学生版专题07 名词性从句-备战2023年高考英语考试易错题

专题07名词性从句——备战2023年高考英语考试易错题【导入】“两步法”突破名词性从句第一步识别名词性从句的种类1．首先确定主句的谓语动词，确定主句的主谓结构；2．分析从句在主句中所充当的成分，确定从句所属类型：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。第二步分析从句结构，确定从句引导词确定从句的结构和意义是否完整，结合句意填写适当的连接词。1．若从句结构完整，用从属连词：陈述事实用that；表示疑问“是否”用if或whether；2．若从句缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语，则考虑用连接代词；3．若从句缺少状语，则用连接副词。另外，还需注意一些特殊的引导词(if、whether、because、asif等)的用法及that引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别。技巧1关注连接代词what的用法1.(2021全国新高考Ⅰ卷)_______issobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheout-of-this-worldscenes.【解析】引导主语从句并在从句中作主语，应填what，位于句首，首字母要大写。考查名词性从句。【答案】Whatwhat可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，在从句中作主语、表语、宾语或宾语补足语等。它引导名词性从句时有两个意思：一是表示“什么”，带有疑问意味；二是表示“……所……的”，相当于一个先行词后接一个关系代词。Ourteachersalwaystellustobelieveinwhatwedoandwhoweareifwewanttosucceed.我们的老师总是告诉我们，如果我们想要成功，要相信我们所做的事情和我们是谁。1.（2020·浙江卷）Overthousandsofyears，theybegantodependlesson57couldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild,andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.【2018·北京】Thisis_________myfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.A.how B.which C.that D.what技巧2关注连接副词的用法1.(2015全国Ⅱ卷)…thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly_____thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.【解析】因figureout(弄明白；计算出)后是一个句子，应为宾语从句；引导宾语从句，并能修饰形容词(thick)的，只能是连接副词how，howthick意为“多厚”。【答案】how引导名词性从句的连接副词有when，where，why，how，whenever，wherever等，它们均在从句中作状语。Ihavenoideawhenshewillbeback.我不知道她何时回来。I'vebeenthinkingabouthowwecanmakethenewspapermoreinteresting.我一直考虑我们如何能使报纸更有趣。That'swhyIwantyoutoworkthere.那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因。Whereverhegoesmakeshisparentsworry.他无论去哪儿父母都担心。1.【2019·北京卷】Whatstudentsdoatcollegeseemstomattermuchmorethan___8___theygo.2.【2018·江苏】Byboatistheonlywaytogethere,whichis_______wearrived.A.where B.when C.why D.how技巧3关注同位语从句1.Otherspraisethefact______campuscanteenslaunchingdeliveryservicescansavestudents’time..【解析】空后是一个结构和意义完整的句子，故填连词that，引导同位语从句，解释说明fact的内容。【答案】that同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容的从句。所以它总是跟在某一个名词的后面。该名词被称作先行词。1.同位语从句的连接词同位语从句的连接词主要有that,whether,why,who,where,how,when等。在同位语从句中that,whether不作成分，that无实际意义，whether表示“是否”；其他连接词具有实义，同时在同位语从句中作一定成分。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不省略。Thereportthathewasgoingtoresignwasfalse.他将辞职的报道是假的。There’ssomedoubtwhetherJohnwillcomeontime.对约翰是否会准时到还有一些怀疑。2.可跟同位语从句的名词不是所有的名词都可以跟同位语从句，常可以被同位语从句修饰的名词有：advice建议belief信念fact事实hope希望idea主意news消息opinion观点order命令promise诺言question问题reply答复report报道thought想法truth事实warning警告Theproblemwhytheearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmerisstillunderdiscussion.地球为什么变得越来越暧这一问题仍在讨论之中。3.同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.他从玛丽那里获知了运动会被推迟的消息。4.同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1)从词类上区别同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等抽象意义的名词,而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或是整个主句。（2）从性质上区别定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,相当于一个形容词。而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,相当于一个名词。1)ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）2)ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）（3）从连接词和所作成分上区别同位语从句中that只起连接作用,不作任何成分，不能省略。定语从句中that起连接作用，充当宾语、主语或表语。作宾语时可以省略。how,whether,what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句。1.【2019·新课标I卷】Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence___61___theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.2.【2016·天津】Themanagerputforwardasuggestion____weshouldhaveanassistant.Thereistoomuchworktodo.A.whether B.that C.which D.what技巧4区别whoever，whatever,whomever,whichever与who，what，whom，which1..【2018·天津】Thegoldmedalwillbeawarded_______towinsthefirstplaceinthebicyclerace.A.whomever B.wherever C.whoever D.whatever【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。分析句子可知，宾语从句中缺少主语，故用whoever，表示“任何人，无论谁”。故选C。【答案】C1.【2018·天津】Thegoldmedalwillbeawarded___________towinsthefirstplaceinthebicyclerace.A.whomever B.wherever C.whoever D.whatever2.【2017·北京】Everyyear,______makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.A.whatever B.whoever C.whomever D.whichever基础夯实考点一主语从句连接词从属连词that,whether,if只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分。但一般不可省略。if不可以引导位于句首的主语从句。Yoursupportisimportanttoourwork.Whateveryoucandohelps.你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事情都会有所帮助。连接代词what,who,whose,which,whatever,whichever,whoever等who（ever）和what（ever）在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；which（ever）在从句中作主语、宾语；what,which,whose在从句中作定语。连接副词how,when,where,why等在从句中作状语。it作形式主语①It＋系动词＋形容词（necessary/likely/important/certain等）＋that从句②It＋系动词＋名词（短语）（apity/ashame/nowonder等）＋that从句③It＋be＋过去分词（said/told/reported等）＋that从句④It＋动词（短语）（seem/occurto/happentosb./...）＋that从句Itoccurredtohimthathehadanimportantconferencetoattendthenextmorning.他突然想到，第二天上午他有一个重要的会议要参加。考点二宾语从句连接词从属连词that,whether,ifThegoldmedalwillbeawardedtowhoeverwinsthefirstplaceinthebicyclerace.这块金牌将颁发给这场自行车比赛中获得第一名的人。连接代词what,who,whose,which,whatever,whichever,whoever等连接副词how,when,where,why,wherever,whenever等it作形式宾语①动词（find/feel/think/consider/make等）＋it＋宾补（形容词或名词）＋that从句②动词（hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy等）＋it＋that从句③动词短语（seeto/dependon/relyon等）＋it＋that从句④固定搭配（takeitforgranted/oweittosb.等）+that从句IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries.写日记成了我的惯例。考点三表语从句连接词从属连词that,whetherThisiswhatmyfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.这是我父亲教我的——总是要面对困难并寄予最大的希望。连接代词what,who,whose,which,whatever,whichever,whoever等连接副词how,when,where,why,wherever,whenever等asif/asthoughasif/asthough意为“好像,仿佛”,引导的表语从句常跟在系动词（be动词,seem,appear,look,taste,sound,feel,smell等）之后。若表语从句所述的是与客观事实相反的情况,从句常用虚拟语气;若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况,从句常用陈述语气。Atthattime,itseemedasthoughIcouldn’tthinkoftherightword.当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。连接词becauseThis/That/Itis+because引导的表语从句（表原因）“这/那是因为……”Fromspace,theearthlooksblue.Thisisbecauseaboutseventy-onepercentofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater.从太空中看,地球看起来是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。考点四同位语从句连接词同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语,一般位于该名词之后,说明该名词的具体内容。其连接词主要有that,whether,why,who,where,how,when等。在同位语从句中,that和whether不作句子成分,that无实际意义,whether表示“是否”；其他连接词具有实义，同时在同位语从句中作一定成分。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不省略。Themanagerputforwardasuggestionthatweshouldhaveanassistant.Thereistoomuchworktodo.常跟同位语从句的名词advice,fact,doubt,suggestion,hope,demand,conclusion,idea,news,order,request,thought,word,wish,promise,truth,information,message,belief,report,desire,problem,possibility等。经理提出了一个建议,我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。易错提示1.that和what引导的名词性从句的区别that引导名词性从句时，在从句中不充当任何成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在从句中充当一定的句子成分，有实际含义。It’sashamethathehasmadesuchamistake.真遗憾，他犯了这样一个错误。IwilldowhatIcan（do）tohelphim.我将尽我所能帮助他。2.whether与if引导的名词性从句的区别1）whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句末，但if引导的主语从句只能放在句末，且前面需用it作形式主语。Whetheritistrueremainsaquestion.这是否真实依然是个问题。Itisunknownifhewillattendthemeeting.他是否会来参加会议还不清楚。2）whether与if引导宾语从句时，大多数情况下可以互换，但是如果直接与ornot连用或用于介词后时，只能用whether。Wedon’tknowwhetherornotshewasready.我们不知道她是否准备好了。I’minterestedinwhetheryou’vefinishedthework.我对你是否完成了这项工作感兴趣。3）whether可引导表语从句和同位语从句，而if不可以。Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.问题是它是否值得去做。Heoftenaskedmethequestionwhethertheworkwasworthdoing.他经常问我这项工作是否值得去做的问题。技巧点拨模拟演练Ⅰ、单项选择1.Thestudentcompletedthisexperimenttomakecometrue__________ProfessorJosephhadsaid.A.that B.what C.when D.where2.Overthousandsofyears，theybegantodependlesson57couldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild,andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.3.Itisbynomeansclear__________thelocalgovernmentwilldowiththebuildingsofpoorquality.A.what B.how C.whether D.which4.—Thedesignersareoverthemoon.What’sup?—They’vereachedanagreementon__________thebonusesaretobedividedlater.A.why B.how C.where D.when5.______makesourschoolfamousis______morethan90%ofthestudentshavebeenadmittedtouniversities.A．What;that B．Which;because C．That;what D．What;because6.once-greatcitiesfellintoruins.A．What B．Why C．Whether D．That7.Peoplemaythinkthatdinosaurswerebig,greenwithhardskincoveringtheirbodies.Butinfact,itseemsthatdinosaursappearedverydifferentfrom________wethink.A．which B．that C．who D．what8.Airpollutionisabigproblem.Iwonder______wecandoaboutit.A．whether B．what C．how D．that9.________isknowntoallisthattheoutstandingacademicatmosphere,aswellasvariousfestivalsandsports,________manystudentstoourschool.A．It：draw B．Which：draw C．What：draws D．As：draws10.________studentsdoatthecollegemattersmuchmorethanwheretheytravel.A．Which B．Where C．What D．When11.Believeitornot,yourparentshaveexperienced________youhaveexperiencedaschildrenandteenagers.A．how B．which C．what D．that12.Morethan100studentshaveenteredforthecompetition,and________gainsthemostpointswillbethewinner.A．anyone B．theone C．who D．whoever13.It’sunwisetoleave________canbelife’smostimportantdecision—futurecareer—entirelytoluck.A．which B．that C．what D．how14.Jennyhasgot________ittakestobeagoodactress.Inotherwords,shehasthepotentialtobecomefamous.A．what B．when C．that D．howⅡ、语法填空15.GoingtoMountHuangshanremindsmeofthepopularBeatles’song“TheLongandWindingRoad”.______issobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheout-of-this-worldscenes.16.Overthousandsofyears,theybegantodependlesson______couldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild,andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.17.Anotherbenefitofexerciseis______itwillimproveyourbody'simmunesystem,makingyoubetterpreparedtofightoffinfection.18.Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence______theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.19.Itispossible______caffeinemaycausebirthdefects(缺陷)inhumans,too.20.Haveyoueverwondered______youwoulddotosolvemathproblemsifyoudidn’thaveacalculatororcomputerorevenpencilandpaper?21.SpanishsportnewspaperMarcanotedthatWuhasansweredthosewhodoubtedhismovetothecluband______“hisquickadaptationtoLaLiga(西甲)hassurprisedmanypeople”.22.These3000-year-oldsymbols,jiaguwen,werecarvedonturtleshellsorbonesofanimals,andcangiveusinsightinto______ancientChinesesawtheworldaroundthemandintotheirgreatcreativity.23.______Ilikethemostarethetraditionalwetmarkets,restaurantsofferingvariousdishesandthenumerousculturalactivitiesthatareavailablethere.24.Italsoraisesquestionsabout______Europeangovernmentsaredoingenoughtokeepupandcareforsuchbuildings.25.Theidealnapdependson______youwantfromthatnap．26.Thestudentsreturnedtoschoolwithasenseofachievement,afeeling______theyhelpedpeopleinneed.27.Usesomesimpletechniquestodistractfromtheissueandhopefullywithtime，thepersonwon'tbeabletoremember______heissupposedtoforget.28.Therewillbechallengesahead,however,whichis______wearefullypreparingforallpossibilities.29.Ifshehadvisionforthreedays,Xiongsaid,shewouldliketoseewithhereyes______thepianothataccompaniesherformorethanadecadelookslike.30.Ifirsthavetoremovealltherottenparts,andsometimes,______isleftisn’tenoughformydesigns.31.______wefeedourbodiesfeedsoureyes.32.Theidealnapdependson______youwantfromthatnap.33.Besuretobewithastrongawarenessthatyouare______youeat!34.Butit'snotthefact_______0nlypeoplewithbadhandwritingareattractedtothemedicalfield.35.Iwantedtoseeformyselfwhathappened,”saidTerry.“Icouldn’timagine______itisliketoloseyourhomeandeverythingthatyouknowandthepowerfuleffectthehurricanehadonthosepeople.Ⅲ、完形填空YungangGrottoes(石窟)inDatong,ShanxiProvince,areaworldculturalheritage(遗产)sitewithahistorythat1．(go)backmorethan1,500years.InYungang’s45biggrottoesandmorethan200smallgrottoes,roughly59,000figuresoftheBuddha,2．(be)apricelesstreasureofhumanculture.3．becauseoftheeffectsofclimatechangeandnaturaldisasters,thegrottoesfacedamageyearafteryear.Thanksto4．(advance)digitaltechnology,researchersarebusy“duplicating”(复制)theYungangGrottoesinanattempttopreservethepreciousculturalrelics(遗物).Employing3Dlaserscanningtechnology,theresearchers5．(digital)recordtheshapes,colorsandotherfinedetailsofthegrottoesandlaterreproduce6．byusing3Dprintingtechnology.Thenewtechnologycouldenablemorepeople7．(access)theculturalrelicsdespitethedistance.InJune,2020,theZhejiangUniversityCulturalRelicsResearchInstituteandYungangGrottoesResearchInstitutetogether“copiedandpasted”CaveNo.12oftheYungangGrottoesforan8．(exhibit)inHangzhou,inwhichistheworld’sfirst3D-printed1:1“copy”ofagrotto.TheseYungang9．(researcher)attemptisagoodexampleoftechnologyhelpingtopreserveculturalheritage.Itishoped10．thenewdigitalizedtechnologieswillfacilitatethe“rebirth”oftheculturalrelics,andbringthemtomoreplacesworldwide.Ⅲ、作文最近，一位叫“何同学”的大学生用英语采访苹果CEO蒂姆•库克（TimCook）的视频火了,其中他流利的英语和自信的态度给大家留下了深刻印象。假如你是李华，请给“何同学”（Mr.He）写一封英文求助信，希望他能推荐一些英语口语的高效训练方法。内容：1.视频对年轻人的影响：2.求助的内容；3.表示感谢。注意；1.写作词数为80左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；3.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答.DearMr.He,Howiseverythinggoing?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yours,LiHua真题演练【2022年】1（2022新高考II卷）“Idon'tknow___________tothankhim.”2（2022年浙江1月）Cobb,forherparty,startedtoaskconferenceorganizerswhoinvitedhertospeak______shecoulddosoremotely.【2021年】1.(2021年新高考全国1卷语法填空)GoingtoMountHuangshanremindsmeofthepopularBeatles’song“TheLongandWindingRoad”.____56____issobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheout-of-this-worldscenes.Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywehumansare.【2020年】1.（2020·江苏卷）Itisnotaproblem__________wecanwinthebattle;it’sjustamatteroftime.A.whether B.why C.when D.where2.（2020·天津卷）Thestudentcompletedthisexperimenttomakecometrue__________ProfessorJosephhadsaid.A.that B.what C.when D.where3.（2020·浙江卷）Overthousandsofyears，theybegantodependlesson57couldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild,andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.【2019年】1.【2019·江苏卷】Scientistshaveobtainedmoreevidence___________plasticisfindingitswayintothehumanbody.A.what B.that C.which D.where2.【2019·新课标I卷】Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence___61___theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.3.【2019·北京卷】Whatstudentsdoatcollegeseemstomattermuchmorethan___8___theygo.【2018年】1.【2018·北京】Withouthissupport,wewouldn’tbe_________wearenow.A.how B.when C.where D.why2.【2018·北京】Thisis_________myfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.A.how B.which C.that D.what3.【2018·天津】Thegoldmedalwillbeawarded___________towinsthefirstplaceinthebicyclerace.A.whomever B.wherever C.