非谓语动词用法归纳(语法)

PAGEPAGE4非谓语动词用法归纳主动被动1.doing用在要求动词后；进行；伴随；性质；特点；概括；抽象；一般3.havingdone有先后动作表完成(一般用在句首)2.beingdone正在进行的被动4.havingbeendone用于句首；要求动词后（有过去时间或过去动作）5.todo用在要求动词后；目的；将来；具体7.tohavedone在要求动词后表完成的动作(一般用在句中)6.tobedone将来的被动8.tohavebeendone用在要求动词后（有过去时间或过去动作）9.done被动；完成（一般或普遍时间）一、表格的用法doing的用法（1）在要求动词后（作宾语）：avoid避免appreciate感激/欣赏acknowledge承认/自认admit承认advocate提倡/主张consider考虑can'thelp不禁can'tstand受不了contemplate细想complete完成confess坦白dislike不喜欢，讨厌deserve值得delay延迟deny否认dread可怕defer拖延detest嫌恶enjoy享有/喜爱envy嫉妒endure忍受excuse借口escape逃跑/逃避finish完成forgive原谅fancy幻想/爱好favor造成/偏爱figure描绘/计算hate讨厌imagine设想involve卷入/包含keep保持miss错过mention说到/讲到mind介意pardon原谅/饶恕permit允许postpone推迟practice实行/实践prevent阻止quit放弃停止risk冒险recall回想resist抵抗/阻止resume恢复repent悔悟resent怨恨stand坚持/忍受suggest建议save营救/储蓄tolerate忍受worth值得Youshouldtrytoavoidmakingmistakes.Thebookisworthreading.Thebookdeservesreading.（2）表进行Walkingonthegrassland,Isawasnake.=WhenIwaswalkingonthegrassland,Isawasnake.ThemanspeakingEnglishisTom.=ThemanwhoisspeakingEnglishisTom.（3）表主动ThemanspeakingEnglishisTom=ThemanwhospeaksEnglishisTom.=ThemanwhospokeEnglishisTom.Nobodydinksboilingwaterbutboiledwater.=Nobodydinkswaterthatisboilingbutthewaterthathasboiled.（4）表伴随IstandoutsidewaitingforMr.Chen.Ilieinbedreadinganovel.（5）表性质；特点Thefilmisverymoving.Sheisunderstanding,soyouhadbetterdiscussyourbusinesswithher.（6）概括性,一般性Climbingmountainisveryinteresting.Drivingacarduringtherushhouristiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(概括性,一般性)Ourworkisservingthepeople．（7）动名词的逻辑主语为；①人称代词的所有格+动名词；②名词's+动名词。例如：

Tominsistedonmygoingwiththem．他坚持要我和他们一起去。

Hedislikeshiswife'sworkinglate．他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。2.beingdone表示正在进行的被动TheboybeingcriticizedbyMr.ChenisTom.=TheboywhoisbeingcriticizedbyMr.ChenisTom.BeingcriticizedbyMr.Chen,theboyfeltsad.=WhentheboywasbeingcriticizedbyMr.Chen,hefeltsad.Thebuildingbeingbuiltwillbethetallestoneinthiscity.=Thebuildingthatisbeingbuiltwillbethetallestoneinthiscity.3.havingdone有先后动作表完成(一般用在句首)Havingfinishedtheclass,Iwenthome.=AfterIhadfinishedtheclass,Iwenthome.Havingdonethework,Ihadashortrest.=AfterIhaddonethework,Ihadashortrest.Havingdonethework,Iwentbackhome.Havingbeendone,theworkwascheckedbytheleaders.4.havingbeendone用于句首；有先后动作表完成有先后动作表完成,（有过去时间或过去动作）Iappreciatehavingbeengiventheopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago.(要求动词后)=IappreciatethatIwasgiventheopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago.Havingbeengiventheopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago,Istillappreciateyourhelpthen.=BecauseIwasgiventheopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago,IstillappreciateyourhelpthenIappreciatehavingbeengiventheopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago.IenjoygivingtheopportunitytostudyabroadtoMr.Wang.Iappreciatebeinggiventheopportunitytostudyabroadnow.Havingbeenfinished,thereportwasturnedin.=Afterthereporthadbeenfinished,itwasturnedin.5.todo的用法:(1)用在要求动词后:接todo的动词（作宾语）attempt企图afford负担得起arrange安排appear似乎，显得ask问agree同意believe认为、相信begin开始beg请求bother扰乱/烦恼care关心，喜欢choose选择claim要求consent同意，赞同contrive设法，图谋demand要求destine注定determine决定dread害怕desire愿望decide决定enable能够expect期望endeavor努力fail不能hate憎恨/厌恶happen碰巧hesitate犹豫hope希望intend想要incline有…倾向long渴望love爱learn学习mean意欲，打算manage设法neglect忽视need需要omit忽略，漏offer提供pretend假装plan计划prefer喜欢/宁愿prepare准备profess表明promise承诺/允许propose提议refuse拒绝swear宣誓start开始seek找/寻觅try试图undertake承接volunteer志愿vow起wish希望want想要(2)表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作(做表语)。

Ourworkistoservethepeople．ThepersontodothejobisTom.=ThepersonwhowilldothejobisTom.Todotwothingsatatimeistodoneither．一次做两件事等于未做。

WhatIwouldsuggestistostartworkatonce.我的建议是立刻开始干。如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。

Toseeistobelieve.百闻不如一见。

Toworkmeanstoearnaliving．工作就是为了生活。如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的Sb(1)makessb(2)do前面的人让/叫/使后面的人做某事Mr.ChenmakesusdoEnglishexercise.Sb(1)makessb(2)doing前面的人让/叫/使后面的人一直做某事（有前提条件，表示抱怨或发牢骚）Mr.ChenistoostrictonourEnglishstudyandhealwaysmakesusdoingEnglishexercise.Sb(2)ismadetodo某人被让/叫/使去做某事WearemadetodoEnglishexercise.Sbmakesoneself/one’spointdone某人让/叫/使自己或自己的话/观点让别人听懂Mr.ChenspeaksEnglishslowlyinordertomakehimselfunderstoodintheclass.Sbmakessthdone某人把/让/叫/使某事给别人做Ihavemyhaircut.Sbhasdonesth某人已经做完了某事Ihavecutmyhair.（3）不及物动词构成的不定式做定语，要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系，这里的介词不能省去。

Ineedapentowritewith．我需要一支笔写字。

Thereisnothingtoworryabout．没有什么值得发愁的。Ifindahousetolivein.Igetachairtositon.三、独立主谓结构：和以上所有句子只有一个逻辑主语不同，独立主谓结构有两个不同的主语。Weatherpermitting,wegoouttohaveapicnic.=Iftheweatherpermits,wegoouttohaveapicnic.Workdone,Ihadarest.=Aftertheworkhadbeendone,Ihadarest.Classbeingover,Iwenthome.=Becausetheclasswasover,Iwenthome.Katebeingill,Icametoreplaceherposition.=BecauseKatewasill,Icametoreplaceherposition.Time________,I’llgoonapicnicwithyouthisSunday.A.permitsB.topermitC.permittedD.permitting更多例子：①Allthingsconsidered,heisafairlygoodteacherofEnglish.②Springhavingcome,thetreesbegintoturngreen.③Therebeingnopen,Ihadtowrite