2022年大学英语考试真题卷二13测

2022年大学英语考试真题卷二

（本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。）

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1.PassageFour

BywhatmeansdidJapangrabitslargemarketsharebythe1970sandthe

1980s

A.Itsproductswerecheaperinpriceandbetterinquality.

B.Itsadvertisingwasmostsuccessful.

C.TheU・S.hardwareindustrywaslaggingbehind.

D.JapanhiredalotofIndiasoftwarespecialists.

2.PassageOne

Insomepartsoftheworldatravelermightstarve

A.evenifhismoneywasofthelocalkind

B.evenifhehadplentyofcoinsandnotes

C.ifhehadnocoinsandnotes

D.ifhedidnotknowthelocalrateofexchange

3.PassageTwo

Accordingtothepassage,thedropintheunempIoymentrateinNewEngIand

inthemid-1980swasmainlydueto

A.thetechnicalreformofsomemills

B.theemergenceofnewindustries

C.theprotectivepoliciesfordomesticgoods

D.theexpansionofAmericaneconomy

4.PassageThree

WhatdeterminesthevalueofthedoIIar

A.Thegovernment.

B.Thecostofliving.

C.Theeconomist.

D.Thebank.

5.PassageFour

WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutHumphreyisTRUE

A.HeisnowstillanIBMemployer.

B.HehasworkedforIBMfor37years.

C.TheU.S.paysmuchattentiontohisqualityadvice.

D.Indiahonorshimhighly.

6.PassageThree

Whilethecostoflivingincreases,thevalueofthedoIIar

A.increasestoo

B.decreases

C.neitherincreasesnordecreases

D.seldomdecreases

7.PassageOne

Lumpsofiron,ironbarsorcakesofsaltare

A.nolongerusedinexchangeforgoods

B.exchangedfortools,weaponsorornaments

C.theearliestmoneyinChina

D.asubstituteformoneyinsomeplacesintheworld

8.PassageTwo

Thenewsabouttheexpansionofanewindustrycannotmakethejobless

workersfeelanybetterbecause

A.theyaretroubledbysocialproblems

B.theyhavenochancetobetrained

C.theydonothavetheskillsrequiredbythenewindustry

D.theyareworriedaboutthehighunemploymentrate

9.PassageFour

WhatdoesthefoundingoftheWattsHumphreySoftwareQuaIityInstitute

symboIize

A.ItsymbolizestheAmericandeterminationtomoveaheadwithits

soil-ware.

B.ItsymbolizestheIndianambitiontotaketheleadinsoftware.

C.ItsymbolizestheJapaneseeffortstosolvethesoftwarequalityproblem.

D.ItsymbolizestheChinesepolicyonimportingsoftwar

10.PassageOne

OnetypeofearlyChinesemoneywas

A.madeofbones

B.muchlikeeasternMediterraneancoins

C.intheformofbronzebars

D.called"cash"

11.PassageTwo

Itcanbeinferredthattoreduceunemployment,theU.S.Government

should

A.increasetheefficiencyofhomeindustries

B.equipjoblessworkerswithnewskills

C.offerpositionsforjoblessworkers

D.stopimportingforeignproducts

12.PassageThree

whendothepricesgoup

A.Demandexceedssupply.

B.Supplyexceedsdemand.

C.Demanddoesn'texceedsupply.

D.Supplyequalsdeman

13.PassageOne

Primitivetypesofmoneyaresometimesused

A.asentrancefeestomuseums

B.atcountrysidemarkets

C.atweddingsorfunerals

D.toreplacemorepicturesquemoneyforms

14.PassageFour

Whatisthewriterworryingabout

A.ManyU.S.soil9warespecialistsareworkingforJapan.

B.Thequalityproblemhasbecomeaworldwideproblem.

C.TheU.S.willnolongerbethefirstsoftwareplayerintheworld.

D.IndiaandJapanarejoininghandstocompetewiththeU.S.

15.PassageTwo

Fromwhosepointofviewisthepassagewritten

A.FromthepointofviewoftheJapanese.

B.FromthepointofviewofthepeopleinNewEngland.

C.FromthepointofviewoftheGermans.

D.FromthepointofviewoftheAmericans.

16.PassageThree

Budgetinghelps

A.onetomakehisincomemeetthecostofliving

B.thegovernmenttobattletherisingcostofliving

C.merchantstoproducemoregoods

D.theworkerstoearnmoremoney

17.{{BHTEXTD{{/B}}

Whenimaginativementurntheireyestowardsspaceandwonderwhether

Iifeexistsinandanypartofit,theymaycheerthemseIvesbyremembering

thatIifeneednotresemblecloselytheIifethatexistsonEarth.Mars

looksIiketheonlypIanetwhereIifeIikeourscouldexist,andeven

thisisdoubtfuI.ButtheremaybeotherkindsofIifebasedonother

kindsofchemistry,andtheymaymultiplyonVenusorJupiter.Atleast

wecannotproveatpresentthattheydonot.

EvenmoreinterestingisthepossibiIitythatIifeontheirpIanets

maybeinamoreadvancedstateofevolution.Present-daymanisina

peculiarandprobablytemporarystage.Hisindividualunitsretaina

strongsenseofpersonality.Theyare,infact,stillcapableunder

favorabIecircumstancesofIeadingindividuaIIives.Butman,ssocieties

arealreadysufficientlydevelopedtohaveenormousIymorepowerthan

theindividualshave.

ItisnotIikelythatthistransitionalsituationwiIIcontinuevery

longontheevolutionarytimescale.Fiftythousandyearsfromnowman

ssocietiesmayhavebecomesoclose-knitthattheindividualsretain

nosenseofseparatepersonality.ThenIittIedistinetionwiIIremain

betweentheorganicpartsofthemultipleorganismsandtheinorganic

parts(machines)thathavebeenconstructedbyit.Ami11ionyearsfurther

onmanandhismachinesmayhavemergedascloselyasthemuseIesofthe

humanbodyandthenervecellsthatsettheminmotion.

Theexplorationofspaceshouldbepreparedforsomesuchsituation.

IftheyarriveonaforeignpIanetthathasreachedanadvancedstage

(andthisisbynomeansimpossible),theymayfinditbeinginhabited

byasinglelargeorganismcomposedofmanycloselycooperatingunits.

Theunitsmaybe"secondary11-machinescreatedmiIIionsofyearsago

byapreviousformofIifeandgiventhewiIIandabilitytosurviveand

reproduce.TheymaybebuiltentirelyofmetaIsandotherdurable

materials.Ifthisisthecase,theymaybemuchmoretolerantoftheir

environment,multiplyingunderconditionsthatwouIddestroyimmediateIy

anyorganismmadeofcarboncompoundsanddependentonthefamiIiarcarbon

eyeIe.

SuchcreaturesmightbereIicsofapastage,manymiIIionsofyears

ago,whentheirpIanetwasfavorabletotheoriginofIife,ortheymight

beimmigrantsfromafavoredplanet.(401words)

HumansonEarthtodayarecharacterizedby.

A.theirexistenceasfreeandseparatebeings

B.theircapabilityoflivingunderfavorableconditions

C.theirgreatpowerandeffectiveness

D.theirstrongdesireforlivinginaclose-knitsociety

18.

Inthissectionthereareseveralreadingpassagesfollowedbyatotal

oftwentymu11ipIe-choicequestions.Readthepassagesandthenmarkyour

answersonyouranswersheet.

{{B}}TEXTA{{/B}}

TheartofIivingistoknowwhentoholdfastandwhentoletgo.

ForIifeisaparadox:itenjoinsustoclingtoitsninnygiftseven

whileitordainstheireventuaIreIinquishment.Therabbies（犹太人的

学者）ofoldputitthisway:"AmancomestothisworIdwithhisfist

clenched,butwhenhedies,hishandisopen.n

SurelyweoughttoholdfasttoIiferforitiswondrous,andfulI

ofabeautythatbreaksthrougheveryporeofGod'sownearth.Weknow

thatthisisso,butalItoooftenwerecognizethistruthonlyinour

backwardglancewhenwerememberwhatwasandthensuddenlyrealizethat

itisnomore.

Werememberabeautythatfaded,alovethatwaned.Butweremember

withfargreaterpainthatwedidnotseethatbeautywhenitflowered,

thatwefailedtorespondwithlovewhenitwastendered.

Arecentexperiencere-taughtmethistruth.Iwashospitalized

folIowingasevereheartattackandhadbeeninintensivecareforseveral

days.Itwasnotapleasantplace.

Onemorning,IhadtohavesomeadditionaItests.Therequiredmachines

wereIocatedinabuiIdingattheoppositeendofthehospital,soIhad

tobewheeIedacrossthecourtyardonagurney.

Asweemergedfromourunit,thesunIighthitme.That'sailthere

wastomyexperience.JusttheIightofthesun.AndyethowbeautifuI

itwas-howwarming,howsparkIingfhowbrilliant!

IIookedtoseewhetheranyoneeIsereIishedthesun,sgoIdenglow,

buteveryonewashurryingtoandfro,mostwitheyesfixedontheground.

ThenIrememberedhowoftenI,too,hadbeenindifferenttothegrandeur

ofeachday,toopreoccupiedwithpettyandsometimesevenmeanconcerns

torespondtothesplendorofitall.

TheinsightgleanedfromthatexperienceisreallyascommonpIaceas

wastheexperienceitself:Iife5sgiftsareprecious-butwearetoo

heedIessofthem.

HemthenisthefirstpoleofIife'sparadoxicaldemandsonus:Never

toobusyforthewonderandtheaweofIife.Bereverentbeforeeach

dawningday.Embraceeachhour.SeizeeachgoIdenminute.

Holdfasttolife..."butnotsofastthatyoucannotletgo.11This

isthesecondsideofIife'scoin,theoppositepoleofitsparadoxwe

mustacceptourlosses,andlearnhowtoIetgo.Thisisnotaneasylesson

tolearn,especiallywhenweareyoungandthinkthattheworldisours

tocommand,thatwhateverwedesirewiththefunforceofourpassionate

beingcan,nay,will,beours.ButthenIifemovesalongtoconfrontus

withrealities,andslowlybutsurelythissecondtrothdawnsuponus.

AteverystageofIifewesustainlossesandgrowintheprocess.We

beginourindependentIivesonlywhenweemergefromthewombandlose

itsprotectiveshelter.Weenteraprogressionofschools,thenweleave

ourmothersandfathersandourchiIdhoodhomes.Wegetmarriedandhave

chiIdrenandthenhavetoletthemgo.Weconfrontthedeathofourparents

andourspouses.Wefacethegradualornotsogradualwaningofourown

strength.Andultimately,astheparableoftheopenandclosedhand

suggests,wemustconfronttheinevitabiIityofourowndemise,losing

ourselvesasitwere,alIthatwewereordreamedtohe.

ButwhyshouIdwebereconciledtoIife'scontradictorydemandsWhy

fashionofbeautywhenbeautyisevanescentWhygiveourheartinlove

whenthosewelovewiIIu11imateIybetomfromourgrasp

Inordertoresolvethisparadox,wemustseekawiderperspective,

viewingourIivesasthroughwindowsthatopenoneternity.Oncewedo

that,werealizethatthoughourIivesarefinite,ourdeedsonearth

weaveatimelesspattern.

Lifeisneverjustbeing.Itisbecomingarelentlessflowingon.Our

parentsIiveonthroughus,andwewillliveonthroughourchiIdren.

Theinstitutionswebuildendure,andwewiIIendurethroughthem.The

beautywefashioncannotbedimmedbydeath.Ourfleshmayperish,our

handswiIIwither,butthatwhichtheycreateinbeautyandgoodnessand

truthIivesonforalItimetocome.

Don,tspendandwasteyourIivesaccumuIatingobjectsthatwi11only

turntodustandashes.Pursuenotsomuchthematerialastheideal,

forideaIsaloneinvestIifewithmeaningandareofenduringworth.

Addlovetoahouseandyouhaveahome.Addrighteousnesstoacity

andyouhaveacommunity.AddmathtoapiIeofredbrickandyouhave

aschooI.AddreligiontothehumbIestofedificesandyouhaveasanctuary.

Addjusticetothefar-flungroundofhumanendeavorandyouhave

civilization.PutthemalItogether,exaltthemabovetheirpresent

imperfections,addtothemthevisionofhumankinddeemed,foreverfree

ofneedandstrifeandyouhaveafutur

A.tolearntodealwiththelosseswesufferinlife

B.tolearnthatdeathisunavoidable

C.tolearntofaceavarietyofdeaths

D.tolearntogetaccustomedtothepatternoflife,departureanddeath

19.{{B}}TEXT

JosephJoneshadacriminalrecord,buthesworeupanddownthatthis

timehewasinnocent.That'swhatthe36-year-oIdfelontoldaLosAngeIes

SuperiorCourtjudgelastyear,justmomentsbeforepIeadingguiItyto

sellingcocaine.Hereceivedaneight-yearsentence.OnWednesday,Jones

waIkedoutofCaIifornia'sSalinasVaileyStatePrison,hisconviction

overturnedattherequestoftheLosAngeIesDistrictAttorneyGiI

Garcetti.Turnsout,Jonesreallywasinnocentofthecocainecharge.

Jones'caseisnotalIthatunusual.InLosAngeIeslately,itis

theprosecutorswhoareaskingthatdefendantsbesetfree.Thecriminal

justicesystemseemstohavebeenturnedinsideoutasauthoritiesprobe

whatmightbecomethemostwidespreadpolicecorruptionscandaIinthe

city'shistory.nIwouldn1tsaythesystemisinshambles,butithas

certainlybeenseriouslydisrupted,MsaysMichaelJudge,chiefpubIic

defenderforLosAngeIes.Ahigh-rankingpoliceofficiaIwhoaskednot

tobenamedadds:"I'veneverseenanythingIikethisbeforeinLosAngeIes.

It'sthekindofthingyouhearaboutinotherplaces.Idon'tknow

ifwe5IIevergetoverit.M

Policeauthoritiessayatleastoneofficerhasbeenfired,11pIaced

onadministrativeleave,andone,RafaeIPerez,hasresigned,as

aIIegationsswirlthattheystolecontraband,Iied,pIantedevidence,

roughedupwitnessesandkeptacrashpadwheretheyhadsexwith

prostitutes.Perezadmittedshootinganunarmedman,thenframinghim

bypIantingasemiautomaticriflenearhisunconsciousbodyandaccusing

himofattackingofficers.FiveLosAngeIesprosecutorsandaspeciaI

policetaskforcearereviewinghundredsofcasesthatmighthavebeen

compromised.Morethan200policedepartmentsupervisorsandassistants

arepartofaboardofinquiryexpectedtomakerecommendationstoPolice

ChiefBernardParksasearlyasnextweek.Fivecriminalconvictionsthat

Perezandhispartnerobtainedhavebeenoverturned,andmorecouIdfo11ow,

aspokeswomanforGarcettisaid.

OnWednesday,pubIicdefendersreceivedaIistofmorethan1000cases

invoIvingeightlawenforcementofficerstargetedintheprobe.Eachmust

bereviewedforpossiblytaintedtestimony.Ifevidenceissuspect,

lawyerssay,they'IIarguefornewtrialsordismissalofcharges.The

courtscouldbetiedupforyears.Addingtothemorass,officiaIsexpect

anonslaughtofcivillaw-suitsagainstthepolicedepartmentfrom

defendantswhowerewronglyconvicted.Thefirsthasbeenfiled.

"Thisisatarnishonourbadge,"saysOfficerTedHunt,president

oftheLosAngeIesPoliceProtectiveLeague,whichprovideslawyersfor

accusedofficers.Hecautioned,however,againstjumpingtothe

coneIusionthatpoIicecorruptioniswidespread.OnlyPerezhasbeen

provedguiIty,henotes."Otherthanthisonetinypersonwhoembarrassed

alIofus,LAPDcoppersarehonestandethicaIfandtheywanttodothe

rightthing,"Huntadds.

InSeptember,Perezadmittedincourtthathehadstolenabout8pounds

ofcocainefromthepoliceevidenceroomlastyear,Inanattempttolower

hissentence,heofferedtoblowthewhistleonaIIegedcorruptionin

thedepartment'sRampartDivision.

Assignedtoatough,mostIyminorityneighborhoodwestofdowntown,

RampartDivisionpoliceareknownaspro-active."Theirjobistogo

outandgetthestreethoodlums,theoneswhocauseordinarycitizens

tobeafraid"Huntsays."Ramparthadthehighestcrimerateinthecity,

andtheyturneditaround.M

AccordingtoPerez,someofficersatRampartweredoingmorethangood

policework.Perezcontends,forexample,thatin1996,heandhispartner,

NinoDurden,shot19-year-oldJavierFranciscoOvando,thenframedhim

forassauItingthem.TheshootingparaIyzedOvando.Thoughhehadnoprior

record,thejudgehandeddownthestiffestsentencepossiblebecause,

thejudgesaid,thedefendantshowednoremorse.Ovandowasreleasedfrom

prisoninSeptemberafterservingthreeyearsofa23-yearsentence.

TamarToiser,Ovando'scriminaldefenselawyer,saysPerezandhis

partnertestifiedbrilliantlyatthetrial."Theywerewonderful

witnesses,"shesaid."Theyknewjustwhentolookthejuryintheeye.

Theycalled(Ovando)9agangassassin.9nDavidBrockway,thelawyerwho

advisedJonestotakeaneight-yeardealandadmitsellingcocaine,also

remembersthesametwocopsaseffectivewitnesses.IfJoneshadgone

upagainstthem,"WhowouldthejuryhavebeIieved“heasks.Bygoing

totrial,JoneswouldhaveriskedbeingfoundguiItyandreceivinga

sentenceof32yearstoIifeinprisonunderCalifornia's"three-strikes”

law,Brockwaysays.

"InnocentpeopIearebeingconvicted,11pubIicdefenderJudgesays.

"That5sthemagnitudeoftheconsequences,andthisisrea11ydevastating

forthesystem.11ButHuntandotherpoliceofficerssay

A.Policemenalsodosomeillegalthings.

B.Therearemoreandmorepolicescandalsthesedays.

C.Policescandalputsconvictionsindoubt.

D.Only1cophasadmittedguilt,soitisunreasonabletoquestionthe

criminalconvictions.

20.{{I}}Question9and10arebasedonthefollowingnews.Atthe

endofthenewsitem,youwiIIbegiven20secondstoanswerthequestion.

NowIistentothenews.{{/I}}

Mr.AnnannotedmanysuccessesoftheUnitedNations,except.

A.keepingthepeace

B.helpinginthefightagainstcancerandAIDS

C.helpingwithelectionsinmanycountries

D.bringingrelieftovictimsofdisasters

21.Dreamoccursduringtheperiodof.

A.activesteep

B.passivesleep

C.deepsleep

D.oversleeping

22.{{B1JTEXTC{{/B}}

Theworldisgoingthroughthebiggestwaveofmergersandacquisitions

everwitnessed.TheprocesssweepsfromhyperactiveAmericatoEurope

andreachestheemergingcountrieswithunsurpassedmight.Manyinthese

countriesareIookingatthisprocessandworrying:"Won'tthewaveof

businessconcentrationturnintoanuncontrolIableanti-competitive

force”

There'snoquestionthatthebigaregettingbiggerandmorepowerfuI.

MultinationaIcorporationsaccountedforlessthan20%ofinternational

tradein1982.Todaythefigureismorethan25%andgrowingrapidly.

InternationalaffiIiatesaccountforafast-growingsegmentof

productionineconomiesthatopenupandweIcomeforeigninvestment.In

Argentina,forinstance,afterthereformsoftheearly1990s,

multinationaIswentfrom43%toaImost70%oftheindustrialproduction

ofthe200largestfirms.Thisphenomenonhascreatedseriousconcerns

overtheroleofsmalIereconomicfirms,ofnationaIbusinessmenandover

theu11imatestabiIityoftheworldeconomy.

IbeIievethatthemostimportantforcesbehindthemassiveM&Awave

arethesamethatunderIietheglobalizationprocess:falling

transportationandcommunicationcosts,lowertradeandinvestment

barriersandenlargedmarketsthatrequireenlargedoperationscapable

ofmeetingcustomersJdemands.AlIthesearebedrecreatethesame

threatstocompetitionthatwerefearednearlyacenturyagointheU.

S.,whentheStandardOiItrustwasbrokenup.ThemergersofteIecom

companies,suchasWorldCom,hardlyseemtobringhigherpricesfor

consumersorareductioninthepaceoftechnicalprogress.Onthe

contrary,thepriceofcommunicationsiscomingdownfast.Incars,too,

concentrationisincreasing-witnessDaimlerandChrysler,Renaultand

Nissan-butitdoesnotappearthatconsumersarebeinghurt.

Yetthefactremainsthatthemergermovementmustbewatched.Afew

weeksago,AlanGreenspanwarnedagainstthemegamergersinthebanking

industry.Whoisgoingtosupervise,regulateandoperateaslenderof

lastresortwiththegiganticbanksthatarebeingcreatedWon't

multinationaIsshiftproductionfromoneplacetoanotherwhenanation

getstoostrictaboutinfringementstofaircompetitionAndshouldone

countrytakeuponitselftheroleof"defendingcompetitionMonissues

thataffectmanyothernations,asintheU.S.vs.Microsoftcase

Whatisthetypicaltrendofbusinessestoday

A.Totakeinmoreforeignfunds.

B.Toinvestmoreabroad.

C.Tocombineandbecomebigger.

D.Totradewithmorecountries.

23.{{BUTEXTE{{/B}}

ManysystemcanbedeliberateIyfooled.AnewstudyfromYokohama

NationaIUniversityinJapanshowsthatphonyfingersconcoctedfrom

gelatin,called"gummydummies11,easilytrickfingerprintsystems.

Manufacturerofsomesystemsclaimtoguardagainstsuchtacticsby

recordingpupiIdilationtbloodflowinfingers,andotherevidencethat

thebiometricsampIeis"live”.AndaIthoughsomemakersassertthat

biometricssolvestheproblemofidentitytheft,noonecanstealyour

iris（虹膜）orhands,afteraIImanyexpertsdisagree.Ahackerwhobroke

intoapoorlydesignedsystemmightbeabletostealotherpeople1s

digitalbiometrictempIatesandusethemtoaccesssecurenetworks.This

trick,called"replay",couldtakeidentitythefttoawholenewIeveI.

"Yourfingerprintisuniquelyyours,forever.Ifit'scompromised,you

can'tgetanewone”,saysJackieFenn,atechnoIogyanaIystattheGartner

Group.

Privacyconcerns-aIthoughtheyseemlesspressingtomanythesedays

-mayalsoslowpubIicacceptanceofthetechnology.Yetinsomecases,

biometricscanactuallyenhanceprivacy.Afinger-scansystemfor

controlIingaccesstomedicaIrecords,forexample,wouldalsocollect

anaudittraiIofpeopIewhoviewedthedata.Butfacescanning,with

itspotentialforidentifyingpeopIewithouttheirknowIedge,hasalarmed

privacyadvocates.

Lastmonth,forexampIetVisionicsCorp'sface-scanningsystemwas

redeployedasananticrimemeasureinaTampa,Fla.,entertainment

district.DetectiveBillToddsaysthesystemhadbeentakendowntwo

monthsintoits12-monthtrialbecauseofabugintheoperatingsystem,

butithasbeenupgradedandisnowbackinuse.The36-camerasystem

iscontrolledbyanofficeratthestation,whocanpan,tiIt,andzoom

thecamerastoscanfacesinthecrowdsothatthesoftwarecancompare

themwithfacesinadatabase.

WhileToddsaysthedatabasecontainsonlyphotographsofwanted

felons,runaways,andsexualpredators,policedepartmentpolicyallows

anyonewhohasacriminalrecordormightprovide"valuableinteIIigence1',

suchasgangmembers,tobeincluded.Sofar,accordingtoareportby

theAmericanCivilLibertiesUnion,thetechnologyhasproducedmany

faIsematchesandToddconfidesthatithasn,tidentifiedanycriminals.

"WehaveourIimitations",saysFrancesZelazny,spokespersonfor

Visionics."It'sanenhancementtolawenforcement,notareplacement.n

Atlimes,theprivacyproblemismoreperceptiblethanreality.The

LowerMerionSchooIdistrictnearPhiIadeIphiahadinsta11edfinger-scan

devicesforschoollunchIines.Studentswouldplacetheirfingerson

apadtoverifytheiridentity,andmoneywouldbedeductedfromtheir

account.TheoptionaIprogramwasinstitutedtomakeIinesmovefaster,

andtospareembarrassmenttostudentsenti11edtofordiscountedmeaIs.

ButeventhoughthesystemdidnotcaptureafulIfingerprintimage,but

ratherastripped-downdigitalversion,someparentsfeltthatitcame

uncomfortablyclosetotraditionalfingerprinting.Afteraspateofbad

press,thepro