyourbody，theaironyourskin.Ifyouwanttoseebetter，reachoutandtouchit.Thenyouwillreallysee!()1.Theunderlinedword“these”inParagraph2refersto(指代)_________.A.aglassballisroundB.aglassballissmoothandcoolC.aglassballissmooth，coolandheavyD.aglassballisround，smooth，coolandheavy()2.FromParagraph(段落)4and5，wecanknowthat______.A.wehavetotouchsomethinginordertoseeitwellB.wenevertouchthingsthatwemightbuyinshopsC.thebottomsofourfeetcan’tfeelcoolgrassD.wecansee“Dotouch!”inallmuseums()3.Bytouchingthings，youcan_______.A.haveastrangefeelingB.knowhowtoreachoutyourhandC.learnmoreaboutthemD.tellwhatcolorstheyreallyare()4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Touchingishelpingustoseebetter.B.Ourskinmayhelpusenjoymusic.C.Peopledon’thavetolearntofeel.D.Mostpeopletouchthingstoseethemwell.()5.________canbethebesttitleofthepassage.A.FeelingbySeeingB.ToSeeortoFeelC.WaysofTouchingD.ToSeeBetter-TouchB(2014·宜宾)Momstakecareoftheirchildrenanddadsbringhomefoodandmakefamilyrules.Thesearetherolesmomsanddadsfallintowhentheybecomeparentsandit’scommonamongallcultures.Buttimeschangeandparents’rolesseemtobechanging，too.Morewomenarebringinghomefoodbyhavingfull-timejobsandmenaretakingcareofchildrenathome.TheChineseTVshowWhereAreWeGoing，Dad?providesacloserlookatthechangingrolesofdadsinmodernfamilylife.Theshowfollowstheadventures(冒险经历)offivecelebrity(明星)dadswhotaketripswiththeiryoungchildren(aged4to6)andtrytocompleteasetoftasks.Itshowshowyoungdadsaretryinghardtofindthebestwaytoraisetheirchildrenandkeepacloserrelationshipwiththem.Youngdadsnolongerwanttobecold.Psychologists(心理学家)saythatastrongfatherlyinfluenceisimportantinachild’sdevelopment.Fathersteachtheirchildrenskillsandencouragethemtotrynewthings.Theyalsogivethemasenseofsafety.Achildlearnsthatifsomethinggoeswrong，heorshecandependondadtohelpfixit.Thepsychologistsalsosaythatwithoutadad，achildismorepossibletodropoutofschoolandgetintotrouble.Amother’sloveisimportant，andsoisafather’slove.ChenMo，apsychologyprofessorsays，“Ittakesbothparentstoraiseachild.Childrenhavedifferentneedsatdifferentagesandthisneedstobeconsideredbybothparents.”()1.Whatarethecommonrulesofmomsanddadsinallcultures?A.Momstakecareoftheirchildrenanddadsbringhomefoodandmakefamilyrules.B.Momsbringhomefoodbyhavingfull-timejobsanddadstakecareoftheirchildrenathome.C.Bothparentstakecareoftheirchildrenathome.D.Bothparentsgoouttowork，whiletheirgrandparentstakecareoftheirchildrenathome.()2.Whataretheyoungdadstryingtodointheshow?A.Theyaretryinghardtofindthebestwaytoraisetheirchildrenandkeepacloserrelationshipwiththem.B.Theyaretryingtocompleteasetoftaskswiththeirkids.Theyarealsotryinghardtofindthebestwaytoraisetheirchildrenandkeepacloserrelationshipwiththem.C.Theyaretryingtomakemoremoney.D.Theyaretryingtobecoldtotheirchildren.()3.Whyisastrongfatherlyinfluenceimportantinachild’sdevelopment?A.Fathersteachtheirchildrenskillsandencouragethemtotrynewthings.Theyalsogivethemasenseofsafety.B.Ifsomethinggoeswrong，achildcandependondadtohelpfixit.C.Withadad，achildcandobetterinschoolwork.D.Withoutadad，achildismorepossibletodropoutofschoolandgetintotrouble.()4.Whatismorepossibletodowithoutadad?A.Stayoutlate.B.Getintotroubleanddobadlyinschoolwork.C.Dropoutofschool.D.Dropoutofschoolandgetintotrouble.()5.Whydoesittakebothparentstoraiseachild?A.Achildfeelssaferwithbothparents.B.Achildfeelshappierwithbothparents.C.Bothparentsneedtoconsiderthatchildrenhavedifferentneedsatdifferentages.D.Itisboththefather’sandmother’sdutytoraiseachild.C(2014·莱芜)Recently，theTVshowWhereAreWeGoing，Dad?hasbecomeoneofChina’smostpopularTVshows，attractingmorethan600millionviewerseachweek.Inthisprogram，fivecelebrityfatherstraveledtosixcountrysidelocationsacrossChina.includingsomevillagesinBeijing，Yunnan，Shandong，Hunan，HeilongjiangandadesertinNingxia.Theytookcareoftheirkidswithoutthehelpofthechildren’smothers.Atthesametime，theyalsotookpartindifferentkindsofactivitieswiththeirkidstogether，suchascooking，fishingandsellinggroceries.Whyistheshowsopopular?“Itreflects(折射)socialreality.Inbigcities，fathersarealwaysbusyearningmoneyandmakingachievementsintheircareer.Theydon’tsparemoretimefortheirkids.”saidXieDikui，generaldirectoroftheshow.Asthefatherofa3-year-olddaughter，Xiesaidthathefoundhisownheartbeingtouchedashemadeit.“Althoughthesefathersarebusy，theyareabletosparetimefortheirkids.Wecandobetterthanthem.”ThisalsohappensinsomeruralareasinChina.Moreandmoremenfromruralareasarenowworkinginbigcities，leavingtheirkidsathomeunderthegrandparents’care.“Ihaveasonandadaughterinmyhometown.”saidXuCanyong，a33-year-oldmanworkinginShantou，GuangdongProvince.“Theycometolivewithmeonlyduringsummerandwintervacations.Imissthemverymuch.IwanttohavethemlivewithusinShantou，butthecostoflivinghereistoohigh.”saidXu.()1.Fivecelebrityfathershaveevertraveledto______withtheirkids.A.Beijing，HunanandHeilongjiangB.Hunan，HeilongjiangandTibetC.Yunnan，NingxiaandHongKongD.Yunnan，ShandongandGansu()2.TheTVshowWhereAreWeGoing，Dad?ispopularmainlybecause________.A.thefivefathersareallfamousstarsB.therearemanybeautifulsightsinitC.XieDikuiisapopulardirectorinChinaD.itreflectstheproblemsaboutfamilyeducation()3.Theunderlinedword“This”inParagraph4refersto______.A.theTVshowWhereAreWeGoing，Dad?B.thefactthatfathershavelesstimewiththeirkidsC.thetripoffivecelebrityfatherswiththeirkidsD.therelationshipbetweenXieDikuiandhisdaughter()4.XuCanyongcan’tlivewithhistwokidsinShantoubecause______.A.hecan’taffordtolivetheretogetherB.hehasnotimetolookafterhiskidsC.ShantouistoofarfromhishometownD.hiskidsareusedtolivingwiththeirgrandparents()5.Fromthispassage，wemayinfer(推断)_______.A.fatherswillraisethekidsinsteadofmothersB.thefivecelebrityfatherswillgiveuptheirownjobsC.insomeruralareas，moreandmorekidslivewiththeirgrandparentsD.Mr.Xuoftengoesbacktohishometownduringsummerandwintervacations▲应用篇A(2014·滨州)Trip1OneWeekInTheMountainsBringyourstrongshoesandwarmclothesforthiswalkinabeautifulareaoftheGreenMountains.Youmaygohikingorhaveatryofrockclimbing.Thisisalsoaprotectionareaforwildanimals.Youcanfindmanykindsofanimalsinthisarea.Time:July8-July14Tel:84639818Adult:$110Child:$55Trip2ThreeDaysInTheCountryTherearemanybeautifulgardens.TakeyourcameraandenjoythewonderfulsightsinHunterValley.Itisagoodplaceforfishingandhorseriding.Youcanalsofinddifferentkindsofflowershere.Thisisalsoagreatwalkforbird-lovers.Time:July20-July22Tel:83986432Adult:$50Child:$25Trip3Flashlight(手电筒)Adventure(冒险)Putonyourwarmclothes，bringaflashlightandcomeforanightwalkalongtheDungogValley.Itisatripfullofadventure.Aguidewillleadthetour.Manyoftheplantsonthistripcanonlybeseenatnight.Time:July16-July18Tel:83875629Adult:$30NotforchildrenTrip4FiveDaysByTheSeaWearyoursunhatandenjoywonderfulsunshineallthetimefrommorningtoevening.Ourhotelisnexttothesea.Wehaveourownboats，too.Youcanswimintheseaorintheswimmingpool.Everydayourboatwilltakeyoutodifferentplacesforswimming.Time:July13-July17Tel:87549679Adult:$80Child:$40()1.Whatnumbercanyoucallifyouwanttoenjoythesunshineattheseaside?A.87549679.B.83875629.C.84639818.D.83986432.()2.SamstayedinHunterValleywithhiswife，hisfive-year-olddaughter.Howmuchdiditcost?A.$25.B.$50.C.$100.D.$125.()3.Davidlovessports.HewilltakehisholidayfromJuly7toJuly15.Whatactivitywillheprobablytakepartin?A.Hikinginthemountains.B.Watchingplantsatnight.C.Fishinginthecountry.D.Swimminginthesea.()4.Lucywantstoknowsomethingaboutthelifeofplantsatnight.Whichtripwillshechoose?A.Trip1.B.Trip2.C.Trip3.D.Trip4.()5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedaccordingtothefouradvertisements?A.B.C.D.B(2014·成都)DearLiFei，Howareyou?IwillhaveashortholidaynextweekandhavedecidedtovisitShanghaiforasecondtime.IhavebookedaroominthePeaceHotel.IhearitisontheBund(外滩)andhasagoodviewofthefamousHuangpuRiver.IwillarriveonthenightofMarch27andleaveearlyonMarch29.Iwouldliketovisitsomeofthemostfamousplaces，suchasNanjingRoadandYuGardeninChenghuangmiao.Canyougivemesomesuggestionsfo