非谓语动词表格形式

PAGEPAGE4非谓语动词动词不定式动词不定式的构成：to+动词原形（这里的to是不定式符号，本身无词义）否定：not+(to+)动词原形动词不定式的句法功能功能例句说明主语TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforus.=ItisnoteasyforustospeakEnglish.作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面，其结构为:It+be+adj.+(for/ofsb.)+动词不定式表语Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.=Tocleantheroomeverydayismywork.多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换为作主语宾语—Whatsportsdoesheliketoplay?—Helikestoplaybasketball.只能作某些动词的宾语，一般不做介词的宾语宾补Mymothermademeplaythepianoallthetime.在make,let,see,hear,watch等使役动词后，不定式省略to定语Haveyougotanythingtosay?不定式做定语，要放在所修饰词的后面状语I’msorrytotroubleyou.不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致1.todo作主语常用it作形式主语例：TolearnEnglishwellisuseful.→Itisuseful（forus）tolearnEnglishwell.注意：在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of.2.一些表示命令，打算或希望的动词后只接动词不定式作宾语：wouldlike,like（想要）,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,except等。例：Wouldyouliketooseeafilmthisevening?3.在find,think后跟动词不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。例：IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.4.常见的一些不带to的动词不定式作宾语Whynotdo……,whydon’tyoudo…,hadbetter(not)do…,wouldraterdo…,could/would/willyouplease(not)do…例：Iwouldratherstayintheroom.5.一些使役动词和感官动词用不定式作宾语，但to要省略。一感（fell）、二听（hear,listento）、三让（let/make/let）、四看（lookat,see,watch,notice）、五帮助（help）,但变为被动语态是必须加上to.例：Myfriendsweremadetoworkthewholenightbytheboss.6.不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。动名词动名词的构成：动词原形+-ing动名词的句法功能功能例句说明主语Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.谓语动词用单数形式宾语动词宾语Ilikeplayingbasketballverymuch.表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性动作介词宾语Stampsareusedforsendingletters.表语Hishobbyiscollectingstamps=Collectingstampsishishobby.多数情况下，动名词作表语可装换成做主语定语Sheisinthereadingroom.只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。至置于所修饰词之前常跟动名词作宾语的词：完成实践值得忙（finish,practice,beworth,bebusy）继续习惯别放弃（keepon,beusedto,giveup）考虑建议不禁想（consider,suggest,can’thelp,feellike）喜欢思念要介意（enjoy,miss,mind）分词构成：动词+-ing动词+-ed分词的句法功能功能例句说明定语Doyouknowthegirlstandingunderthetree?Pleasehandinyourwrittenexercise.现在分词作定语，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词；过去分词作定语，其逻辑宾语就是它所修饰的词。状语Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.Seenfromthehill,outschoollooksmorebeautiful.分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语表语Thesituationisencouraging.Theboyistoofrightenedtomove.现在分词表示主语的性质、特征；过去分词表示某种状态（也就是我们常说的人用-ed，物用-ing.）补足语Don’tkeepuswaitingforalongtime.Iheardhimsingingintheclassroom.He’llhavehishaircutafterschool.现在分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语（即主动关系）；过去分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语（即被动关系）易混清单动词后接不定式和动名词的区别stoptodosth.停下来去做stopdoingsth.停止做remembertodosth.记住要做某事（动作未发生）rememberdoingsth.记得曾经做过某事（动作已发生）A.nottobringB.notbringC.don’tbringD.bringnotAtleast300millionpeopleareusingQQ______byMaHuatengtochatonline.A.creatB.createsC.creatingD.createdTheteacheraskedBen______adifficultquestioninclass.A.answerB.answeringC.toanswerD.answeredYou’dbetter______toomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.A.don’tspendB.nottospendC.tonotspendD.notspendMoreandmoreyoungpeoplearetryingtodosomething______theold.A.servedB.toserveC.serveD.serves22.—IsJackinthelibrary?—Maybe.Isawhim_____outwithsomebooksjustnow.A.goingB.goC.togoD.went23—Dad,whyshouldIstop______computergames?Foryourhealth,myboy,I’mafraidyou_______.A.toplay;mustB.playing;havetoC.toplay;canD.playing;may24.—HaveyouseentheTVplayMyUglyMother?—Yes,it’swellworth______.It’s______movingthatI’veseenittwice.A.seeing;tooB.tosee;enoughC.seeing;soD.tosee;such25.Whynot______yourteacherforhelpwhenyoucan’tfinish______itbyyourself?A.ask;writeB.toask;writingC.ask;writingD.asking;writing26.Ifpeople_____cuttingdowntheforest,theywillhavenowhere________.A.keep;toliveinB.willkeep;toliveinC.keep;toliveD.willkeep;tolive27.Hisparentsoftenencouragehim______hard.A.workB.workingC.toworkD.works28.LastweekImetmyoldfriendLiMingbutIforgot_______himforhistelephonenumber.A.askB.askingC.andaskD.toask29.LastweekendIwenttothelibrary_______somebooksonhowtoprotectenvironment.A.toborrowB.borrowC.borrowedD.borrowing30.—Howdoyoufeelwhenyouwatchthenationalflaggoup?—Itmakesme______veryproud.A.feltB.tofeelC.feelingD.feel31.Theboypromised_______lateforschoolagain.A.tonotbeB.nottobeC.notbeingD.beingnot32.It’sverynice______picturesforme.A.ofyoudodrawB.foryoutodrawC.foryoudrawingD.ofyoudrawing33.Chinawillspendabout52billionyuan______newairportsand______oldonesinthewestofChinainthe11thFive–YearPlanperiod.(时期)A.repairing;buildingB.tobuild;repairC.building;repairingD.torepair;build34.Therearesomanykindsofpenshere.Ican’tdecide______.A.whentochooseB.tochoosewhichC.whichonetochoose35.—Whataboutplayingfootballthisafternoon,Sam?—Iwouldrather______athomethan______football.it’stoohotoutside.A.stay;playingB.stay;playC.tostay;toplayD.tostay;playing36.IttookLiMinganhour_____hisbikeyesterdayA.torepairB.repairingC.repairedD.repair37.It’simportant_______thepianowell.A.ofhimtoplayB.forhimtoplayC.ofhimplayingD.forhimplaying38.Myjobis_______youJapanese.A.toteachB.teachC.teachesD.taught39.Thedoctor_______a______boyyesterday.A.hadsaved;dyi